Soil erosion by water: some measures for its control on cultivated lands
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rome
FAO
1978
|
| Ausgabe: | Repr. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series
7 Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper 81 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Erscheinungsjahr auf d. Haupttitels. 1965 |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 284 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9251004749 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Soil erosion by water |b some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series |v 7 | |
| 490 | 1 | |a Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper |v 81 | |
| 500 | |a Erscheinungsjahr auf d. Haupttitels. 1965 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil conservation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil erosion | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erosion |0 (DE-588)4015366-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1807503373869514752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
Foreword
v
1. Occurrence of soil erosion by water. 1
Areas of the world affected. 1
Erosion and people. 1
Surveys point the way to efficient control. 3
Soil loss. 4
Water erosion depletes water supplies. 6
Extent of damage and potential damage. 6
Great river basins of the tropics . 11
Pressure for food production. 13
Opening of new land for cropping. 15
Reclamation of eroded and abandoned land. 17
Basis for governmental action in soil conservation . 20
2. Types of erosion damage. 22
Geologic and accelerated erosion. 22
Sheet and MicroChannel erosion. 23
Sheet erosion. 23
MicroChannel or rill erosion. 25
Gullying. 26
How gullies develop. 27
Gully control. 27
Sedimentation. 29
The sedimentation process. 29
Local deposition . 29
Downstream deposition. 32
Damage caused by downstream deposition. 33
SOIL EROSION BY WATER
Filling reservoirs. 34
Sedimentation on bottomlands. 34
3. Physical conditions affecting water erosion. 37
Physiography . 37
Slope steepness. 37
Slope length. 37
Slope curvature.'. 39
Climate. 39
Rainfall: quantity, intensity, energy and distribution . 39
Temperature changes. 42
Soil. 43
Detachability and transportability. 43
Infiltration and permeability of different horizons. 46
Aggregation and surface sealing. 48
Topsoil depth. 49
Water-holding capacity. 50
Cover or vegetation (land use) . 50
Clean-tilled fallow. 50
Meadow crops. 52
Cultivated crops. 53
Forests. 54
4. Control measures. 56
Cropping management practices. 56
Land use . 56
Land-use-capability classes. 56
Sod-based rotations. 59
Rotations used. 59
Rotation benefits.-. 60
Continuous cropping. 62
Fertilizers and manures. 63
Vegetation protects soil. 63
Roots and residues help. 65
CONTENTS xi
Erosion studies. 65
Supporting practices. 66
Fertilizer needs. 67
Fertility losses. 67
Cover crops and interplanting. 68
Cover crops. 68
Green manure crops. 70
Interplanting. . 71
Mulch tillage. 73
Place of mulch tillage.• • • 73
How much tillage controls erosion. 74
Crop residues affect soil temperature and moisture. 75
Farming practices. 76
Rotary tillers. 78
Yields of mulch-tilled crops. 80
Minimum tillage. 81
Objectives of minimum tillage. 84
Row area — seed and seedling environment. 85
The interrow: water management area. 85
Influence of tillage methods. 87
Conclusions .". 88
Supporting erosion control practices. 89
Contour farming. 89
Strip-cropping. 91
Terrace systems. 92
Diversions. 104
Waterways. Ill
Structures . 119
5. Equipment for soil erosion control. 124
Earth-moving equipment. 124
Plows. . . 125
Whirlwind terracer. 126
Motor patrol. 126
XÜ SOIL EROSION BY WATER
Bulldozer. 127
V-drags . 127
Elevating graders, rotary scrapers and carry-alls. 128
Factors affecting the rate of construction. 128
Settlement of terrace ridges . 130
Land smoothing. 130
Ditching equipment . 131
Equipment for seeding grass. 136
Broadcast seeders. 136
Aircraft seeding. 137
Grain drills. 137
Packer seeders. 138
Seeding oat/legume/grass mixtures. 138
6. Soil loss prediction equation. 141
a new equation. 141
Equation factors . 142
The rainfall factor (/?). 143
Soil erodibility factor (K). 144
Length and steepness of slope factor (LS). 146
Cropping and management factor (C). 147
Conservation practices factor (P). 151
Soil-loss tolerance. 153
how the equation is used. 154
Making the initial calculation. 154
Modifying the initial calculation. 154
Contouring and strip-cropping considered. 155
Terracing considered. 155
Additional approaches. 156
7. Research methods. 157
Runoff plots for measurement of soil and water losses 157
Observation research. 166
Rainfall simulators. 169
Mechanics of erosion — Laboratory studies. 175
CONTENTS XÜi
Appendixes. 177
1. Africa. A simple system of management for soil and
water conservation and drainage in mechanized crop pro-
duction in the tropics. 179
2. Australia. Erosion by water in Australia. 195
3. Greece. Land conservation in Greece. 212
4. Israel. Land use in Israel. 215
5. South Africa. Soil conservation in South Africa with
special reference to the control of erosion by water. . . 226
6. Rhodesia. The mechanical protection of arable land . . 238
7. Somalia. A technique of using earthbanks for soil and
water conservation in the northern region of Somalia . 266
Conversion factors and relationships. 276
Some institutions and agencies engaged in soil and water con-
servation activities. 278
General references. 279 |
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| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Geographie |
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| id | DE-604.BV008524008 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-16T00:52:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)2010460-1 |
| isbn | 9251004749 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005604911 |
| oclc_num | 41395644 |
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| owner | DE-824 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-83 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-824 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-83 DE-188 |
| physical | XXI, 284 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| psigel | TUB-nseb |
| publishDate | 1978 |
| publishDateSearch | 1978 |
| publishDateSort | 1978 |
| publisher | FAO |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper |
| series2 | Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper |
| spelling | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands Repr. Rome FAO 1978 XXI, 284 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series 7 Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper 81 Erscheinungsjahr auf d. Haupttitels. 1965 Soil conservation Soil erosion Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd rswk-swf Erosion (DE-588)4015366-6 gnd rswk-swf Erosion (DE-588)4015366-6 s Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 s DE-604 FAO Sonstige (DE-588)2010460-1 oth Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series 7 (DE-604)BV001898976 7 Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper 81 (DE-604)BV001887878 81 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005604911&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO land and water development series Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO agricultural development paper Soil conservation Soil erosion Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd Erosion (DE-588)4015366-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4064689-0 (DE-588)4015366-6 |
| title | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_auth | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_exact_search | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_full | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_fullStr | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_short | Soil erosion by water |
| title_sort | soil erosion by water some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| title_sub | some measures for its control on cultivated lands |
| topic | Soil conservation Soil erosion Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd Erosion (DE-588)4015366-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Soil conservation Soil erosion Wasser Erosion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005604911&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT fao soilerosionbywatersomemeasuresforitscontroloncultivatedlands |