Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u. a.
Wiley
1989
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 236 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0470210435 8122400604 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy |c Sachinath Mitra |
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| 264 | 1 | |a New York u. a. |b Wiley |c 1989 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic, and x-ray mineralogy
Autor: Mitra, Sachinath
Jahr: 1989
Contents
Preface vü
Acknowledgements ix
1. General Optics: Interactions of light with Matter 1
1.1 Properties of Light /
1.2 Refractive Index 2
Polarisability of ions and refractive index 5
Lustre 7
Lustre and R.I. 6*
1.3 Determination of R.I. 10
1.4 Vision and Colour Sensation 14
1.5 Colour of Minerals 15
Chromopbores in minerals 16
2. Study in Polarised Light 19
2.1 Polarisation of Light 19
2.2 Nicol Polariser 20
Polarisation by absorption 20
Commercial polaroids 20
2.3 Other Uses of Polarised Light 22
2.4 The Polarising Microscope 23
2.5 Wave Properties 24
2.6 Pleochroism 26
Polarisation colour and pleochroism for mineral identification 26
2.7 Anisotropism 27
Optics and structure 28
Interference colours 29
Orders of interference colours 29
2.8 Birefringence Chart 30
2.9 Optical Indicatrix 30
Uniîxial indicatrix 30
Biaxial indicatrix 32
2.10 Extinction Angle 33
2.11 Accessory Plates 33
Calculation of phase difference 35
Use of accessory plates 35
Compensators 35
2.12 Determination of Fast/Slow Vibration Directions 36
2.13 Interference Figures 36
Uniaxial interference figure 37
xii Contents
2.14 Biaxial Interference Figures 40
Acute bisectrix (BxJ figure 40
Obtuse bisectrix (Bx„) figure 41
Optic Axis figure 41
Flash figures 41
2.15 2V Estimation 41
2.16 Dispersion 44
2.17 Universal Stage 45
The U-stage components 46
Measurement of 2V 47
Petrofabric analysis 48
2.18 Pétrographie Studies 48
Microtextures 49
Some sample studies examples 50
3. Optical (Absorption) Spectroscopic Studies of Minerals 52
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Electronic Building of Elements 52
3.3 Transition Elements 55
Transition metal ions (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)
3.4 Crystal Field Theory (CFT) 55
5.S Weak Field and Strong Field 56
3.6 CFT, MOT and VBT 58
3.7 CFT in Mineralogy: A Resume 59
3.8 Factors Controlling the Crystal Field Spectra 60
3.9 CFSE in Fe Distribution in Silicates 61
3.10 Optical Absorption Spectroscopy 61
Selection rules 62
Positions of bands 63
Intensities 63
Widths 63
Instrument used 64
3.11 Study in Polarised Spectra 64
Polarised spectra of olivines 64
Polarised spectra of orthopyroxene (hyperstbene) 66
Importance in characterisation of dubious ions in minerals 67
3.12 Colours of Minerals: Fundamentals Principles 68
Electronic processes causing colours in minerals 69
Colour centres 73
Molecular orbital transitions 74
Bond length in CT colour 75
Other molecular transitions causing colour 76
Combination of transitions 76
Meudt, tHwcwMtuciow and insulators 77
3.13 Characteristic Absorption lines of Some Gem
Minerals 79
Contents xiii
3.14 Optical Properties of Minerals due to Excitation of
Crystal Energy 79
3.15 UV Fluorescence of Minerals 83
4. Reflection Optics 85
4.1 Dielectrics and Opaques 85
4.2 Dielectrical Properties of Matter £5
4.3 Reflectance 85
4.4 Colours of Opaques 86
Band structures 87
Colour related to interband transitions 88
Absorption edge effect 88
Internal reflection 88
4.5 Colour Perception 89
4.6 Chromacity Diagram 89
4.7 Colours of Strongly Reflecting Surfaces 89
4.8 Microscopy for Opaque s Study 90
Ore microscope 91
Reflecting and interference colour 92
4.9 Mreflectance and Reflection Pleochroism 93
Internal reflection colours 93
Anisotropism 94
4.10 The Hardness 94
Set-up 95
Shapes of indentation 96
Microhardness determination 96
Scale of equivalence 96
Microbardness anisotropy 97
Microhardness variations 97
4.11 Crystal Form and Habit 97
4.12 Cleavage and Parting 98
4.13 Twinning 98
4.14 Measurement of Reflectivity 98
4.15 Reflection Spectral Dispersion 101
4.16 Studies in Reflected Light 102
4.17 Some Illustrations 103
5. Reflection Spectroscopy 107
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Laboratory Study 108
5.3 Mixtures and Modal Analysis 112
6. Infrared Spectroscopy: An Outline 114
6.1 Introduction 114
6.2 Theory 114
6.3 IR Spectrometers 115
6.4 Finger Printing 118
xiv Contents
7.
