Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam u.a.
Elsevier
1993
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XVI, 779 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 0444882472 |
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100 | 1 | |a Clapperton, Chalmers M. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America |c C. Clapperton |
264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam u.a. |b Elsevier |c 1993 | |
300 | |a XVI, 779 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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650 | 7 | |a Geologie |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Geomorfologie |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Géologie - Amérique du Sud |2 ram | |
650 | 7 | |a Géomorphologie - Amérique du Sud |2 ram | |
650 | 7 | |a Paleo-ecologie |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Quartair |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Quaternaire (ère géologique) |2 ram | |
650 | 4 | |a Geologie | |
650 | 4 | |a Geology |z South America | |
650 | 4 | |a Geology, Stratigraphic |y Quaternary | |
650 | 4 | |a Geomorphology |z South America | |
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adam_text | QUATERNARY GEOLOGY
AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
OF SOUTH AMERICA
C CLAPPERTON
Department of Geography
University of Aberdeen
Elphinstone Road
• Aberdeen, AB9 2UF
Scotland, U K
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM • LONDON NEW YORK • TOKYO
ix
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgements vii
Chapter 1 THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AMERICA 1
1 1 Introduction 1
1 2 Structure, Geology and Topography 1
121 Structure and Topography of the Continental Interior 4
122 Structure and Topography of the Collision Margin 5
123 Summary of Structure and Topography 9
1 3 Major Climatic Zones 9
1 4 Broad Regional Climates of South America 13
141 Climate West of the Andes 15
142 Climate East of the Andes 16
143 Climates within the Andes 18
1 5 Natural Vegetation Zones of South America 19
151 East of the Andes 22
152 West of the Andes : 26
153 Montane Vegetation Types 27
154 Overview of Vegetation Patterns 28
Chapter 2 QUATERNARY TECTONICS OF SOUTH AMERICA 31
2 1 Introduction 31
2 2 Quaternary Tectonic Features of the Plate Margins 32
221 The Collision Margin: Quaternary Tectonics of the Andes 32
222 The Shearing Margins 50
223 The Passive Margins 52
2 3 Quaternary Tectonic Features of the Continental Interior 54
2 4 Quaternary Tectonics and Drainage Evolution 55
241 The Andes 56
242 The Foreland Region 56
243 The Central Craton 59
2 5 Quaternary Tectonics and Slope Movements 59
2 6 Quaternary Tectonics and Glaciation 63
2 7 Quaternary Tectonics and Raised Marine Shorelines 70
271 Convergent Margins 71
272 Passive Margins 71
2 8 Summary 72
Chapter 3 QUATERNARY VOLCANISM IN SOUTH AMERICA 73
3 1 Introduction 73
3 2 Tectonic Setting of Quaternary Volcanism 73
3 3 Distribution and Spatial Arrangement of Quaternary Volcanism 76
331 Regional Distribution 76
332 Spatial Arrangement 77
3 4 Penological Characteristics of Quaternary Volcanic Centres 80
X
3 5 Geomorphology of the Quaternary Volcanic Regions 83
351 Tectonic Influences 83
352 Geochemistry 84
353 Styles of Andesitic Activity 84
354 Morphology of Quaternary Andesite Volcanoes 87
355 Quaternary Stratocones: Limits to Growth 89
356 Quaternary Stratocones: Rate of Growth 91
357 Quaternary Stratocones: Denudation and Glaciation 93
3 6 Summary 94
Chapter 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUATERNARY VOLCANIC ZONES 97
4 1 The Northern Volcanic Zone 97
4 2 The Central Volcanic Zone 113
421 The Northern Group 115
422 The Central Group 119
423 The Southern Group 125
4 3 The Southern Volcanic Zone 130
4 4 The Austral Volcanic Zone 139
4 5 The Extra-Andean Volcanic Zone 141
