Man: computer, ape, or angel?:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hanover, Mass.
Christopher Publ. House
1989
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX 432, S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0815804520 |
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| adam_text | MAN: COMPUTER, APEr OR ANGEL?
by
Larry Azar
THE CHRISTOPHER PUBLISHING HOUSE
HANOVER, MASSACHUSETTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface vii
Author s Biography viii
Introduction ix
Foreword xi
PART I: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: The Character of Philosophy 1
Wisdom, wonder, mystery
A definition of philosophy; ultimate vs proximate, philosophy
and science
Chapter 2: Lines of Demarcation 9
A note on terminology
The attack on introspection: Behaviorism and Cognitive
Psychology
Introspection and subjectivity: Phenomenology and
Existentialism
Ethology, Sociobiology, Cultural Anthropology
Chapter 3: Some Observations on The History of Psychology 15
The origins of psychology: Plato and Aristotle
The philosophy of Descartes
The birth of experimental psychology: the triumph of
mathematics over the psyche
The reaction against materialistic psychology;
Humanistic Psychology
The present condition of experimental psychology
Philosophy s supplementary role
PART II: THEORIES OF LIFE
Chapter 4: Mechanism 23
Prolegomenon
Artificial intelligence, brain size, cybernetics
The substantial and the accidental; Aristotle and Descartes
Reductionism
Chapter 5: Vitalism 33
The hylomorphic doctrine
The application of hylomorphism to living beings
The soul as the substantial form and first act of the body
Chapter 6: An Evaluation of Vitalism 45
A thing acts according to its nature
Dynamic finality: biological corroboration
Intrinsic unity: biological evidence
Psychological corroboration: intrinsic unity
Psychological evidence: dynamic finality
Chapter 7: An Evaluation of Mechanism 59
The loss of intrinsic unity and dynamic finality
Structure as a substitute explanation
Structural vs functional definitions
Chapter 8: Antireductionism 69
The accidental vs the essential: Munn, Russell, Dewey,
Fodor, deChardin, Simpson, Sinnott, Frankl, Freud, Jung,
Walshe, Communists
Chapter 9: A Final Word on Methodology 77
The ways in which a thing can be in another thing
Physical vs chemical changes
Scientists insist upon duality
Genetic composition not a differentiating norm
Scientific models as postulates
Protoplasm and DNA
PART III: THE MODERN DILEMMA
Chapter 10: The Importance of Philosophical Anthropology 89
Philosophy as the critic of abstractions
Consequences stemming from different interpretations of the mean-
ing of man - : Shakespeare, Sophocles, Augustine, Frankl,
Plato vs Darwin, Hitler, Mao Tse-tung, Gould, Sagan, Loeb
Biological entities and moral obligation
Philosophical anthropology in relation to democracy
Scientific determinism and human freedom: Freud, May,
Allport, Maslow
Atheistic acknowledgment of the need for God: Nietzsche
and Sartre
PART IV: THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING BEINGS
Chapter 11: The Nature of Life 103
Procedure: a proper starting point
Toward a definition of living
Vital acts as effects of living beings
Living as a substantial predicate
The need for powers
The distinction of powers
PART V: VEGETATIVE ACTIVITIES
Chapter 12: The Nutritive Function 117
The metabolic process: what is food?
Chapter 13: The Function of Growth 119
Incretion as opposed to accretion: proper size
Nonbiotic growth
Chapter 14: Man s Reproductive Function 123
Cellular division: mitosis vs meiosis
Chapter 15: The Viruses: A Missing Link? 127
Bacteria and viruses
The T2 bacteriophage
Replication vs reproduction
PART VI: HUMAN COGNITION: SENSATION
Chapter 16: Introduction 131
Chapter 17: External Sensation 133
The constitutuion of a sense
Sight
Hearing
Smell
Taste
Touch
Chapter 18: Internal Sensation 141
Introduction
Imagination
Memory
The central sense
The estimative sense: instinct
PART VII: HUMAN COGNITION: INTELLECTION
Chapter 19: The Nature of The Intellect 151
Introduction
Symbolic communication
Ideas
Reflection
Summary and conclusion
Chapter 20: The Object of Intellectual Knowledge 171
Atomism, Platonism, Aristotelianism
Abstraction implies matter
Knowledge of the self
Chapter 21: The Genesis of Knowledge 175
Essences do not exist apart from their accidents
The role of the agent intellect and the cognitional species
The phantasm
The knowing intellect
Knowledge as a spiritual biology
Chapter 22: The Nature of Knowledge 189
Knowledge as a formal sign
The question of distance in knowledge
Knowledge as an intentional union
Knowledge not a change
Chapter 23: Knowledge vs Noncognitive Responses 195
Prolegomenon
Tropisms belong to biology, not psychology
• Tropism as a function of growth
Characteristics of tropisms
The difference between a tropism and a reflex
Reflexologists Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Critiques by Maslow and Goldstein
Chapter 24: Animal Intelligence 205
Principal points to be considered
The definition of intelligence
A comparison of the highest type of animal with the most
primitive types of man
Man the tool maker
Conventional language
The power of abstraction
Learning by trial and error
Learning by insight
Learning by training
A comprehensive view of animal activity
Morgan s law
PART VIII: HUMAN APPETITION
Chapter 25: Appetancy in General 229
Appetancy as natural inclination
The end as a good
Elicited appetite
Characteristics of appetancy
Chapter 26: Sense Appetites: The Emotions 235
Emotion, passion, feeling, sentiment
Acts of the irascible appetite
Acts of the concupiscible appetite
Chapter 27: Rational Appetite: The Will 239
Suprasensible goods
The object of the will
Chapter 28: Man s Ultimate End 243
Proximate and ultimate ends
Happiness as an end
The nature of happiness
God as an end
Chapter 29: Human Love 249
The fundamental nature of love
Benevolence
Eros vs agape
Love and sex
Coitus and copulation
Friendship
Love as the successor of knowledge
PART IX: MAN THE PERSON
Chapter 30: Human Freedom 261
The problem of freedom: Skinner, Jaspers, Frankl, Freud,
James, Sartre
Freedom not opposed to necessity
Acts of intellect and will compared
Intellect and will as causes
Inadequate notions of freedom
Freedom of specification and freedom of exercise
Chapter 31: The Nature, Origin, and Destiny of the Human Soul 275
Essential simplicity of the soul
Definitive presence
Spiritual nature
The soul as substance and form
The origin of the soul
The mediate and immediate animation doctrines
The question of immortality
Death as an anomaly
Plato and Aristotle on immortality
St Thomas on immortality
Chapter 32: The Uniqueness of Man 295
Introduction
Science
Religion
Homo faber
Music
Progress
History
Symbolic communication and language machines
Art
Risibility
Man the stranger
Man the person
Transcendence as a characteristic of human nature
Spirituality as the essence of personality
PART X: EVOLUTION
Chapter 33: Scientific and Philosophic Aspects of Evolution 315
Evolution and God
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace
Natural Selection as a metaphor
Ambiguity of the fittest
Darwin as a racist
Nazism
Communism
Intellect and will as spiritual powers
The person as the foundation of morality
Cosmic vs organic vs cultural evolution
Geneticists vs paleontologists: gradual vs saltatory evolution
Evolution as a philosophical topic: Spencer
EPILOGUE 321
FOOTNOTES 323
BIBLIOGRAPHY 411
INDEX 429
|
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