A generation of change: a profile of America's older population
As modern medicine extends the average life span and the baby boom generation begins to approach middle age, the number of older Americans is expected to more than double in the next century. But as national trends toward early retirement and low birthrate continue, an aging American population coul...
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Russell Sage Foundation
1993
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| Schriftenreihe: | The population of the United States in the 1980s
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | As modern medicine extends the average life span and the baby boom generation begins to approach middle age, the number of older Americans is expected to more than double in the next century. But as national trends toward early retirement and low birthrate continue, an aging American population could face crises in meeting their financial and physical needs. A Generation of Change is an exceptional study of the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the older population as it is today and as it will be in the coming years. Siegel employs census and survey data from 1950 through the mid-1980s to describe a population constantly shifting in its ethnic and gender composition, geographic distribution, marital and living arrangements, health, employment, and economic status. Surprisingly, there is tremendous disparity in the quality of life among the elderly. As the elderly progress from "young old" to the "aged old" - those over 85 - sharp differences emerge as income and employment decrease and degrees of chronic illness increase. Although their average poverty rate is below that of the general population, there are dramatic levels of poverty among older women, who are far more likely than men to live alone or in institutions. Siegel analyzes the full range of characteristics for this heterogenous population and, through comparisons with other age groups as well as with the elderly of previous decades, portrays the crucial influence of social and economic conditions over the life course on the quality of later life. With our elderly population growing more numerous and long lived, accurate information about this changing group is increasingly essential. |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 647 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0871547899 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables xxi
List of Figures xxxv
1. BASIC DIMENSIONS OF AN AGING POPULATION 1
1. SEX, RACE, AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION 52
3. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY 99
4. LONGEVITY 183
5. HEALTH 240
6. MARITAL STATUS, LIVING ARRANGEMENTS, AND
INSTITUTIONALIZATION 300
7. EDUCATION, WORK, AND RETIREMENT 368
8. ECONOMIC STATUS 460
9. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 527
10. SUMMARY, PROSPECTS, AND IMPLICATIONS 576
Bibliography 601
Name Index 623
Subject Index 629
List of Tables
1.1 Population aged 65 and over and annual average in¬
crease: 1950 2050 2
1.2 Population in the older ages and decennial percent in¬
creases, for cumulative age groups: 1950 2040 10
1 3 Decennial percent increase of the population for broad
age groups: 1950 2020 13
1.4 Percent increase in persons aged 85 and over enrolled
in the Medicare program, by age and sex: January 1,
1970, 1976, and 1982 16
1.5 Illustrative estimates of the contribution of births and
deaths to the decennial percent change in the pop¬
ulation aged 60 69: 1950 2010 18
1.6 Components of increase in the population aged
85 94: 1900 1940 and 1940 1980 19
1.7 Estimates of the demographic components of change
in the population aged 65 and over: 1970 1980,
1960 1970, and 1950 1960 22
1 8 Birth rates and death rates for the population aged
65 and over: 1970 1980, 1960 1970, and 1950 1960 23
1.9 Percentage of the total population in the older ages,
for cumulative age groups: 1950 2020 26
1.10 Percent distribution of the population aged 65 and over,
by age: 1950 2020 30
111 Projections of the percentage of the population aged
65 and over, according to middle fertility, middle
immigration, and alternative assumptions of mor¬
tality: 1990 2040 33
1.12 Projections of the percentage of the population aged
65 and over, according to middle mortality, middle
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
