Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester u.a.
Ellis Horwood
1988
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. |
| Beschreibung: | 340 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Catt, John A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |c John A. Catt |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester u.a. |b Ellis Horwood |c 1988 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geology, Stratigraphic |y Quaternary | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804123254312402944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface......................................9
Chapter 1. Nature of the Quaternary period
1.1 Introduction................................ 11
1.2 The evidence of climatic change from oceanic deposits.......... 12
1.3 Cause of the climatic changes....................... 13
1.4 The Plio-Pleistocene boundary...................... 18
1.5 Limitations of the oceanic sequence.................... 19
1.6 Evidence of climatic changes from continental deposits.......... 20
1.7 Long continental Quaternary sequences.................. 25
1.8 The British Quaternary sequence..................... 30
1.9 Strategy for Quaternary stratigraphie investigations............ 32
Chapter 2. Processes of Quaternary deposition and erosion
2.1 Introduction................................ 35
2.2 Glacial processes.............................. 36
2.2.1 Ice and glaciers........................... 36
2.2.2 Glacial erosion and deformation.................. 39
2.2.3 Glacial deposition......................... 41
2.2.4 Geomorphological features of glacial deposits........... 48
2.2.5 Glaciofluvial deposits....................... 49
2.2.6 Glaciolacustrine deposits...................... 52
2.2.7 Glaciomarine deposits....................... 54
2.3 Aeolian processes............................. 55
2.3.1 Wind erosion............................ 55
2.3.2 Aeolian deposits.......................... 57
2.3.3 Loess................................ 58
2.3.4 Origin of loess........................... 61
2.3.5 Aeolian sands........................... 65
2.4 Erosion and deposition on subaerial slopes................ 67
2.4.1 Soil erosion by runoff....................... 67
2.4.2 Hillwash deposits.......................... 70
6 Table of contents
2.4.3 Mass movement..........................70
2.5 Fluvial processes..............................76
2.5.1 River erosion............................ 77
2.5.2 Fluvial deposits........................... 81
2.5.3 River terraces........................... 84
2.5.4 Valley asymmetry......................... 86
2.5.5 Peneplains............................. 89
2.6 Lacustrine deposits............................ 91
2.7 Peat deposits................................ 94
2.8 Periglacial erosion and soil disturbance.................. 95
2.8.1 Permafrost and ground ice.....................96
2.8.2 Periglacial soil patterns.......................99
2.8.3 Pingos and palsas..........................103
2.8.4 Naleds...............................104
2.8.5 Thermokarst features.......................104
2.8.6 Gelifraction and nivation......................105
2.9 Karst erosion and disturbance.......................105
2.10 Coastal erosion and deposition......................108
Chapter 3. Soil development during the Quaternary
3.1 Definition and formation of soils.....................Ill
3.2 Soil horizons................................112
3.2.1 Horizon designation.........................113
3.3 Soil profiles and soil classification.....................115
3.3.1 Soil series.............................115
3.3.2 Higher categories of soil classification...............116
3.4 Significance of soil classification in Quaternary geology..........120
3.5 Soil catenas and topofunctions.......................124
3.6 Buried soils................................126
3.7 Dating periods of soil development....................129
3.8 Chronosequences.............................134
3.8.1 Soil development indices......................136
3.9 Climatic interpretation of soils.......................139
3.9.1 Climatic significance of organic content..............141
3.9.2 Climatic significance of clay content................143
3.9.3 Climatic significance of silica/sesquioxide ratios..........146
3.9.4 Climatic significance of soil clay mineralogy............146
3.9.5 Climatic significance of clay illuviation...............148
3.9.6 Climatic significance of rubefication................149
3.9.7 Other features of climatic significance...............149
3.9.8 Frost features...........................150
3.10 Biological interpretation of soils......................152
3.10.1 Soil palaeontological evidence...................152
3.10.2 Biological significance of soil properties..............153
Table of contents 7
Chapter 4. Quaternary stratigraphie principles and methods
4.1 Introduction................................156
4.2 Importance of stratigraphy in Quaternary geology............157
4.3 Chronostratigraphy and geochronology..................158
4.4 Lithostratigraphy.............................160
4.5 Biostratigraphy..............................162
4.6 Magnetostratigraphy...........................165
4.7 Pedostratigraphy.............................167
4.8 Morphostratigraphy............................168
4.9 Climatostratigraphy............................169
Chapter 5. Dating Quaternary events
5.1 Introduction................................171
5.2 Radiocarbon dating............................172
5.3 Uranium series disequilibrium dating...................175
5.4 Potassium-argon dating..........................180
5.5 Thermoluminescence (TL) dating.....................181
5.6 Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating...................183
5.7 Tephrochronology.............................184
5.8 Dendrochronology............................186
