Drought and agriculture: report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Spanish English Russian French |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
1975
|
| Schriftenreihe: | World Meteorological Organization: WMO
392 World Meteorological Organization: Technical note 138 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 127 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9263103925 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Drought and agriculture |b report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought |c prep. by C. E. Hounam ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva |c 1975 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 127 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a World Meteorological Organization: WMO |v 392 | |
| 490 | 1 | |a World Meteorological Organization: Technical note |v 138 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agrométéorologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sécheresses | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Droughts | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Meteorology, Agricultural | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hounam, C. E. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a World Meteorological Organization: WMO |v 392 |w (DE-604)BV005631705 |9 392 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a World Meteorological Organization: Technical note |v 138 |w (DE-604)BV002539054 |9 138 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804123303892221952 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Drought and agriculture
Autor: Hounam, Colin E.
Jahr: 1975
Page
Foreword................................ VII
Summary (English, French, Russian, Spanish).................... IX-XV
Chapter 1 — Introduction........................... 1
1.1 General.............................. 1
1.1.1 Drought and economic losses...................... 1
1.1.2 Drought versus aridity......................... 1
1.2 Drought and the water balance...................... 2
1.2.1 Soil water............................. 2
1.2.2 Precipitation............................ 3
1.2.3 Dew and fog............................ 4
1.2.4 Surface runoff........................... 4
1.3 Fire hazard............................. 5
1.4 Drought, ecological imbalance and soil erosion................. 5
1.5 The space and time characteristics of drought................. 6
1.5.1 Areal extent............................ 6
1.5.2 Beginning and end of drought...................... 7
1.5.3 Duration............................. 7
1.5.4 Persistence............................. 8
1.5.5 Climatic change........................... 8
1.6 Causes of drought.......................... 8
1.7 Forecasting of drought......................... 10
1.8 References............................. 11
Chapter 2 - Definition of drought........................ 12
2.1 Classification according to criteria..................... 12
2.2 Definitions based on rainfall....................... 13
2.3 Availability of soil water........................ 15
2.4 References............................. 16
Chapter 3 — Meteorological indices of agricultural drought............... 17
3.1 General.............................. 17
3.2 Agricultural drought............-.............. 17
3.3 The purposes of an index........................ 17
3.3.1 To evaluate climatic proneness toward aridity................. 17
3.3.2 To estimate areal irrigation requirements................... 18
3.3.3 To evaluate drought in a local setting.................... 18
3.3.4 For periodic reporting of the severity and regional extent of drought......... 19
3.4 Drought index examples in practice.................... 19
3.4.1 Potential evapotranspiration (PE) methods.................. 19
3.4.2 Actual evapotranspiration (AE) methods................... 20
3.4.3 Drought for spring wheat........................ 20
3.4.4 Drought for maize (corn)........................ 20
3.4.5 Moisture stress days.......................... 21
3.4.6 Drought and fire in vegetation...................... 22
3.4.7 Drought in semi-arid pastoral areas..................... 23
3.4.8 Indices not specifically agricultural..................... 24
3.4.9 Palmer drought index......................... 24
3.4.10 Foley drought index......................... 25
3.5 References............................. 25
Chapter 4 - Methods of analysis........................ 27
Statistical analysis of rainfall data..................... 27
.1 Data selection............................ 27
.2 Normal rainfall........................... 27
.3 Rainfall variability.......................... 28
.4 Frequency distribution......................... 28
.5 Deciles of rainfall.......................... 29
.6 Temporal display of data........................ 32
.7 Frequency of drought in sequences.................... 32
.8 Persistence............................. 35
.9 Extreme values........................... 36
.10 Spatial correlation.......................... 37
4.2 Water-balance methods......................... 37
1.2.i Introduction............................ 37
4.2.2 Thornthwaite method......................... 40
4.2.3 Fitzpatrick method.......................... 41
4.2.4 Palmer method........................... 42
4.2.5 Baier Robertson method........................ 45
4.2.6 USSR methods.......................... 49
4.3 References............................. 52
Chapter S - The plant, agricultural practices and drought................ 53
5.1 Drought resistance.......................... 53
5.2 Response of plants to drought conditions.................. 55
5.3 Fallow as a management technique.................... 55
5.4 Soil erosion............................ 56
5.5 Droughts and efficiency of applying fertilizers................. 57
5.6 References............................. 57
Chapter 6 - Pastures and livestock under drought conditions............... 59
6.1 Introduction............................ 59
6.1.1 The problem............................ 59
6.1.2 Pastures under drought......................... 59
6.2 Individual plants and drought...................... 59
6.2.1 Definitions of resistance and tolerance to drought............... 60
6.2.2 The nature of drought injury....................... 60