immigration, and alternative assumptions of fertil¬
ity: 1990 2040 33
1.13 Estimates and projections of the percentage of the
population aged 65 and over, 1950 2020, and of the
percent increase in population aged 65 and over,
1965 2025, for selected areas 36
1.14 Societal age dependency ratios: 1950 2030 39
1.15 Unadjusted and adjusted societal elderly dependency
ratios: 1950 2030 41
1.16 Age at which average remaining life equals 10 or 15
years and the percentage of the total population above
this age: 1940 2030 43
1A.1 Alternative assumptions of fertility, mortality, and net
immigration employed in Census Bureau popula¬
tion projections 47
1A.2 Selected projections and derived measures relating to
the population aged 65 and over based on the two
most recent sets of Census Bureau population pro¬
jections 48
1B.1 Estimated net census percent errors for the population
aged 55 and over: 1950 1980 49
2.1 Males per 100 females for the total, black, and His¬
panic populations, by age: 1985 and 1950 53
2.2 Males per 100 females for the total and black popula¬
tions aged 60 and over, by cumulative age groups:
1950 2020 56
2.3 Decennial percent increase of the population in the
older ages, by sex and by race: 1950 2020 62
2.4 Percentage of the total population in the older ages,
by sex and by race: 1950 2030 64
2.5 Percentage aged 65 and over, for race groups and the
Hispanic population, by age: 1980 and 1950 71
2.6 Estimates of the demographic components of change
in the population aged 65 and over, by race and sex:
19 70 1980 and 1960 19 70 74
2.7 Societal elderly dependency ratios, by sex and by race:
1950 2030 76
2.8 Age at which average remaining life equals 10 or 15
years and percentage of the total population above
these ages, by race and sex: 1940 1985 77
2.9 Age at which average remaining life equals 10 or 15
years, by sex, for birth cohorts: 1900 1970 78
List of Tables
2.10 Percentage aged 65 and over, for race groups and the
Hispanic population, by nativity: 1980 and 1950 81
2.11 Percentage foreign born of the white, black, and His¬
panic populations aged 65 and over, by age: 1980
and 1950 82
2.12 Percentage foreign born of persons aged 65 and over,
by race group and Hispanic origin: 1980 and 1950 83
2.13 Percentage aged 65 and over and males per 100 fe¬
males aged 65 and over, for the foreign born popu¬
lation, by country of birth for persons immigrating
between 1970 and 1980: 1980 85
2.14 Distribution of foreign born persons, by year of im¬
migration, for selected countries of birth: 1980 86
2.15 Percentage of the foreign born population aged 55 and
over, by age, for specified countries of birth: 1970
and 1950 87
2.16 Percentage aged 65 and over and males per 100 fe¬
males aged 65 and over, by country of origin, for the
foreign stock: 1970 and 1950 88
2.17 Percentage aged 65 and over and males per 100 fe¬
males aged 65 and over, by age, for specified ances¬
try groups: 1980 89
2.18 Ability to speak English, for persons aged 65 and over
who speak a language other than English at home:
1980 90
2.19 Distribution of persons aged 65 and over, by use of
English and by language, for persons who speak a
language other than English at home: 1980 91
2A. 1 Estimated net census percent errors for the population
aged 55 and over, by age, sex, and race: 1950 1980 95
2A.2 Comparison of enumerated and adjusted sex ratios
for the population aged 55 and over, by age and race:
1980 and 1950 97
3.1 Change in the population aged 65 and over, by state:
1960 2000 100
3.2 Percentage aged 65 and over and 75 and over, by state:
1950 2000 105
3.3 Change in the population aged 75 and over, 1970 2000,
and in the population aged 85 and over, 1970 1985,
by state HO
3.4 Elderly dependency ratios, by geographic division:
1950 2000 115
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
3.5 Total, child, and elderly dependency ratios, by geo¬
graphic division: 1986 117
3.6 Estimates of the components of change in the popu¬
lation aged 65 and over, by state: 1970 1980 118
3.7 Estimates of the net migration of the population aged
65 and over, by state: 1950 1980 124
3.8 Estimated amounts and rates of net migration of per¬
sons aged 65 and over, by geographic division: 1950
1980 128
3.9 Mobility rates and migration rates, by age: 1955 1956
to 1985 1986 134
3.10 Distribution by mobility status of the population aged
65 and over and 5 and over in 1980 and 1960, by sex
and by race: 1975 1980 and 1955 1960 138