6.5 Characterisation 118
H,O bands 778
Hydroxyi of OH Groups 119
r^O OH~ Spectra in Silicate Minerals: examples
6.6 C-N-O-H Bands 122
6-7 COj- Bands 123
X-Ray Optics
7.1 Nature and Production of X-rays 126
7.2 X-ray Spectra 126
7.3 X-ray Generation 130
Fitters 130
Ma» absorption 131
7.4 Optical vs. X-ray Absorption 131
7.5 Choice of a Target 132
7.6 X-ray Diffraction 133
7.7 Bragg Law 134
7.8 Laue Pattern. 134
7.9 Powder Method 135
119
126
The Debye-Scherrer camera 135
F9m distortion cofitctkm 137
Calculation for d-»pacin» * OeB ed»e 138
7.10 line Intersities 139
7.11 Use of Standards 139
7.12 X-ray Diffractometry 140
X-ray Diffractometer 142
Powder photographs vs. diffractometer record 143
Line intensities and spectrometer charts 143
7.13 Determination of the Crystal System: Indexing
Powder Lines 147
7.14 Graphical Method of Indexing 148
7.15 Fibre Diagrams 149
7.16 Determination of Lattice Parameters 149
The Nelson-Ritey method ISO
Goniometrie determination of cell-parameter ratio 150
7.17 Searching Mineral Powder Diffraction File 150
7.18 Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Minerals 752
Mineral füe workbook 152
The data card (ASTM/JCPDS) 153
7.19 Single Crystal Methods 153
Stationary crystal: Une method 153
Scatteriagudotdr«* layer »net 756
7.20 Reciprocal Lattice 157
Contents xv
7.21 Moving Crystal Method 159
Rotation photographs 159
Oscillation photograph 160
Weissenberg camera 163
Lattice line template for Weissenberg indexing 164
Precession camera 166
Buerger precession method 166
7.22 Structure Symmetry 167
Symmetry of continuum 167
Symmetry of discontinuum and omission laws 168
7.23 Scattering Power of a Set of Atoms 770
7.24 X-ray Intensities and Atomic Ordering 171
Atomic scattering or form factor 171
Surface factor 171
Structure factor 173
Study of halite structure (NaCl, KC1 and CsCl) 174
7.25 Electron Density Distribution: A Fourier Analysis 176
Site occupancy derivation 176
7.26 Electron Diffraction 178
7.27 Neutron Diffraction 178
APPENDICES 181
Appendix I 181
Appendix II 183
Appendix III 187
Appendix IV 189
Appendix V(a) 190
Appendix V(b) 201
Author Index 221
Mineral Index 223
Subject Index 231
|
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:17:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0470210435 8122400604 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Mitra, Sachinath Verfasser aut Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy Sachinath Mitra 1. publ. New York u. a. Wiley 1989 XV, 236 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Minéralogie ram Minéraux - Propriétés optiques ram Rayons X - Diffraction ram Optical mineralogy X-rays Diffraction Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd rswk-swf Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd rswk-swf Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd rswk-swf Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 s Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 s DE-604 Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005456272&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mitra, Sachinath Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy Minéralogie ram Minéraux - Propriétés optiques ram Rayons X - Diffraction ram Optical mineralogy X-rays Diffraction Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4050331-8 (DE-588)4043650-0 (DE-588)4039457-8 |
| title | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy |
| title_full | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy Sachinath Mitra |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy Sachinath Mitra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy Sachinath Mitra |
| title_short | Fundamentals of optical, spectroscopic and X-ray mineralogy |
| title_sort | fundamentals of optical spectroscopic and x ray mineralogy |
| topic | Minéralogie ram Minéraux - Propriétés optiques ram Rayons X - Diffraction ram Optical mineralogy X-rays Diffraction Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Minéralogie Minéraux - Propriétés optiques Rayons X - Diffraction Optical mineralogy X-rays Diffraction Röntgenspektroskopie Optik Mineralogie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005456272&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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