6.2.3 Structural and mechanical features of plants in relation to drought resistance...... 61
6.2.4 Physio-chemical factors in plant drought resistance............... 62
6.2.5 Evaluation of plant drought-resistance................... 63
6.2.6 Atmospheric drought......................... 63
6.2.7 Hdaphic drought........................... 64
6.2.8 Water deficit evaluation in plants..................... 65
6.3 Plant communities and drought...................... 66
6.3.1 Study methods of dynamics of plant communities in pastures........... 67
6.3.2 Plant communities and drought injury................... 67
6.3.3 Soil type and drought injury....................... 68
6.3.4 Stocking rate and pasture use in drought injury................ 70
6.3.5 Animal predators and drought...................... 71
6.3.6 Artificial modification of natural vegetation in pasture management in semi-arid areas ... 71
6.4 Animal husbandry in drought conditions................... 72
6.4.1 Nature of drought injury in different kinds of livestock............. 72
6.4.2 Livestock management in drought periods.................. 73
6.4.3 Fodder reserves as regional and local defence strategies.............. 74
6.5 References............................. 75
Chapter 7 — Drought and water requirements.................... 81
7.1 Introduction............................ 81
7.2 Water required by livestock....................... 82
7.3 Irrigation systems.......................... 82
7.4 Streamflow ............................ 89
7.5 References............................. 91
Chapter 8 - Diseases and pests in drought..................... 93
8.1 General.............................. 93
8.2 Pests............................... 93
8.3 Animal diseases........................... %
8.4 Plant diseases............................ 97
8.5 References............................. 98
Chapter 9 — Local environmental control and drought................. 100
9.1 Introduction............................ 100
9.2 Wind barriers............................ 100
9.2.1 Influence on air humidity........................ 100
9.2.2 Influence on dew........................... 100
9.2.3 Influence on snow cover........................ 100
9.2.4 Influence on evaporation........................ 101
9.2.5 Influence on soil moisture....................... 102
9.3 Modification of soil moisture by runoff/ run-on ............... 103
9.4 Modification of solar radiation...................... 103
9.5 Influence of forests on precipitation.................... 104
9.6 Influence of other evaporation sources on rainfall............... 105
9.7 Modification of evaporation....................... 105
9.8 Modification of the rain process by cloud seeding............... 106
9.9 References............................. 107
Page
Appendix I - Summary of drought definitions................... 109
(a) Rainfall............................ HO
(b) Rainfall with mean temperature.................... 112
(c) Soil-water and crop parameters.................... 114
(d) Climatic indices and estimates of evapotranspiration............. 116
(e) General definitions and statements................... 119
References............................. 120
Appendix Ð - Drought and the need for a world climatic watch............. 123
1. Application of a possible world climatic watch on drought.......... 123
2. Relevant drought data....................... 124
3. Quality control of data...................... 125
4. Processing of data........................ 126
5. Networks for drought studies.................... 126
References............................. 127
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| id | DE-604.BV008967561 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:27:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9263103925 |
| language | Spanish English Russian French |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005920063 |
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| owner | DE-29 |
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| physical | XV, 127 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1975 |
| publishDateSearch | 1975 |
| publishDateSort | 1975 |
| record_format | marc |
| series | World Meteorological Organization: WMO World Meteorological Organization: Technical note |
| series2 | World Meteorological Organization: WMO World Meteorological Organization: Technical note |
| spelling | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought prep. by C. E. Hounam ... Geneva 1975 XV, 127 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier World Meteorological Organization: WMO 392 World Meteorological Organization: Technical note 138 Agrométéorologie Sécheresses Droughts Meteorology, Agricultural Hounam, C. E. Sonstige oth World Meteorological Organization: WMO 392 (DE-604)BV005631705 392 World Meteorological Organization: Technical note 138 (DE-604)BV002539054 138 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005920063&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought World Meteorological Organization: WMO World Meteorological Organization: Technical note Agrométéorologie Sécheresses Droughts Meteorology, Agricultural |
| title | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought |
| title_auth | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought |
| title_exact_search | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought |
| title_full | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought prep. by C. E. Hounam ... |
| title_fullStr | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought prep. by C. E. Hounam ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drought and agriculture report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought prep. by C. E. Hounam ... |
| title_short | Drought and agriculture |
| title_sort | drought and agriculture report of the cagm working group on the assessment of drought |
| title_sub | report of the CAgM Working Group on the Assessment of Drought |
| topic | Agrométéorologie Sécheresses Droughts Meteorology, Agricultural |
| topic_facet | Agrométéorologie Sécheresses Droughts Meteorology, Agricultural |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005920063&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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