Social statistics using SPSS:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Harper Collins
1992
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 540 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0060417145 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Supplements xiv
List of Tables xv
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Quantitative Social Science 1
The Nature of Science 1
Quantitative Analysis 4
Computer Analysis 6
Summary 6
Review 7
Key terms 7
Suggested Readings 7
Chapter 2 An Overview of the Research Process 8
The Research Focus 8
The research question 9
Hypotheses 9
Hypotheses and variables 10
Defining and Measuring Variables 11
Conceptual variables 11
Operational variables 13
Collecting Data 16
Controlled experiments 17
Surveys 19
Selecting Cases for Study 21
Drawing samples 21
Randomization and controlled experiments 22
Summary 23
v
Review 24
Key terms 24
Exercises 24
Suggested Readings 25
Chapter 3 Using SPSS 26
Computer Hardware and Software 26
Computer hardware 27
The SPSS software 28
SPSS forms and versions 30
Operating Systems 31
Files 32
Storing and using files 32
Command versus menu driven 34
Editors 36
Batch versus interactive processing 36
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 37
DOS and VAX computers 37
Macintosh and OS/2 45
Prompted sessions 49
Summary 50
Review 50
Key terms 50
Suggested Readings 51
Chapter 4 Entering Data 52
Creating a Data File 53
The DATA LIST Command 55
Variable names 55
Locations of variables 56
Types of variables 56
Including the data 57
More About the Data List 58
Spacing requirements 58
Multiple records per case 60
A Brief Look at Analyzing the Data 61
The FREQUENCIES command 61
Errors 63
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 64
Both SPSS/PC + and Release 4 65
SPSS/PC + only 66
Summary 67
Review 67
Key terms 67
Exercises 68
Suggested Readings 69
Chapter 5 Data Coding and Sources 70
Data Coding 70
Anonymity 71
Statistical power 71
Levels of Measurement 72
Nominal 72
Ordinal 73
Interval 75
Ratio 76
More About Levels of Measurement 78
Using appropriate procedures 78
The computer and levels of measurement 78
Our purpose and levels of measurement 78
The difference between ordinal and interval 79
Dichotomies 80
Codebooks and External Data Files 81
Codebooks 81
Secondary analysis 82
The American National Election Study and the General
Social Survey 83
Raw data files 83
Referring to files 84
Command files and data files 86
Release 4 87
Summary 87
Review 87
Key terms 87
Exercises 88
Suggested Readings 88
Chapter 6 Data Description and System Files 90
Variable Labels 91
Value Labels 93
Missing Values 96
Coding missing data 97
Declaring missing data to the computer 99
System missing values 101
The Separating Slash 103
A requirement versus a convenience 103
Beginning versus ending slashes 104
System Files 105
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 108
Summary 109
Review 109
Key terms 109
Exercises 109
Suggested Readings 110
Chapter 7 The FREQUENCIES Procedure 111
The FREQUENCIES Command 112
Formatting Subcommands 115
Subcommand BARCHART 116
Subcommand HISTOGRAM 118
Subcommand STATISTICS 124
The central tendency 124
Measures of dispersion 127
Requesting statistics with SPSS 131
Requesting multiple subcommands 133
SPSS/PC + 133
Summary 134
Review 134
Key terms 134
Exercises 134
Suggested Readings 135
Chapter 8 Modifying Data 137
Modifying Cases 138
The SAMPLE command 138
The SELECT IF command 140
Modifying Variables 144
The RECODE command 144
The COMPUTE command 151
The IF command 156
More About Modifying Data 159
Duration of modifications 159
Modifications and missing data 161
Data cleaning 163
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 165
Release 4 165
SPSS/PC + 165
Summary 166
Review 167
Key terms 167
Exercises 167
Suggested Readings 168
Chapter 9 Drawing Inferences 169
Probability Distributions 171
Probability 171
Probability distributions 172
Smooth curves 174
The normal curve 176
Sampling Distributions 180
The central tendency of a sampling distribution 181
Dispersion of a sampling distribution 182
The shape of the sampling distribution 188
Sampling distributions and probability statements 188
Confidence Intervals 191
Summary 197
Review 197
Key terms 197
Exercises 198
Suggested Readings 198
Chapter 10 Hypothesis Testing 199
Existence—Is There a Relationship? 199
The null hypothesis 200
Probability levels 203
The significance level and decision error 206
The Strength of Relationships 208
The Direction of Relationships 209
Phrasing Hypotheses 213
Summary 215
Review 215
Key terms 215
Exercises 216
Suggested Readings 216
Chapter 11 T TEST 217
Testing Hypotheses with Confidence Intervals 218
Comparing Means of Independent Groups 220
Command format 221
Output 223
Dependent Means—The Paired T TEST 231
Command format 233
Command output 234
Summary 238
Review 238
Key terms 238
Exercises 238
Suggested Readings 239
Chapter 12 Analysis of Variance (ONEWAY) 240
Relationships and Variance 244
Variance as error 246
Partitioning variance 250
An ANOVA table 254
SPSS Commands 258
ANOVA Limitations and Assumptions 259
Drawing conclusions from an ANOVA 260
Assumptions 260
Subcommands 262
RANGES 262
FORMAT 264
STATISTICS 266
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 268
Summary 268
Review 269
Key terms 269
Exercises 269
Suggested Readings 271
Chapter 13 Contingency Tables (CROSSTABS) and the Chi Square Test 272
Relationships and Contingency Tables 273
Contingency tables 274
The chi square statistic 275
The CROSSTABS Command 280
Formatting subcommands 280
Statistics 284
Applications 287
Contingency tables and summary statistics 287