3.11 Percentage of the native population aged 30 and over
born outside the state of current residence, by age,
for all classes and blacks: 1950 1980 142
3.12 Percentage of the native population aged 45 and over
born outside the state of current residence, by age,
for regions: 1960 1980 144
3.13 Amount of interstate migration of the cohorts aged 65
and over in 1980, 1970, and 1960, by region and di¬
vision: 1975 1980, 1965 1970, and 1955 1960 146
3.14 Interstate migration rates for the cohorts aged 65 and
over in 1980, 1970, and 1960, by region and divi¬
sion: 1975 1980, 1965 1970, and 1955 1960 148
3.15 Inmigration, outmigration, and net migration rates of
the cohorts aged 65 and over in 1985, 1980, 1970,
and 1960, by region: 1955 1960 to 1980 1985 150
3.16 Inmigration, outmigration, and net migration for the
cohorts aged 65 and over in 1980, for states, divi¬
sions, and regions: 1975 1980 152
3.17 Mobility and migration rates of older men and women,
by labor force status: 1980 1985 and 1965 1970 155
3.18 Median income of interstate migrants aged 65 and over
and index of net income gain or loss, by state: 1980 157
3.19 Distribution of the population aged 65 and over, by
urban and rural residence and size of place, and per¬
centage aged 65 and over of total population, for
whites, blacks, and Hispanics: 1980 and 1970 164
3.20 Distribution of the population aged 65 and over, by
metropolitan residence and size of metropolitan area,
and percentage aged 65 and over of the total popu
List of Tables
lation, for whites, blacks, and Hispanics: 1980 and
1970 166
3.21 Age specific net migration rates of persons aged 55 and
over, by age, for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
parts of regions: 1965 1970 and 1975 1980 173
3.22 Projected percent changes in the elderly population of
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan parts of regions,
assuming 1965 1970 and 1975 1980 rates for age
specific migration streams: 1980 2030 174
3.23 Measures of residential clustering of the population
aged 65 and over within 60 major SMSAs combined:
1980 and 1970 177
4.1 Life expectancy at various ages, by sex and race: 1929
1931 to 1985 184
4.2 Increase in life expectancy at selected ages, by sex and
race: 1930 1954 and 1954 1985 186
4.3 Proportion surviving from birth to age 65 and from
age 65 to age 80, by sex and race: 1929 1931 to 1985 188
4.4 Average years lived in the age interval under 65 years
and 65 80 years, by sex and race: 1929 1931 to 1985 190
4.5 Death rates for the population aged 55 and over, by
age: 1940 1985 192
4.6 Changes in age specific death rates, age specific sur¬
vival rates, and the age pattern of death rates: 1968
1984 195
4.7 Ratios of male to female death rates for the popula¬
tion aged 55 and over, by age and race: 1930 1985 200
4.8 Ratios of black to white death rates for the population
aged 55 and over, by age and sex: 1930 1985 203
4.9 Estimated age of crossover of death rates for whites
and blacks: 1929 1931 to 1985 204
4.10 Death rates for the 10 leading causes of death for the
population aged 55 and over, by age: 1985 207
4.11 Ratios of male to female death rates for the 10 leading
causes of death for the population aged 65 and over,
by age: 1988 and 1978 210
4.12 Ratios of black to white death rates for the 10 leading
causes of death for the population aged 65 and over,
by age: 1988 and 1978 212
4.13 Gain in life expectancy at birth and at age 65, in years,
due to elimination of various causes of death, by race
and sex: 1979 1981 and 1969 1971 214
4.14 Probability at birth and at age 65 of eventually dying
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
from varous causes, by race and sex: 1979 1981 and
1969 1971 216
4.15 Variation in life expectancy at birth and at age 65, by
race and sex, for states: 1979 1981 and 1959 1961 220
4.16 Social Security Administration projections of life ex¬
pectancy at birth and at age 65 for males and fe¬
males: 1983 2050 227
4.17 Census Bureau projections of life expectancy at birth
and at age 65 for males and females: 1982 2050 228
4A.1 Comparison of actual values for average remaining
lifetime and average years in age interval with val¬
ues projected by the Social Security Administration:
1982 1983. 232
4B.1 Death rates for the 10 leading causes of death for males
and females aged 55 and over, by age, 1988, and per¬
cent changes, 1978 1988, 1968 1978, and 1954 1968 236
