Enterprise and technology: the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895
This is a detailed account of the British and German steel industries' performances during three decades which were marked by radical changes in technology, in sources of raw materials, and in product markets. Relying on governmental and corporate archives as well as on the contemporary trade l...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge u.a.
Cambridge Univ. Press
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This is a detailed account of the British and German steel industries' performances during three decades which were marked by radical changes in technology, in sources of raw materials, and in product markets. Relying on governmental and corporate archives as well as on the contemporary trade literature, Professor Wengenroth has drawn a meticulous picture of how managements in the two countries met the strategic problems raised by these changes. The author does not, however, merely trace technological developments; rather, he uses them as a backdrop for a contribution to the long-running debate on Britain's relative industrial decline in the late nineteenth century. Was this the result of massive entrepreneurial failure, or was if merely the by-product of evolutionary changes that bestowed automatic competitive advantage on latecomers such as the Germans? The author argues a detailed case for the latter scenario and, in doing so, makes a major contribution to the debate on the 'Great Depression'. |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 293 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0521384257 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a This is a detailed account of the British and German steel industries' performances during three decades which were marked by radical changes in technology, in sources of raw materials, and in product markets. Relying on governmental and corporate archives as well as on the contemporary trade literature, Professor Wengenroth has drawn a meticulous picture of how managements in the two countries met the strategic problems raised by these changes. The author does not, however, merely trace technological developments; rather, he uses them as a backdrop for a contribution to the long-running debate on Britain's relative industrial decline in the late nineteenth century. Was this the result of massive entrepreneurial failure, or was if merely the by-product of evolutionary changes that bestowed automatic competitive advantage on latecomers such as the Germans? The author argues a detailed case for the latter scenario and, in doing so, makes a major contribution to the debate on the 'Great Depression'. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122740627603456 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page ix
List of tables x
Preface xii
List of abbreviations xiv
Introduction 1
1 The technology of late nineteenth century steelmaking 11
1 The puddling process 12
2 Crucible steel 16
3 The Bessemer process 17
4 The Thomas process 22
5 The open hearth process 25
2 Expanding into the Slump: the railways as major customers
of the new steel industry 31
1 Sales prospects for the early Bessemer works 33
2 Economic development during the 1870s 41
3 Supply potential and market absorption 50
3 Surmounting the Slump: the individual strategies of firms 59
1 Rationalisation strategies 59
2 The Krupp case study 74
3 Rapid driving versus fuel economy 86
4 The modus operandi of the rationalisation strategies 91
5 The export safety valve 103
4 Surmounting the Slump: collective strategies 119
1 Dumping, tariffs and cartel formation in Germany 119
2 Dumping and cost accounting 129
3 The temporary recovery of the rails market in 1879 1882 134
4 The last solution: an international cartel 143
5 New processes and new markets 157
1 Basic Bessemer steel 157
2 Open hearth steel 195
vii
viii Contents
6 Efficiency and capacity for innovation 247
1 Entrepreneurial decline and steel: the British debate 247
2 Precarious protectionist measures versus entrepreneurial autonomy 266
Sources and bibliography 274
Index 285
Figures
1 The stages of the Bessemer process Page 21
2 The open hearth furnace 27
3 A Bessemer plant in the 1860s 53
4 Holley s removable bottoms 65
5 The Bochumer Verein s Bessemer plant 73
6 The American lay out for converters 75
7 The rise of productivity in Krupp s Bessemer works 85
8 Changing from reverberatory furnace to cupola furnace:
the effect on the cost function 92
9 Changing from cupola furnace to the direct process:
the effect on the cost function 93
10 Introduction of Holley s removable bottoms: the effect
on cost function 96
11 The problem solving procedure employed during
rationalisation of the Bessemer works in the 1870s 97
12 Cost functions for use of German and English pig iron
in the Ruhr 101
13 Abandoning the direct process: the effect on the cost function 103
14 The PeinerWalzwerk s Thomas works in Peine 184
15 The Steel Company of Scotland s open hearth works at
Blochairn 219
16 The open hearth works of the Bochumer Verein 220
Tables
1 Production and export of rails: Great Britain, 1871 1878 page 49
2 Analysis of the production costs for 1 ton of Bessemer steel
at Krupp s in 1873/4 82
3 Analysis of the production costs for 1 ton of Bessemer steel
at Krupp s in 1877 83
4 Comparison of the conversion costs for 1 ton of Bessemer
steel at Krupp s in 1873/4 and 1877 83
5 Conversion costs in relation to quantity of steel produced:
Krupp s, 1878 87
6 Steel conversion costs in German works in 1878 89
7 Comparative British and German production costs for Bessemer
pig iron. 1878 1879 98
8 Freight charges for iron ores from Bilbao in October 1878 99
9 Production, consumption and export of rails: Great Britain,
1870 1879 105