Chapter 5 QUATERNARY OF THE ALLUVIAL BASINS PART I: STRUCTURE
AND QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY 143
5 1 Introduction 143
5 2 The Refuge Theory Problem 146
5 3 Cainozoic Structural Evolution 147
5 4 Quaternary Stratigraphy 151
541 The Amazon Basin 151
542 The Parana Basin 155
Chapter 6 QUATERNARY OF THE ALLUVIAL BASINS PART II: FLUVIAL
LANDFORMS AND SEDIMENTS 163
6 1 Alluvial Fans of the Andean Piedmont 163
611 The Orinoco Basin 163
612 The Amazon Basin 166
613 The Parana Basin 166
6 2 Alluvial Depocentres of the Andean Piedmont 167
621 The Beni Basin 167
622 The Pastaza-Maranon and the Pastaza-Ucayali Basins 170
6 3 Fluvial Terraces in the Middle Amazon Basin 171
631 Tricart s Study 172
632 De Meis Study 172
633 Ab Saber s Study 174
634 Terraces of the Lower Amazon 176
6 4 Geomorphology and Sedimentology of the River Mouths 178
641 The Amazon Cone 180
6 5 Overview 182
Chapter 7 QUATERNARY OF THE ALLUVIAL BASINS PART III: AEOLIAN
FEATURES: PALAEOCLIMATE 183
7 1 Quaternary Aeolian Features 183
711 Palaeodunes of the Orinoco Llanos 183
xi
712 Palaeodunes and Deflation Hollows of the Pantanal and Beni Basins 190
713 The Beni Basin 196
714 The Chaco-Pampas Plains 198
715 The Patagonian Plains 201
716 The Cangagua Formation of Ecuador 204
717 Conclusion 209
7 2 Quaternary Palaeoecology of the Alluvial Basins 209
7 3 Quaternary Palaeoclimate of the Alluvial Basins: an Overview 213
731 Climate Dynamics 213
Chapter 8 QUATERNARY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN HIGHLANDS PART I:
HIGHLANDS OF THE BRAZILIAN SHIELD 217
8 1 Introduction 217
8 2 Tertiary-Quaternary Planation Surfaces 217
8 3 Climate, Vegetation Cover and Soils 220
8 4 Quaternary Geomorphology and Climatic Changes 221
841 The Cobertura Detritica (Colluvium) 222
842 The Stone Lines 225
843 The Rampa de Coluvio 225
843 Sediment-dammed Lakes 228
844 Hypothesis of Preglacial Aridity and Glacial Humidity 232
845 Radiocarbon Dating Quaternary Colluvium and Alluvium 233
846 Palaeoclimatic Significance of Radiocarbon-dated Deposits 242
Chapter 9 QUATERNARY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN HIGHLANDS PART II:
CASE STUDIES IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL: CAMPOS DO JORDAO
AND SERRA DA ITATIAIA 243
9 1 Introduction 243
9 2 The Quaternary of Campos do Jordao 245
9 3 The Quaternary of Serra da Itatiaia 248
931 Superficial Sediments 252
932 Erosional Features 256
933 Climatic Considerations 257
934 Geocryogenic Features 257
Chapter 10 QUATERNARY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN HIGHLANDS PART III:
THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS 259
10 1 Highlands of the Guyana Shield 259
10 1 1 Structure and Topography 259
10 1 2 Climate and Vegetation 261
10 1 3 Quaternary Landforms and Deposits 264
10 2 The Southern Highlands 269
10 2 1 Structure and Topography 269
10 2 2 Climate and Vegetation 271
10 2 3 Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology 272
Chapter 11 THE GLACIERS AND GLACIAL LANDFORMS OF SOUTH AMERICA 275
11 1 Introduction 275
11 1 1 Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitudes 275
11 1 2 Glacier Regimes in the Andes 275
11 2 Distribution of Modern Glaciers 277
xii
11 3 The Landforms of Quaternary Glaciers 291
11 3 1 Landforms of Glacial Erosion 293
11 3 2 Landforms of Glacial Deposition 311
11 3 3 Glacio-fluvial Landforms 323
11 3 4 Glacio-lacustrine Features 331
Chapter 12 LATE CENOZOIC GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE ANDES PART I:
LATE MIOCENE-MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE 335
12 1 Introduction 335
12 2 Miocene-Pliocene Glaciation 335
12 2 1 The Patagonian Sequence 336
12 3 Pliocene Glaciation 338
12 3 1 Patagonia • 338
12 3 2 Bolivia: First Pliocene Glaciation 340
12 3 3 Bolivia: Second Pliocene Glaciation 343
12 4 Pliocene-Pleistocene Glaciation 346
