India votes: alliance politics and minority governments in the ninth and tenth general elections
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boulder u.a.
Westview Press
1993
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 454 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0813383846 |
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| adam_text | Contents List of Tables and Figures Preface PART ONE The Ninth General Election: The Hung Parliament 1 Introduction: The Ninth General Election, Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly Notes, 13 2 Patterns of Political Mobilization in the Parliamentary and Assembly Elections of 1989 and 1990, Hamid A. Gould Congress Lost, 15 Congress Survived, 17 Analysis, 18 Anti-Incumbency, 18 The North-South Divide, 19 Vote-Share Stability and Seat Adjustments, 20 The Hindu Factor, 20 India Is Now a Multi-Party State, 22 Caste and Class, 27 Conclusion, 33 Notes, 35 3 Local Support Bases and the Ninth General Election in Bihar and Maharashtra, Harry W. Blair Bihar, 51 Continuity in Bihar, 1977-89, 51 Maharashtra, 54 Continuity in Maharashtra, 1977-89, 54
ѵш А Politics of Accountability? 56 Notes, 59 References, 63 4 The Janata Dal in the Ninth Indian Genera! Election of 1989 and Its Future Prospects, Lewis P. Ficheti, Jr. 81 Introduction, 81 Origins, 82 The Vital Importance of Seat Adjustments in the 1989 General Election, 84 Overall Factors Favoring the Janata Dal and the Other Indian Opposition Parties in 1989, 87 Special Factors Aiding the Janata Dal in Key States in the Ninth General Election, 88 Bihar, 88 Uttar Pradesh, 89 The Janata Dal in the 1989/1990 Indian State Elections, 90 The Future of the Janata Dal, 91 Notes, 95 5 Caste, Class, and Community in the Ninth General Elections for the Lok Sabha in Uttar Pradesh, Paul R. Brass Mobilizing Issues, 108 The Election Results, 109 The Critical Importance of the Muslim Vote, 113 High Muslim Population Concentration: Balrampur Constituency, 113 Medium Muslim Population Concentration: Lucknow Constituency, 116 Low Muslim Population Concentration: Hamirpur Constituency, 117 Three Strategies Towards Muslims, Hindu-Muslim Relations, and the Ram Janmabhumi Issue in the 1989 Parliamentary Elections, 118 Congress Secularism: Ideology and Practice, 118 Janata Dal and the Strategy of Placation, 120 The BJP Use of the Ram Janmabhumi Issue to Consolidate the Hindu Vote, 121 108
Is There a Hindu Vote and, If So, Who Gets It? 123 Caste, Kisan, and Poverty Politics, 125 Notes, 129 6 The Regionalization of Indian Electoral Politics, 1989-90: Punjab and Haryana, Paul Wallace One-Party to Coalition Government: Personalism to Consensus, 139 Single and Multi-State Parties, 141 Two State Case Studies, 143 Punjab, 144 Haryana, 148 Center-State Relations, 152 Conclusion, 153 Notes, 154 7 The Media and Cultural Politics, Lloyd I. Rudolph The Information Society in Post-Modernity, 160 A Conceptual Space for Cultural Politics, 161 From Positive to Imaginative Truth, 162 The Media Transformation of Indian Politics, 163 The 1989 Election and the Media, 165 Media Autonomy? 168 The Media and Hindu Identity, 171 Notes, 175 8 Women’s Politics and Land Control in an Indian Election: Lasting Influences of the Freedom Movement in North Bihar, Wendy Singer Themes of Local Politics, 183 Local Power and Landlords, 183 The Separate Campaigns by Women and Men, 188 Campaigning on Freedom Movement Terms, 193 Demonstrating Mass Support, 194 Teenage Boys and Popular Politics, 1% Anti-Corruption and Power to the People, 197 Indian Unity, Party Unity, 199 Muscle Power in Rural Politics, 200
x Conclusion, 201 Notes, 203 9 The Linkages Between Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy in the Ninth Indian General Election, Sumit Ganguly 208 Background, 208 Foreign Policy Issues, 210 The Punjab Crisis and Possible Pakistani Involvement, 210 Across the Palk Straits: Sri Lanka and the IPKF, 212 Foreign Indebtedness and Inflation, 213 An Issue Emergent: Illegal Immigration from Bangladesh, 214 Other Foreign Policy Issues, 215 Conclusions, 215 Notes, 216 PART TWO Politics After Rajiv 10 Introduction to Part Two, Harold A. Gould Sumit Ganguly 221 11 Alliance Politics and Minority Government: India at the Polls, 1989 and 1991, Robert L· Hardgrave, Jr. 225 The 1989 Elections: Rajiv Gandhi, V. P. Singh, and the Struggle for Opposition Unity, 226 The V. P. Singh Government, 228 Separatism: The Punjab, Assam, and Kashmir, 229 The Reservation Issue, 230 The Ayodhya Issue, 231 The Chandra Shekhar Government, 232 The 1991 Elections, 233 The Narasimharao Government, 236 Notes, 238 12 Participation in India’s Tenth General Election, Arthur G. Rubinoff The Impact of the Electoral System, 242 Participation in the 1989 and 1991 Elections, 243 . Notes, 250 References, 251 241