10 Average rails prices (ex works) and production costs in Great
Britain, 1872 1879 107
11 Consumption and export of rails: Germany, 1871 1879 113
12 Rails deliveries to the Prussian State and private railways,
1871 1879 114
13 Rail exports, 1871 1878: Britain, Germany, Belgium 115
14 Prices for Bessemer rails at the Bochumer Verein, 1874 1878 121
15 Production, export and consumption of steel rails in Great
Britain, 1879 1882 139
16 Production of steel rails in Great Britain, by district, 1879 1882 139
17 Production, export and consumption of rails: Germany,
1880 1882 141
18 Allocation of quotas in the German Railmakers Association,
1881 145
19 Allocation of quotas within the British Group of the
International Railmakers Association, 1884 151
x
Tables xi
20 The production and export of acid and basic Bessemer steel
rails: Great Britain and Germany, 1882 1886 155
21 Varying cost inducements for introducing the Thomas process
to the Ruhr in 1885 193
22 Production costs for Bessemer and open hearth ingots at
Dowlais, 1871 1880 199
23 Analysis of production costs for 1 ton of open hearth steel 199
24 Construction costs for various large open hearth furnaces 199
25 The production of open hearth steel in Great Britain and
Germany, 1873 1879 202
26 The production of open hearth steel in Great Britain and
Germany, 1881 1890 223
27 The uses of open hearth steel in Great Britain, 1879 1886 225
28 The penetration of steel in Scottish shipbuilding. 1880 1890 227
29 Open hearth steel production in Great Britain, by region,
1879 1890 229
30 Cost of production, selling prices and profits in iron and steel
plates at Consett, 1884 1886 238
31 Cost of production, selling prices and profits in iron and steel
plates at Consett, 1887 1890 239
32 Production and prices for Handelseisen according to steel
processes in Germany, 1885 1895 245
33 Production of basic Bessemer and open hearth steel in Germany,
1888 1898 (1,000 tons) 246
|
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| author | Wengenroth, Ulrich 1949- |
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| discipline | Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1865-1895 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1865-1895 |
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| spelling | Wengenroth, Ulrich 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)170296008 aut Unternehmensstrategien und technischer Fortschritt Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 Ulrich Wengenroth 1. publ. Cambridge u.a. Cambridge Univ. Press 1994 XIV, 293 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier This is a detailed account of the British and German steel industries' performances during three decades which were marked by radical changes in technology, in sources of raw materials, and in product markets. Relying on governmental and corporate archives as well as on the contemporary trade literature, Professor Wengenroth has drawn a meticulous picture of how managements in the two countries met the strategic problems raised by these changes. The author does not, however, merely trace technological developments; rather, he uses them as a backdrop for a contribution to the long-running debate on Britain's relative industrial decline in the late nineteenth century. Was this the result of massive entrepreneurial failure, or was if merely the by-product of evolutionary changes that bestowed automatic competitive advantage on latecomers such as the Germans? The author argues a detailed case for the latter scenario and, in doing so, makes a major contribution to the debate on the 'Great Depression'. Geschichte 1865-1895 gnd rswk-swf Staalindustrie gtt Geschichte Steel industry and trade Germany History Steel industry and trade Great Britain History Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd rswk-swf Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd rswk-swf Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Großbritannien Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 s Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 s Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 s Geschichte 1865-1895 z 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005513466&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wengenroth, Ulrich 1949- Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 Staalindustrie gtt Geschichte Steel industry and trade Germany History Steel industry and trade Great Britain History Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059252-2 (DE-588)4014005-2 (DE-588)4023222-0 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 |
| title_alt | Unternehmensstrategien und technischer Fortschritt |
| title_auth | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 |
| title_exact_search | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 |
| title_full | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 Ulrich Wengenroth |
| title_fullStr | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 Ulrich Wengenroth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enterprise and technology the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 Ulrich Wengenroth |
| title_short | Enterprise and technology |
| title_sort | enterprise and technology the german and british steel industries 1865 1895 |
| title_sub | the German and British steel industries, 1865 - 1895 |
| topic | Staalindustrie gtt Geschichte Steel industry and trade Germany History Steel industry and trade Great Britain History Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Staalindustrie Geschichte Steel industry and trade Germany History Steel industry and trade Great Britain History Technischer Fortschritt Eisen- und Stahlindustrie Handel Deutschland Großbritannien |
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