12 4 1 The Greatest Patagonian Glaciation 346
12 5 Early-Middle Pleistocene Glaciation 348
12 5 1 The Chilean Lakes Region 348
12 5 2 Magellan Strait and Fuego-Patagonia 354
Chapter 13 LATE CENOZOIC GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE ANDES PART II:
THE LATE QUATERNARY (ISOTOPE STAGES 7-3) 365
13 1 Introduction 365
13 2 The Penultimate Interglaciation (Isotope Stage 7) 365
13 3 The Penultimate Glaciation (Isotope Stage 6) • 366
13 3 1 The Northern Andes 366
13 3 2 The Central Andes (latitude 15°S-35°S) 367
13 3 3 The Southern Andes (latitude 35°S-56°S) 370
13 4 The Last Interglaciation (Isotope Stage 5e) 374
13 5 The Last Glaciation (110,000-14,000 years BP) 375
13 5 1 Early Last Glaciation (Isotope Stage 4) 375
13 5 2 Middle Last Glaciation (Isotope Stage 3) 386
Chapter 14 LATE CENOZOIC GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE ANDES PART III:
THE LAST GLACIATION MAXIMUM (ISOTOPE STAGE 2) 395
14 1 Introduction 395
14 2 The Northern Andes 395
14 2 1 Venezuela 397
14 2 2 Colombia 398
14 2 3 Ecuador 408
14 2 4 Overview of the Northern Andes 410
14 3 The Central Andes 410
14 3 1 The Junin Plain 411
14 3 2 Cordillera Vilcanota 411
14 3 3 Cordillera Apolobamba-Real 413
14 3 4 The Aconcagua Range 415
14 4 The Southern Andes 415
14 5 Overview of the Late Last Glaciation 421
xiii
Chapter 15 LATE CENOZOIC GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE ANDES PART IV:
THE LATE-GLACIAL AND HOLOCENE 425
15 1 Introduction 425
15 2 A Stadial at ca 15,000-14,000 Years BP? 425
15 2 1 The Northern Andes 426
15 2 2 The Central Andes 431
15 2 3 The Southern Andes 433
15 2 4 Overview of Glacier Fluctuations ca 16,000-12,000 years BP 436
15 3 A Late-Glacial Stadial ca 12,000-10,000 Years BP? 437
15 3 1 The Northern Andes 438
15 3 2 The Central Andes 443
15 3 3 The Southern Andes 450
15 3 4 Overview of the Interval 12,500-10,000 Years BP Did Andean Glaciers
Readvance during the Late-Glacial? 454
15 4 Glacier Fluctuations of the Holocene 457
15 4 1 The Northern Andes 459
15 4 2 The Central Andes 464
15 4 3 The Southern Andes 466
Chapter 16 QUATERNARY GRAVEL FORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN SOUTH
AMERICA 473
16 1 Introduction 473
16 2 The Patagonian Gravel Formation 473
16 2 1 Early Interpretations 475
16 2 2 Modern Interpretations 477
16 2 3 Overview of the Patagonian Gravel Formation 480
16 3 The Rodados Multicolores of Southern Chile 485
16 3 1 Overview of the Rodados Multicolores 487
Chapter 17 QUATERNARY PALAEOLAKES OF THE ARID REGIONS OF SOUTH
AMERICA 489
17 1 Introduction 489
17 2 Palaeolakes of the Altiplano 489
17 2 1 Early Observations of the Palaeolakes 490
17 2 2 Modern Observations on the Palaeolakes 492
17 3 The Palaeolakes of Patagonia 506
17 3 1 Laguna Cari Laufquen 506
17 3 2 Lago Cardiel 507
17 3 3 Palaeoclimatic Implications of the Patagonian Palaeolakes 511
17 4 The Palaeolakes of Northern Chile 511
17 4 1 The Andean Sub-Region 515
17 4 2 The Atacama Basin 515
17 4 3 Central Valley of Northern Chile- 516
17 4 4 Palaeoclimatic Implications 517
17 5 Overview of the Quaternary Palaeolakes 517
Chapter 18 QUATERNARY GEOCRYOGENIC FEATURES OF SOUTH AMERICA
AND THE FALKLAND ISLANDS (ISLAS MALVINAS) 521
18 1 Introduction 521
18 2 Modern Geocryogenic Activity 521
18 2 1 Contemporary Geocryogenic Features outside the Andes 522
xiv
18 2 2 Contemporary Geocryogenic Features in the Andes 522
18 3 Quaternary Geocryogenic Features 530
18 3 1 The Brazilian Highlands 530
18 3 2 Central Andes of Argentina 534
18 3 3 Patagonia 537
18 4 Quaternary Geocryogenic Features of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 543
18 4 1 Structure and Topography of the Falkland Islands 543
18 4 2 Climate of the Falkland Islands 545
18 4 3 Relict Geociyogenic Features of the Falkland Islands 546
18 5 Overview of Quaternary Geocryogenic Activity 561