5.1 Selected health indicators for the population in broad
age groups, by sex and by race: 1982 242
5.2 Annual average incidence rate for acute conditions for
persons aged 55 and over, by type of condition, sex,
age, and race: 1982 1984 244
5.3 Annual average prevalence ratio for selected chronic
conditions for persons aged 55 and over, by type of
condition, sex, age, and race: 1982 1984 246
5.4 Annual average prevalence ratio for selected impair¬
ments for persons aged 55 and over, by type of im¬
pairment, sex, age, and race: 1982 1984 248
5.5 Annual average percent distribution of the population
aged 55 and over by degree of activity limitation due
to chronic conditions, according to sex, age, and race:
1983 1984 249
5.6 Selected measures of disability for blacks and whites
aged 45 64: 1969 and 1981 255
5.7 Percentage of the older population reporting a work
disability, by sex: 1970, 1982, and 1984 1985 260
5.8 Percentage of the older population reporting a work
disability, by race, sex, and work status: 1970, 1982,
and 1984 1985 261
5.9 Percentage of the noninstitutional population aged 65
and over with difficulties of mobility, by type of dif¬
ficulty, sex, and age: 1984 263
5.10 Percentage of the noninstitutional population aged 65
and over with ADL limitations, by sex and age: 1982 264
List of Tables
5.11 Percentage of the population aged 60 69 and 80 and
over with a specified number of chronic conditions
that is receiving help or having difficulty with one
activity or more of daily living, by sex and age: 1984 267
5.12 Estimates and projections of the noninstitutional pop¬
ulation aged 65 and over with ADL limitations:
1980 2040 268
5.13 Average number of physician and dentist contacts per
person per year, by broad age group: 1964 1982 274
5.14 Average number of physician contacts per person per
year for broad age groups, by sex, by race, and by
family income: 1982 275
5.15 Average number of physician contacts per person, by
sex, age, race, and respondent assessed health sta¬
tus: 1982 1984 276
5.16 Percentage of persons aged 65 and over with last phy¬
sician contact two or more years earlier, by sex, by
race, and by family income: 1982 276
5.17 Hospital utilization rates for broad age groups, by sex:
1982 278
5.18 Percent distribution of the population aged 65 and over
by number of short stay hospital episodes, by sex,
by race, and by family income: 1982 280
5.19 Distribution of residents in nursing homes and per¬
sonal care homes by broad age group, by sex, and by
race: 1969, 1977, and 1985 282
5.20 Percentage of nursing home residents aged 65 and over
having various dysfunctions, by age group: 1985 and
1977 285
5.21 Projections of nursing home residents aged 65 and over,
by broad age group: 1985 2040 287
5.22 Health indicators for low income group (less than
,000) and high income group ( ,000 and over)
aged 65 and over and 45 64: 1979 1980 291
5.23 Percentage of the population aged 45 and over report¬
ing selected health practices, by age group, 1983, and
relative changes in the percentage, 1977 1983 294
5.24 Percentage of men and women aged 45 and over
smoking cigarettes, by sex and race: 1965 1983 295
5.25 Percentage overweight, with elevated blood pressure,
and with elevated serum cholesterol, for the popu¬
lation aged 45 74, by broad age group, sex, and race:
1976 1980 296
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
6.1 Marital distribution of the population aged 15 and over,
by broad age group and sex: 1985 and 1950 301
6.2 Marital distribution of the population aged 65 and over,
by age and sex: 1950 1980 304
6.3 Period and cohort generalized age cycles for percent¬
ages married, by sex: 1940 1980 308
6.4 Period and cohort generalized age cycles for percent¬
ages widowed, by sex: 1940 1980 309
6.5 Percent distribution of husbands aged 55 and over, by
age of wife, and of wives aged 55 and over, by age of
husband: 1984 310
6.6 Comparative mortality of older married men and
women, by age: 1979 1981, 1959 1961, and 1949
1951 312
6.7 Excess of unmarried women aged 65 and over, over
unmarried men aged 65 and over: 1950 2020 313
6.8 Comparative mortality of older persons according to
marital status, by age and sex: 1979 1981 and 1949
1951 314
6.9 Percent distribution by family status of the popula¬
tion aged 65 and over, by sex: 1960 and 1985 315
6.10 Living arrangements of the population aged 65 and over,
by age and sex: 1960 and 1985 318