13 The Rise of the BJP and the Future of Party Politics in Uttar Pradesh, Paul R. Brass The Failure of V. P. Singh’s Strategy, 258 The Election Results, 258 Statistical Features of the Lok Sabha Elections, 1984-91: Consolidation or Fragmentation? 258 Prospects for the Future U.P. Party System, 260 The Parties and the Electorate, 263 The BJP Success: Explanation and Evaluation, 263 The Poor Performance of the Janata Dal, 265 The Future of the Congress in U.P., 265 Voting Behavior, 266 Caste and Communal Voting, 266 The Upper Caste Vote, 266; Middle Status and Backward Castes, 266; Scheduled Castes, 268; Muslims, 269; The Hindu Vote and the BJP, 271 The Sympathy Factor, 273 The Communal Factor in the 1991 Elections, 274 Consequences of Communal Riots for the Election Results, 275 Conclusion: The Future of the BJP and U.P. Politics, 275 Notes, 277 14 Mandal, Mandir, and Dalits: Melding Class with Ethnoreligious Conflict in India’s Tenth General Election, Harold A. Gould Background Data on the Tenth General Election, 293 Mandal Versus Mandir, 296 The Strategic Perspectives of the Principal Combatants, 299 The View from the Ballot Box, 301 Dalits and Muslims: Categorical Reformulation, 309 Future Prospects, 311 Notes, 315
15 Violence, Agrarian Radicalism, and the Audibility of Dissent: Electoral Politics and the Indian People’s Front, Walter Hauser Keynote, 341 Introduction, 341 Agrarian Exploitation, 343 Peasant Activism in the Past, 349 The Indian People’s Front, 351 Social Reconfiguration of the Political Process, 356 The Audibility of Dissent, 364 Notes, 368 16 Defining Women’s Politics in the Election of 1991 in Bihar, Wendy Singer The Political and the Non-Political, 382 Women Campaigners, 384 Women’s Issues, 388 Bihar’s Women’s Politics, 392 Conclusion, 3% Notes, 398 17 India’s 1991 Elections: Regional Factors in Haryana and Punjab, Paul Wallace The National Context Emerging from the Elections, 403 Haryana: Free Fair Elections, People Power, 405 People Power, 405 Leadership, 407 Local Factors, 408 The Band-Wagon Effect, 409 Punjab: Militancy and the Elections Stalemate, 409 Act I: Revival of a Political Process Non-Elections, 410 Act II: 1992 Elections and a Stalemated Political Process, 414 Conclusion, 418 Notes, 420
хш 18 The Salience of National Issues in the Tenth General Election in West Bengal, Sumit Ganguly 429 Introduction, 429 The Political Context in Bengal, 430 National Versus Local Concerns, 431 Conclusion, 434 Notes, 435 19 Why Rąjiv Gandhi’s Death Saved the Congress: How an Event Affected the Outcome of the 1991 Election in India, Uoyd I. Rudolph 436 Notes, 448 About the Book About the Editors and Contributors 455 457
Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 33 4.1 4.2 43 4.4 5.1 5.2 Composition of Lok Sabha, 1989 Ninth general election (1989): parliamentary results by province Ninth general election (1989): parliamentary results in the Hindi belt showing first, second, and third place finishes Results of 1989 assembly elections Results of 1990 assembly elections Magnitude of electoral performances in eighth and ninth general elections, 1984 1989, by the principal parties involved Popular support for Lok Sabha in Bihar,1977-1989 Popular support for Lok Sabha in Maharashtra,1977-1989 Congress party continuity in Bihar and Maharashtra, 1977-1989 Lok Sabha elections Comparison between Lok Sabha seats won by Janata Dal components in the 1984 general election and seats won by the Janata Dal in the 1989 general election by state and territory Effective electoral seat adjustments achieved by the Janata Dal and the BJP in the ninth Indian general election Effective seat adjustments in selected states by constituency Three- or four-way electoral contests in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh where opposition party won Comparison of results in constituencies with and without seat adjustments, Uttar Pradesh, 1989 Lok Sabha elections Mean vote for four main parties in contested constituencies, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 36 37 41 44 45 49 67 67 68 99 100 101 106 131 132
xvi 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 6.1 6.2 Mean vote for three main parties in contested constituencies, 1984 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Seats won and second place positions by party, 1984 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Seats won and second place positions by party, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Seats won by party and vote percent, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Number and percentage of seats won by party by Muslim population proportion, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Number and percentage of seats won by party and valid votes percentage by Muslim population proportion, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Mean