5.9 Varve chronology.............................186
5.10 Palaeomagnetic dating...........................188
5.11 Amino acid dating.............................191
5.12 Archaeological dating...........................192
5.13 Palaeontological evidence for the age of sediments and soils.......198
5.13.1 Plant remains as evidence of age..................199
5.13.2 Animal remains as evidence of age.................201
5.14 Lichenometry...............................206
5.15 Dating by intensity of weathering.....................206
5.16 Cosmogenic beryllium dating.......................208
Chapter 6. Maps of Quaternary features
6.1 Introduction................................209
6.2 Quaternary lithological maps.......................210
6.2.1 Use of aerial photographs.....................210
6.2.2 Field mapping of Quaternary deposits...............211
6.2.3 Description of deposits.......................213
6.2.4 Sampling deposits.........................213
6.2.5 Economic aspects.........................213
6.2.6 Geophysical investigations.....................214
6.2.6.1 Seismic surveys......................214
6.2.6.2 Gravity surveys......................215
6.2.6.3 Resistivity surveys....................216
6.2.6.4 Downhole gamma logs..................223
6.2.6.5 Ground-probing radar..................223
6.2.6.6 Radioglaciology.....................223
6.2.6.7 Geothermics.......................224
8 Table of contents
6.2.7 Availability of Quaternary lithological maps............225
6.3 Geomorphological maps..........................226
6.3.1 Preliminary aspects of geomorphological mapping.........227
6.3.1.1 Use of aerial photographs................227
6.3.1.2 Multispectral imagery..................229
6.3.1.3 Calculation of morphometric indices...........235
6.3.2 Field mapping of geomorphological features............238
6.3.3 Predictive geomorphological maps.................239
6.3.4 Availability of geomorphological maps..............240
6.4 Maps of surface soils............................240
6.4.1 Preliminary aspects of soil mapping................241
6.4.1.1 Use of aerial photographs................241
6.4.1.2 Multispectral and satellite imagery............243
6.4.2 Field mapping of surface soils...................243
6.4.2.1 Developing a map legend.................244
6.4.2.2 Soil site and profile descriptions.............245
6.4.2.3 Sampling and laboratory analyses............245
6.4.3 Availability of soil maps......................247
6.5 Palaeogeographical maps of the Quaternary................248
6.6 Quaternary palaeoecological maps....................248
6.7 Applied Quaternary maps.........................249
Chapter 7. Economic significance of Quaternary studies
7.1 Introduction................................255
7.2 Quaternary mineral resources.......................255
7.2.1 Quaternary sources of aggregate..................256
7.2.2 Other Quaternary mineral resources................257
7.2.3 Placer deposits...........................258
7.2.4 Quaternary deposits and the location of bedrock ore bodies. . . .260
7.3 The use of palynological techniques in petroleum exploration.......263
7.4 Quaternary features in civil engineering..................264
7.4.1 Landslips..............................265
7.4.2 Bearing capacity and settlement of Quaternary deposits......267
7.4.3 Influence of Quaternary features on siting of roads, railways
and airports............................271
7.5 Influence of Quaternary events on agriculture and forestry........272
7.5.1 Influence of the Quaternary on soil properties...........272
7.6 Hydrogeological features of the Quaternary................275
7.7 Sea-level changes.............................278
7.8 Future climatic changes..........................280
References....................................285
Index......................................336
|
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| dewey-full | 551.7/9 |
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| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
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| dewey-search | 551.7/9 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.7 19 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Catt, John A. Verfasser aut Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers John A. Catt 1. publ. Chichester u.a. Ellis Horwood 1988 340 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. Engineering geology Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Angewandte Geologie (DE-588)4142436-0 gnd rswk-swf Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 s Angewandte Geologie (DE-588)4142436-0 s 2\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005886220&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Catt, John A. Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers Engineering geology Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Angewandte Geologie (DE-588)4142436-0 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4142436-0 (DE-588)4048009-4 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |
| title_auth | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |
| title_exact_search | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |
| title_full | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers John A. Catt |
| title_fullStr | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers John A. Catt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers John A. Catt |
| title_short | Quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |
| title_sort | quaternary geology for scientists and engineers |
| topic | Engineering geology Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Angewandte Geologie (DE-588)4142436-0 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Engineering geology Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Angewandte Geologie Quartär Einführung |
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