6.11 Estimates and projections of households maintained
by persons aged 55 and over, by age: 1950 2000 322
6.12 Percent distribution of households by type, for house¬
holds maintained by persons aged 55 and over, by
age group: 1960, 1985, and 2000 324
6.13 Percentage of all households maintained by persons
aged 55 and over, by age: 1950 2000 327
6.14 Percentage of all households with householders aged
65 and over, by age and type of household: 1985,
1980, and 1960 328
6.15 Estimates of households with members aged 65 and
over, by number of elderly members: 1985, 1980, and
1950 329
6.16 Mean age at which selected critical life events oc¬
curred for ever married white mothers born 1900
1949, by birth cohort: June 1975 331
6.17 Measures of the marital life cycle of men and women,
for selected birth cohorts: 1898 1902 to 1948 1950 332
6.18 Familial aged dependency ratios, by race and number
of older generations: 1930 2030 337
List of Tables
6.19 Relative survival of women from parenthood to old
age and of newborn girls to middle age, according to
generation life tables for birth years 1900 1950
(mothers) and 1925 1975 (daughters) 338
6.20 Familial dependency ratios with three generations:
1950 2030 339
6.21 Percentage of the population aged 55 and over in in¬
stitutions, by age and sex: 1950 1980 350
6.22 Population aged 65 and over in institutions, by age,
sex, and race/Hispanic origin: 1950 1980 352
6.23 Marital distribution of men and women aged 65 and
over and 75 and over in institutions: 1980 353
6.24 Population aged 65 and over in institutions, by type
of institution and age of resident: 1950 1980 354
6A.I Percentages married and widowed of the population
aged 25 years and over, by age and sex: 1940 1980 364
6A.2 Average period and cohort age to age relative changes
for proportions married and widowed, by sex: 1940
1980 366
7.1 Percentage of high school graduates for birth cohorts,
by sex: 1950 1980 370
7.2 Projections of the percentage of male and female high
school graduates aged 55 and over, by age: 1980
2020 371
7.3 Percentage of the population aged 60 and over with
high functional illiteracy, by age, sex, and race/
Spanish origin: 1980 and 1950 373
7.4 Percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population
aged 45 and over in the labor force, by age and sex:
1950 1985 375
7.5 Percent change in the labor force participation ratios
of the population aged 45 and over, by age and sex:
1950 1985 376
7.6 Period and cohort generalized age cycles for labor force
participation ratios of the population aged 45 and
over, by sex: 1950 1985 38/
7.7 Labor force participation ratios for older men and
women in selected More Developed Countries, by
age: 1950, 1980, and 2000 383
7.8 Percentage unemployed in the civilian labor force, by
sex and age: 1950 1985 386
7.9 Comparison of economic activity status during the year
preceding the decennial census and during the cen
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
sus labor force reference week, for men and women
aged 55 64 and 65 and over: 1960, 1970, and 1980 390
7.10 Net and gross labor force mobility rates, for men and
women aged 45 and over, by age: 1979 1980 392
7.11 Civilian male and female labor force and participation
ratios for selected ages, actual and projected: 1975,
1985, and 1995 404
7.12 Percentage rural farm of the total labor force and of
the general population aged 65 69, by sex and race:
1940 1980 406
7.13 Labor force participation ratios of whites and other races
aged 45 and over, by sex and age: 1955 and 1985 407
7.14 Labor force participation ratios of the population aged
45 and over, by marital status, sex, and age: 1955
1983 410
7.15 Index of variation in labor force participation ratios,
by years of school completed at the older ages: 1950
and 1980 412
7.16 Percent decline in labor force participation ratios for
10 year birth cohorts, by sex, age, and years of school
completed: 1940 1950 to 1970 1980 414
7.17 Occupational distribution of the population aged 65
and over, by sex: 1950 and 1980 416
7.18 Occupational distribution of the labor reserve aged 65
and over, by sex: 1970 418
7.19 Cohort percent declines in LFPR, for men and women
aged 45 and over, by age: 1950 1985 425
7.20 Percentage of workers aged 62 and over eligible for re¬
tired worker benefits with benefits in current pay¬
ment status, by age group and sex: 1960 1980 427
7.21 Total life expectancy, worklife expectancy, and non
