The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy: = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English French |
| Published: |
Paris
1994
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| Series: | OECD documents
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 159 S.: graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9264040269 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy |b = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |c Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Air - Pollution - Échanges de droits d'émission | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environnement - Droit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environnement - Protection - Aspect économique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pollution - Impôts | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ressources énergétiques - Impôts | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Taxe écologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Économie de l'environnement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umweltpolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental impact charges | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental policy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Income distribution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pollution |x Economic aspects | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESUME ET CONCLUSIONS 9
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 39
A. Policy approaches for environmental protection 39
B. Purpose of this study 40
C. Organisation of the report 41
Chapter 2. BACKGROUND ON ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS 43
A. Economic instruments considered in this study 43
B. The logic and mechanism of economic instruments 44
C. Overview of experience with emissions taxes and emissions trading 47
Chapter 3. FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTIVE IMPLICATIONS OF
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS 55
A. Threshold issues for a distributive analysis 55
B. Structure of a distributive analysis 60
Chapter 4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSES OF THE DISTRIBUTIVE IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC
INSTRUMENTS 63
A. Analyses of long term impacts 63
B. Analyses of transitional costs 81
C. Summary of steps in estimating distributive impacts 83
Chapter 5. EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE DISTRIBUTIVE IMPLICATIONS OF
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS 85
A. Distributional impacts of environmental policies 85
B. Distributive impacts of emission tax schemes 88
C. Distributional impacts of emissions trading schemes 95
D. Summary of empirical studies 99
Chapter 6. MITIGATING DISTRIBUTIVE IMPACTS 101
A. Should compensation be paid? 101
B. Experience with compensation 102
5
C. Mitigation options for economic instruments 104
D. Compensation strategies 106
Chapter 7. CONCLUSIONS 109
A. Key functions of a distributive analysis 109
B. Check list for distributive analysis 110
C. Concluding remarks 113
Appendix: Distributive Impacts of the Los Angeles Basin Emissions Trading Programme . 119
A. Background 119
B. Threshold issues 121
C. Potential cost savings 122
D. Influence of allocation formula on firm and industry costs 127
E. Case study of cost impacts: furniture manufacturing industry 133
F. Assessing RECLAIM S effect on employment 137
G. Policy options to reduce negative employment impacts 141
H. Summary of the distributive impacts of RECLAIM 147
References 151
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Incidences initiales des instruments 6conomiques 17
Figure 2. Emission Standards Often Lead to Large Differences in Marginal Costs .... 45
Figure 3. Cost Savings Under Emissions Tax or Emissions Trading 46
Figure 4. Initial Impacts of Economic Instruments Under Alternative Assumptions ... 62
Figure 5. Finns Demand Curves for Emissions Allowances 67
Figure 6. Cost Savings to Firms from Emissions Trading 68
Figure 7. Impacts of Alternative Allowance Allocations on Firm Costs 71
Figure 8. Impacts of Emissions Taxes or Auctioned Allowances on Firm Costs ...... 75
Figure 9. Cost Savings Under Emissions Trading for National Industries Accrue to
Stockholders 77
Figure 10. Cost Savings Under Emissions Trading for Local Industries Are Shared by
Stockholders and Consumers 79
Figure 11. The Net Impact Under Emissions Trading on Prices Depends on the Size of
Opportunity Costs of Allowances Relative to Cost Savings 80
Figure 12. Income Distribution Impacts of a Carbon Tax in the United States 89
Figure 13. Income Distribution Impacts of a Carbon Tax in the United Kingdom 91
Figure 14. Income Distribution Impacts of a Carbon Tax in Six European Countries ... 92
Figure 15. Impacts of Acid Rain Trading Programme on Coal Mining Employment .... 96
Figure 16. The Los Angeles Trading Programme Provides a Net Gain to the Furniture
Industry When the Initial Allocation is the Same as Traditional Controls ... 99
Figure A l. Cost Savings to Electric Utility Boilers Under Trading 123