Chapter 19 QUATERNARY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN COASTS 563
19 1 Introduction 563
19 2 The Caribbean Coast of South America 565
19 2 1 The Coast of Venezuela 565
19 2 2 Caribbean Islands Adjacent to Venezuela 567
19 3 The Atlantic Coast of South America 569
19 3 1 The Coastline of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana 569
19 3 2 Amazon Estuary to the Plate Estuary 572
19 3 3 The Plate Estuary 579
19 3 4 The Plate Estuary to Northern Patagonia 581
19 3 5 Southern Patagonia 581
19 4 The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 587
19 5 Magellan Strait and Tierra del Fuego 591
19 6 The Pacific Coast South of 42°S 595
19 7 The Pacific Coast North of 42°S 596
19 7 1 The Older Studies 599
19 7 2 New Chronologies and Interpretations 607
19 7 3 Conclusions from Chile and Peru 611
19 8 The Pacific Coast: Ecuador and Colombia 612
19 9 Submerged Quaternary Shorelines 613
19 9 1 The Argentine Shelf 614
19 9 2 The Brazilian Shelf 616
19 lOConclusions and Implications 617
19 10 1 Interglacial Sea Level 617
19 10 2 Influence of Tectonics 618
Chapter 20 QUATERNARY PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICA
PART I: PRE-QUATERNARY-LATE QUATERNARY 621
20 1 Introduction 621
20 2 Palaeoecology and Palaeoclimate: the Principle 621
20 2 1 The Northern Andes 622
20 2 2 The Southern Andes 624
20 3 Pollen Record and Palaeoclimate before the Late Quaternary 627
20 3 1 The Sabana de Bogota: The First Record 627
20 3 2 Sabana de Bogota: The Funza Record 629
20 4 Middle-Late Quaternary Pollen Record 634
20 5 Pollen Record of the Last Interglaciation 637
20 5 1 The Northern Andes: Colombia 637
20 5 2 The Southern Andes: Chile 639
20 6 Conclusion 642
XV
Chapter 21 QUATERNARY PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICA
PART II: THE LAST GLACIATION 643
21 1 Introduction 643
21 2 The Northern Andes 643
21 2 1 The Fuquene Site 646
21 2 2 The El Abra Site 648
21 2 3 Paramo de Agua Blanca Site 651
21 2 4 The Pitalito Site 653
21 3 The Central Andes 655
21 4 The Southern Andes 656
21 4 1 Chilean Lakes Region 656
21 4 2 Central Valley of Chile 664
21 4 3 Southern Argentina 666
21 5 Conclusions 670
Chapter 22 PALAEOECOLOGY OF THE LATE-GLACIAL AND HOLOCENE
INTERVALS 671
22 1 Introduction 671
22 2 The Late-Glacial Controversy 671
22 3 Late-Glacial Environments in the Andes 673
22 3 1 The Northern Andes 673
22 3 2 The Southern Andes 677
22 4 Perspective on the Late-Glacial Problem 682
22 5 Palaeoecology of the Holocene 683
22 5 1 The Northern Andes 684
22 5 2 The Central Andes 687
22 5 3 The Southern Andes (East) 689
22 5 4 The Temperate Andes 693
22 5 5 The South-Central Andes (East) 696
22 5 6 The South-Central Andes (West) 697
22 6 Quaternary Palaeoecology of South America: Overview 701
22 6 1 Pre-Quaternary-Late Quaternary Records 701
22 6 2 The Late-glacial Record 702
22 6 3 The HolSCene Interval 703
22 6 4 Dynamics of Late-glacial-Holocene Climatic Changes 703
Chapter 23 THE QUATERNARY OF SOUTH AMERICA: OVERVIEW AND
IMPLICATIONS 707
23 1 Introduction 707
23 2 Landscape Changes induced by Quaternary Tectonics and Volcanism 707
23 3 Landscape Changes induced by Quaternary Climates 709
23 3 1 The Alluvial Basins 709
23 3 2 The Uplands/Highlands 712
23 3 3 The Andean Cordillera 713
23 4 Wider Implications of Andean Glaciation 716
23 4 1 The Isotope Stage 4 Problem 716
23 4 2 Isotope Stages 3 and 2 719
23 4 3 The Early Late-glacial Interval (ca 14,000 years BP) 720
23 4 4 Termination 1 (ca 13,000 years BP) 724
23 4 5 The Late Late-glacial Interval (ca 12,500-10,000 years BP) 726
23 4 6 The Holocene 729
xvi
23 5 The Final Synthesis 729
23 6 Synchrony between Quaternary Environmental Changes in South America and
Global Changes 734
23 6 1 Pre-Last Glaciation 734
23 6 2 The Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle 734
23 7 Epilogue 736