worklife expectancy at age 20 and age 50, by sex:
1940 to 1979 1980 432
7.22 Worklife expectancy and percentage of life economi¬
cally active for the population at selected ages, by
sex and years of school completed: 1979 1980 435
7.23 Adult and elderly economic dependency ratios, by sex:
1950 2030 439
7.24 Economic dependency ratios, by broad age group: 1955
2030 443
7A.1 Calculation of projections of the percentage of high
school graduates aged 55 and over, by age and sex:
1980 2020 455
List of Tables
7B.1 Percentage of the population aged 45 and over in the
labor force, by age and sex: 1950 1980 457
7B.2 Period and cohort generalized age cycles for labor force
participation ratios, by sex: 1940 1980 458
7C.1 Comparability ratios for major occupational groups:
1980/1970 459
8.1 Median income for age groups as a ratio of the median
for all ages combined, for males: 1950 1980 461
8.2 Median income for age groups as a ratio of the median
for all ages combined, for females: 1950 1980 462
8.3 Period and cohort generalized age cycles for the me¬
dian income of persons, by sex: 1950 1980 466
8.4 Median income of families with householders aged 65
and over, by type of family, and of unrelated indi¬
viduals aged 65 and over, by sex: 1950 1985 468
8.5 Percentages of low income and high income house¬
holds with householders aged 65 years and over, by
race: 1985 472
8.6 Median income of families with white and black
householders aged 65 and over, by type of family,
and of white and black unrelated individuals aged
65 and over, by sex: 1970 1985 476
8.7 Percentage of persons below the poverty level, by sex,
broad age group, and race/Spanish origin: 1985 480
8.8 Percentage of persons aged 65 and over below the pov¬
erty level, by race and family status: 1959 1984 481
8.9 Percentage of unrelated individuals aged 65 and over
below the poverty level, by living arrangements and
race: 1984 482
8.10 Percentage of families with householders aged 65 and
over below the poverty level, by race/Spanish ori¬
gin: 1959 1985 483
8.11 Percentage of persons aged 65 and over below the pov¬
erty level and below 125 percent of the poverty level,
by family status and race/Spanish origin: 1985 485
8.12 Percentage of the nonpoor who fell into poverty in each
period of retirement, by marital status of the wife
and pension status of the husband: 1969 1979 486
8 13 Percentage of total income recipients and relative me¬
dian income, by type of income, for families with
householders aged 65 and over and unrelated indi¬
viduals aged 65 and over: 1984 488
8.14 Median income of families with householders aged 65
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
and over, by type of family, and of unrelated indi¬
viduals aged 65 and over, by sex, according to work
experience of householder or unrelated individual:
1984 494
8.15 Median income of families with householders aged 65
and over, and of persons aged 65 and over, by sex,
according to years of school completed and work ex¬
perience of householder or person: 1984 496
8.16 Various comparative measures of expected lifetime
earnings in 1979, by sex, years of school completed,
and work experience 498
8.17 Median family income per person for families with
householders aged 65 and over, by type of family
and race of householder: 1960 1985 503
8.18 Percentage of elderly households receiving specified
noncash benefits, by type of benefit: 1984 506
8.19 Median net worth, by age of householder and monthly
household income: 1984 510
8.20 Distribution of net worth by type of asset, by age of
householder: 1984 512
8.21 Percentage of households owning selected assets, by
age of householder: 1984 514
8.22 Relative annual expenditures for consumer units, by
age of householder: 1984 and 1972 1973 519
8.23 Ratio of expenditures to income for urban consumer
units, by age of householder: 1984, 1980 1981, and
1972 1973 529
8.24 Percent distribution of average annual expenditures by
budget item, for all consumer units, for selected
householder ages: 1984 520
8.25 Percent distribution of average annual expenditures by
budget item, for urban consumer units, for house¬
holders aged 65 and over: 1972 1973, 1980 1981,
and 1984 521
8.26 Relative annual expenditures by budget item, for con¬
sumer units, for householders aged 65 and over: 1984 523
9.1 Home ownership, by age of householder: 1960 1987 530
9.1 Comparison of period and cohort age to age shifts in
percentage of home ownership: 1960 1984 532