Contingency tables and interval variables 288
SPSS/PC + 289
Summary 289
Review 289
Key terms 289
Exercises 290
Suggested Readings 291
Chapter 14 Contingency Tables (CROSSTABS) and Measures of
Association 292
Measures of Association 293
Nominal Measures of Association 297
Phi coefficient 298
Cramer s V 298
Contingency coefficient 299
PRE measures 299
Lambda 302
STATISTICS subcommand and output 304
Ordinal Measures of Association 306
Concordant and discordant pairs 308
Gamma 309
Kendall s tau 311
STATISTICS subcommand and output 311
More About Measuring Association 315
Other statistics 315
Assumptions 319
Directional relationships and operational variables 320
SPSS/PC + 323
Summary 323
Review 324
Key terms 324
Exercises 324
Suggested Readings 325
Chapter 15 Control and Elaboration 327
Confounding Variables and Controls 329
Control Variables on the CROSSTABS Command 331
Elaboration—Interpreting Partial Correlations 335
No change 335
Consistent increase or decrease 336
Inconsistent increase or decrease 338
Relationship drops to zero 338
Interpreting Figures 15.1 and 15.2 339
Finding and Using Control Variables 340
What variables to control for 340
Confounding variables and the research design 341
Variables not to control for 342
Comparing statistical and substantive significance 342
Summary 343
Review 343
Key terms 343
Exercises 344
Suggested Readings 344
Chapter 16 CORRELATION (PEARSON CORR) 345
Pearson Correlation 346
Measuring direction 347
Measuring strength 348
A constant scale 348
The CORRELATION Command 351
The WITH keyword 354
Subcommands 355
Assumptions and Interpretation 359
The bivariate normal assumption 360
The linear assumption 360
Pearson s r as a PRE measure 364
Coefficient of determination 367
SPSS/PC + 368
Summary 368
Review 369
Key terms 369
Exercises 369
Suggested Readings 370
Chapter 17 Partial Correlation 371
The Partial Correlation 373
SPSS Command 375
Different inclusion levels 376
Common subcommands 378
Zero order correlations 380
Missing data 380
Assumptions and Interpretation 386
Assumptions 388
Interpretation 388
Summary 389
Review 390
Key terms 390
Exercises 390
Suggested Readings 391
Chapter 18 PLOT 392
The PLOT Command 394
Subcommands 401
Scatterplot size 401
Reference lines 404
Regression lines 405
Control variables 407
Summary 409
Review 410
Key terms 410
Exercises 410
Suggested Readings 411
Chapter 19 Creating Lines with Simple Regression 412
Relationships and the Linear Formula 413
The REGRESSION Procedure 417
Variables Section 419
Testing hypotheses 420
Beta coefficient 421
Using b versus beta 424
Model Section 425
Predicted Y 425
Multiple R 426
R square 426
Standard error 427
ANOVA 428
Subcommands 428
Descriptive statistics 429
Added statistics 429
Assumptions 434
No correlation between e and X 434
Zero mean and normal distribution 435
Constant variance 435
Robustness of regression 435
SPSS/PC + and Release 4 437
Summary 437
Review 438
Key terms 438
Exercises 438
Suggested Readings 440
Chapter 20 Model Building and Multiple Regression 441
Models 442
Models and hypotheses 442
Prediction and parsimony 443
Multiple Regression 444
Multiple Regression Command and Output 448
Variables section 449
Model section 453
Using Multiple Regression 456
One independent variable 456
Control variables 456
Multiple independent variables 457
Dummy variables 457
The R square and b statistics 460
Summary 461
Review 462
Key terms 462
Exercises 462
Suggested Readings 463
Appendix A Codebook: 1988 American National Election Survey 465
Appendix B Codebook: 1988 General Social Survey 491
Appendix C Answers to Selected Exercises 511
Index 537
|
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| discipline | Informatik Soziologie Psychologie |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:24:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0060417145 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XX, 540 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Harper Collins |
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| spelling | Dometrius, Nelson C. Verfasser aut Social statistics using SPSS Nelson C. Dometrius New York, NY Harper Collins 1992 XX, 540 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier SPSS (Computer file) SPSS gtt Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd rswk-swf Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd rswk-swf SPSS (DE-588)4056588-9 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 s Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 s DE-604 SPSS (DE-588)4056588-9 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005771243&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dometrius, Nelson C. Social statistics using SPSS SPSS (Computer file) SPSS gtt Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd SPSS (DE-588)4056588-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055916-6 (DE-588)4232139-6 (DE-588)4056588-9 |
| title | Social statistics using SPSS |
| title_auth | Social statistics using SPSS |
| title_exact_search | Social statistics using SPSS |
| title_full | Social statistics using SPSS Nelson C. Dometrius |
| title_fullStr | Social statistics using SPSS Nelson C. Dometrius |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social statistics using SPSS Nelson C. Dometrius |
| title_short | Social statistics using SPSS |
| title_sort | social statistics using spss |
| topic | SPSS (Computer file) SPSS gtt Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd SPSS (DE-588)4056588-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | SPSS (Computer file) SPSS Sozialwissenschaften Quantitative Methode |
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