Active lavas: monitoring and modelling
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
UCL Press
1993
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 374 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1857280075 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Active lavas |b monitoring and modelling |c ed. by Christopher R. J. Kilburn ... |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b UCL Press |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a X, 374 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122788546478080 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface ix
Contributors addresses x
Parti MORPHOLOGY
Preface 2
1 The emplacement of silicic lava flows and associated
hazards 5
Jonathan H. Fink
Introduction 5
Styles of silicic lava emplacement 6
Dynamics of silicic flow advance 15
Endogeneous explosive activity associated with silicic lava flows 18
Summary 21
The blocky andesitic lava flows of Arenal volcano,
Costa Rica 25
Scott R. Linneman Andrea Borgia
Introduction 25
Field observations of active Arenal lava flows 28
The birthplace of a lava flow: description of the active crater 29
The elementary lava flow: descriptions of the unit flow 29
The multiple lava flow: descriptions of the composite flow 37
The product of an eruptive episode: description of the lava field 53
The structure of the volcano: description of the lava armor 56
Interpretation of geological features 56
Distribution of unit flows, composite flows and lava fields 59
Monitoring future flows and hazard determination 66
Morphometry 66
Volcanic hazards 70
Summary of conclusions 70
m
Contents
3 Aa lavas of Mount Etna, Sicily 73
Christopher R. J. Kilburn John E. Guest
Introduction 73
Planimetrie shapes of aa flow fields 74
Arterial flows 79
Channel lava and surface structures 81
Lava levées 87
Lava tubes 93
Flow fronts 94
Ground heating 96
Dangers from aa flows 97
(Trustai behaviour and flow emplacement 98
Lava flow faciès 100
Conclusions 101
4 Extraterrestrial lava flows 107
Rosaly M. C. Lopes-Gautier
Introduction 107
The Moon 109
Mars 114
Venus 124
Io 132
Summary 138
Part II MONITORING
Preface 146
5 Field observation of active lava in Hawaii: some
practical considerations 147
Robert I. Tilling Donald W. Peterson
Introduction 148
Field observation of moving lava 148
Eruptivevents 150
Lava lakes 152
IV
Contents
Lava flows 155
Collection of lava samples 161
Safety precautions when working around active lava 164
Concluding remarks 169
6 Measuring the properties of flowing lavas 175
Harry Pinkerton
Introduction 175
Measurement methods 176
Properties to be measured 176
Equipment design 178
Temperatures of lava flows 179
Rheological properties of lavas 181
Density 184
Survey methods 184
Measurements of the internal dimensions of channels 185
Velocity profiles and effusion rates 186
Discussion 188
7 Convection heat transfer rates in molten lava 193
Harry C. Hardee
Introduction 193
Non-Newtonian lava rheology 194
Rates of convection heat transfer 195
Applications to lava flows 198
Conclusions 200
8 Remote sensing of active lava 203
David A. Rothery David C. Pieri
Introduction 203
Why lava flows are difficult to handle 203
What is remote sensing? 205
The physics of thermal remote sensing 207
Examples of remote sensing of active lava 211
Remote sensing strategies for observing lava flows 221
Satellite data: where to get them, what to ask for, and what they cost 225
Conclusions 229
Contents
Part III MODELLING
Preface 234
9 Modelling the rheology and cooling of lava flows 235
Michèle Dragoni
Introduction 236
The rheology of lava 237
Factors controlling rheology 240
Surface effects 247
Flow modelling 248
Isothermal flow 251
Non-isothermal flow 252
Final remarks 255
Conclusions 257
Appendix. Constitutive equation 258
10 Lava crusts, aa flow lengthening and the pahoehoe-aa
transition 263
Christopher R. J. Kilburn
Introduction 263
Lava crusts 264
Aa flow advance 267
The aa model 267
Application 1 : length and discharge rate of Etnean aa lavas 270
Application 2: advance of pahoehoe and aa lavas 270
Conclusions 275
Appendix. Lava chilling 277
11 Thermal feedback mechanisms and their potential
influence on the emplacement of lavas 281
Harry C. Hardee
Introduction 281
Viscous energy dissipation and thermal feedback in conduits 283
Thermal feedback in lava flows 285
Thermal feedback in solid flows 287
Conclusions 287
VI
Contents
12 Cellular automata methods for modelling lava flows:
simulation of the 1986-1987 eruption, Mount Etna,
Sicily 291
D. Barca, G. M. Crisci, S. Di Gregorio F. Nicoleîta
Introduction 292
Cellular automata 293
Design of the simulation 293
Implementation and methodology 296
Simulation of the 1986-87 Etnean lava flow field 297
Conclusions 301
Appendix. Cellular automata algorithms 303
13 A short introduction to continuum mechanics 311
S0ren-Aksel S0rensen
Introduction 312
Properties of continua 314
Kinematics 316
Tensors 317
Material derivatives 318
Instantaneous motion 320
Equations of motion 322
Rheology 326
Incompressible flow solutions 332
Concluding comments 335
Part IV MEDIATING
Preface 338
14 Interactions between scientists, civil authorities and the
public at hazardous volcanoes 339
Donald W. Peterson Robert I. Tilling
Introduction 340
Responsibilities of volcanologists during crises 341
Scientific studies of volcanoes: methods and motivation 342
Components of effective warning messages 345
vu
Contents
An ideal scenario 345
Departures from the ideal scenario 347
Response to volcanic crises: selected case histories 348
Conclusions 358
Index 367
vni
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:19:27Z |
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| isbn | 1857280075 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Active lavas monitoring and modelling ed. by Christopher R. J. Kilburn ... 1. publ. London UCL Press 1993 X, 374 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lave ram Lava Lava (DE-588)4166957-5 gnd rswk-swf Lava (DE-588)4166957-5 s DE-604 Kilburn, Christopher R. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005547535&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Active lavas monitoring and modelling Lave ram Lava Lava (DE-588)4166957-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4166957-5 |
| title | Active lavas monitoring and modelling |
| title_auth | Active lavas monitoring and modelling |
| title_exact_search | Active lavas monitoring and modelling |
| title_full | Active lavas monitoring and modelling ed. by Christopher R. J. Kilburn ... |
| title_fullStr | Active lavas monitoring and modelling ed. by Christopher R. J. Kilburn ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Active lavas monitoring and modelling ed. by Christopher R. J. Kilburn ... |
| title_short | Active lavas |
| title_sort | active lavas monitoring and modelling |
| title_sub | monitoring and modelling |
| topic | Lave ram Lava Lava (DE-588)4166957-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lave Lava |
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