party votes by region, 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Inter-party correlation matrix, 1985 and 1989 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh History of Balrampur parliamentary constituency: the party affiliation, caste/community, and percent of valid votes polled by the three leading candidates, 1952 to 1989 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 137 India’s 9th general elections: 1989 compared with1984 Parliamentary poll percentages average number of candidates per seat: 1952-1989 157 11.1 11.2 11.3 The growth of the BJP, 1984-1991 Lok Sabha elections 1991 Lok Sabha elections Party position in the Lok Sabha, March 1, 1992 239 239 240 12.1 12.2 Lok Sabha elections, 1984, a computerized analysis Electorate and votes polled 253 254 13.1 Mean vote for five main parties in contested constituencies, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Seats won and second place positions by party, 1991
parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Hypothetical number of seats won by party, with Janata Dal and SJP votes combined, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Seats won by party and vote percent, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 13.2 13.3 13.4 158 280 280 281 281
XVII 13.5 Inter-party, inter-election correlation matrix, 1991, 1989, and 1984 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 13.6 Mean party votes by region, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 13.7 Inter-party, inter-election correlation matrix, 1991, 1989, and 1984 parliamentary elections, Upper Doab 13.8 Inter-party, inter-election correlation matrix, 1991,1989, and 1984 parliamentary elections, Eastern Districts 13.9 Distribution of Uttar Pradesh population by caste and community, 1931 13.10 Mean vote shares in contested constituencies by party in reserved and non-reserved constituencies, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 13.11 Number and percentage of seats won by party by Muslim population proportion, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh Muslim population proportion 13.12 Mean percentage of votes won by party by Muslim population proportion, 1991 parliamentary elections, Uttar Pradesh 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Distribution of seats in the Lok Sabha by party and province in the ninth and tenth general elections Tenth general election results: parliament Tenth general election: finishes Tenth general election: data analysis Constituencies in which combined JD/SJD vote exceeded or approximated winning party’s vote 15.1 15.2 282 284 285 287 289 291 291 292 319 321 324 325 340 Bihar Lok Sabha results by party, tenth general election IPF performance by constituency in the tenth general election 153 Arrah Lok Sabha results by party, 1989 and 1991 15.4 Arrah results by assembly segment and party 377 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 423 424 425 17.5 17.6 National
parliamentary election results, 1991 Haryana election results: parliament state assembly Killings in Punjab, official figures, 1981-1991 Punjab election results: parliament state assembly, February 19, 1992, compared with 1985 Punjab election results: voter turnout trends Punjab election results by region: percentage of vote 19.1 Performance of parties on different polling dates 377 377 378 426 427 428 454
XVUl Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bihar: congress incumbents running in 1989 Bihar MP vote: popular support for congress, 1977-89 Bihar MP vote: popular support for the Janata fragments, 1977-89 Bihar: patterns of congress strength, 1977-89 Distribution of prominent twice born castes in Bihar,1911 Bihar: patterns of Lok Dal strength, 1977-89 Maharashtra: congress incumbents running in 1989 Maharashtra MP vote: popular support for congress, 1977-1989 Maharashtra MP vote: popular support for Janata fragments, 1977-89 Maharashtra: patterns of popular support for congress group, 1977-89 Maharashtra sugar coops: total share capital, reserves, non-refundable deposits, 1981 Maharashtra: winning MP candidates who were endorsed by the Shctkari Sanghatana 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
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| title | India votes alliance politics and minority governments in the ninth and tenth general elections |
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| title_full | India votes alliance politics and minority governments in the ninth and tenth general elections ed. by Harold A. Gould ... |
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| title_full_unstemmed | India votes alliance politics and minority governments in the ninth and tenth general elections ed. by Harold A. Gould ... |
| title_short | India votes |
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