Figure A 2. Cost Savings to Cogenerators Under Trading 124
6
Figure A 3. SCAQMD Cost Data Shows Wide Differences in Average Reduction Cost Per
Ton of ROG Among Source Categories . . 125
Figure A 4. RECLAIM Lowers Overall Control Costs 125
Figure A 5. Cost Savings Due to RECLAIM are Particularly Important to Lower Income
Households 127
Figure A 6. RECLAIM Provides a Uniform Decline in Allowances for Each Source . . . 128
Figure A 7. Allocations Under RECLAIM Do Not Consider Prior Controls ......... 129
Figure A 8. Allocations Under RECLAIM Would be Based on Emissions in a Single Year 131
Figure A 9. Winners Include Firms with Large or Early Controls Under AQMP ..... 132
Figure A 10. Losers Include Firms With Small or Late Controls Under AQMP 133
Figure A ll. RECLAIM Provides a Net Gain to the Furniture Industry When Initial
Allocation is Equal to that Under AQMP 134
Figure A 12. Cost Savings to Furniture Industry Under RECLAIM 135
Figure A 13. Cost Savings from RECLAIM Lead to Greater Output and Greater Employment
in the Basin 138
Figure A 14. The Net Impact of RECLAIM Depends on the Size of Opportunity Costs
of Allowances Relative to Cost Savings 139
Figure A 15. In the Long Run RECLAIM Will Increase Output 141
Figure A 16. Forfeiture of Temporary Allowances When a Plant Shuts Down 144
LIST OF TABLES
Table I. Evaluation of the Purpose and Practice of Charge Schemes in OECD
Countries 49
Table II. Summary of Trading Gains and Losses Under Alternative Allowance
Allocations 73
Table III. Summary of Trading Gains and Losses Under the Tax or Auction Approach . 76
Table IV. Empirical Studies of Emissions Taxes 88
Table V. Regional Welfare Changes Under Alternative Carbon Tax Policies 94
Table VI. Empirical Studies of Emission Trading 95
Table VII. Changes in Compliance Costs for Industries Under a CFC Marketable Permit
Scheme 98
Table A I. Cost to Furniture Industry Under Alternative Assumptions Regarding
RECLAIM 134
7
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:26:25Z |
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| isbn | 9264040269 |
| language | English French |
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| physical | 159 S.: graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Paris 1994 159 S.: graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier OECD documents Beitr. teilw. franz., teilw. engl. Air - Pollution - Échanges de droits d'émission Environnement - Droit Environnement - Protection - Aspect économique Pollution - Impôts Ressources énergétiques - Impôts Taxe écologique Économie de l'environnement Umweltpolitik Environmental impact charges Environmental policy Income distribution Pollution Economic aspects Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd rswk-swf Verteilungspolitik (DE-588)4188065-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 s DE-604 Verteilungspolitik (DE-588)4188065-1 s OECD Sonstige (DE-588)5157-3 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005868656&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Air - Pollution - Échanges de droits d'émission Environnement - Droit Environnement - Protection - Aspect économique Pollution - Impôts Ressources énergétiques - Impôts Taxe écologique Économie de l'environnement Umweltpolitik Environmental impact charges Environmental policy Income distribution Pollution Economic aspects Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Verteilungspolitik (DE-588)4188065-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078523-3 (DE-588)4188065-1 |
| title | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
| title_alt | Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
| title_auth | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
| title_exact_search | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
| title_full | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_fullStr | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_short | The distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy |
| title_sort | the distributive effects of economic instruments for environmental policy effets distributifs des instruments economiques dans la politique de l environnement |
| title_sub | = Effets distributifs des instruments économiques dans la politique de l'environnement |
| topic | Air - Pollution - Échanges de droits d'émission Environnement - Droit Environnement - Protection - Aspect économique Pollution - Impôts Ressources énergétiques - Impôts Taxe écologique Économie de l'environnement Umweltpolitik Environmental impact charges Environmental policy Income distribution Pollution Economic aspects Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Verteilungspolitik (DE-588)4188065-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Air - Pollution - Échanges de droits d'émission Environnement - Droit Environnement - Protection - Aspect économique Pollution - Impôts Ressources énergétiques - Impôts Taxe écologique Économie de l'environnement Umweltpolitik Environmental impact charges Environmental policy Income distribution Pollution Economic aspects Verteilungspolitik |
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