References 737
Subject Index 769
|
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author | Clapperton, Chalmers M. |
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geographic | Südamerika (DE-588)4078014-4 gnd |
geographic_facet | Südamerika |
id | DE-604.BV008872262 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:26:24Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0444882472 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005867572 |
oclc_num | 28338114 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-384 DE-20 DE-11 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-703 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-384 DE-20 DE-11 DE-188 |
physical | XVI, 779 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
publishDate | 1993 |
publishDateSearch | 1993 |
publishDateSort | 1993 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Clapperton, Chalmers M. Verfasser aut Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America C. Clapperton Amsterdam u.a. Elsevier 1993 XVI, 779 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geologie gtt Geomorfologie gtt Géologie - Amérique du Sud ram Géomorphologie - Amérique du Sud ram Paleo-ecologie gtt Quartair gtt Quaternaire (ère géologique) ram Geologie Geology South America Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Geomorphology South America Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd rswk-swf Quartärgeomorphologie (DE-588)4219356-4 gnd rswk-swf Südamerika (DE-588)4078014-4 gnd rswk-swf Südamerika (DE-588)4078014-4 g Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 s DE-604 Quartärgeomorphologie (DE-588)4219356-4 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005867572&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Clapperton, Chalmers M. Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America Geologie gtt Geomorfologie gtt Géologie - Amérique du Sud ram Géomorphologie - Amérique du Sud ram Paleo-ecologie gtt Quartair gtt Quaternaire (ère géologique) ram Geologie Geology South America Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Geomorphology South America Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd Quartärgeomorphologie (DE-588)4219356-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4048009-4 (DE-588)4219356-4 (DE-588)4078014-4 |
title | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America |
title_auth | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America |
title_exact_search | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America |
title_full | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America C. Clapperton |
title_fullStr | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America C. Clapperton |
title_full_unstemmed | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America C. Clapperton |
title_short | Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America |
title_sort | quaternary geology and geomorphology of south america |
topic | Geologie gtt Geomorfologie gtt Géologie - Amérique du Sud ram Géomorphologie - Amérique du Sud ram Paleo-ecologie gtt Quartair gtt Quaternaire (ère géologique) ram Geologie Geology South America Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Geomorphology South America Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd Quartärgeomorphologie (DE-588)4219356-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Geologie Geomorfologie Géologie - Amérique du Sud Géomorphologie - Amérique du Sud Paleo-ecologie Quartair Quaternaire (ère géologique) Geology South America Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Geomorphology South America Quartär Quartärgeomorphologie Südamerika |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005867572&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT clappertonchalmersm quaternarygeologyandgeomorphologyofsouthamerica |