9.3 Home ownership for households maintained by per¬
sons aged 65 and over, by urban rural and metropol¬
itan residence and region: 1980 534
9.4 Home ownership for households maintained by per
xxxii
List of Tables
sons aged 65 and over, by region and race/Spanish
origin: 1980 535
9.5 Home ownership for households maintained by per¬
sons aged 65 and over, by detailed race/Spanish ori¬
gin of householder: 1980 538
9.6 Home ownership for older householders, by sex, age,
and living arrangements of householder: 1980 539
9.7 Value of owner occupied housing units, by type of
household and age of householder: 1980 540
9.8 Median housing costs as a percentage of household in¬
come for older householders, by age and sex of
householder and housing tenure: 1980 542
9.9 Median housing costs as a percentage of household in¬
come, for male and female elderly householders, by
selected householder ages, housing tenure, and
household income: 1980 544
9.10 Annual owner costs distribution of owner occupied
housing units, by type of household and age of
householder: 1980 548
9.11 Annual gross rent distribution of renter occupied
housing units, by type of household and age of
householder: 1980 550
9.12 Distribution by year structure built of occupied hous¬
ing units, for householders aged 55 and over, by sex
and age: 1980 554
9.13 Percentage of older persons in occupied housing units
lacking a telephone and complete kitchen facilities,
by sex and age of householder and housing tenure:
1980 557
9.14 Percentage of occupied housing units maintained by
persons aged 65 and over lacking selected facilities,
by type of residence: 1980 558
9.15 Percentage of occupied housing units maintained by
persons aged 65 and over lacking selected facilities,
by region and type of residence: 1980 560
9.16 Percentage of occupied housing units maintained by
persons aged 65 and over lacking selected facilities,
by detailed race/Spanish origin of householder: 1980 563
9.17 Percentage of occupied housing units maintained by
persons aged 65 and over lacking a central heating
system or air conditioning, by race/Spanish origin of
householder and region: 1980 565
9.18 Percentage of occupied housing units maintained by
xxxiii
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
persons aged 65 years and over lacking a telephone,
by detailed race/Spanish origin of householder: 1980 566
9.19 Percentage of white out movers who were replaced by
blacks and percentage of black in movers who re¬
placed whites, by age of householder: 1967 1971 570
10.1 Selected characteristics of persons aged 65 69 and 85
and over: 1970 and 1980 578
10.2 State variations in the demographic, social, and eco¬
nomic characteristics of persons aged 85 and over:
1980 580
10.3 Demographic parameters of the U.S. population in 2050
under various assumptions of fertility, mortality, and
net immigration 586
xxxiv
List of Figures
1.1 Comparison of various measures of population aging
in the form of indexes: 1920 2020 7
1.2 Decennial percent increase of the population aged 65
and over: 1950 2050 14
1.3 Percentage of the total population in the older ages:
1930 2030 27
1.4 Societal age dependency ratios: 1950 2030 40
2.1 Males per 100 females for all races and blacks, by age,
for 1985 and for the birth cohorts of 1980 1985 55
2.2 Males per 100 females in the older ages: 1930 2030 60
2.3 Percentage of the total population aged 65 and over,
by sex: 1930 2030 61
2.4 Percentage of the total population aged 65 and over,
by race: 1930 2030 66
2A.1 Comparison of enumerated and adjusted sex ratios
for the total and black populations, by age: 1980 98
3.1 Percentage aged 65 and over of the total population of
states: 1985 108
3.2 Mobility status of the population aged 65 and over and
5 and over in 1985 and 1960: 1980 1985 and 1955
1960 136
3.3 Age patterns of mobility for men and women aged 50
and over, by type of mobility: 1975 1980 140
3.4 Index of net median income gain or loss through in¬
terstate migration: 1979 160
3.5 Nonmetropolitan counties with one sixth or more of
the total population aged 65 and over: 1980 169
3.6 Nonmetropolitan retirement counties: 1980 171
4.1 Average remaining lifetime at birth, age 65, age 75,
xxxv
A GENERATION OF CHANGE
and age 80: 1929 1931, 1939 1941, 1954, 1968, and
1985 185
4.2 Death rates for the population aged 55 and over, by
age: 1950 1985 193
4.3 Percentage of a cohort of white female births surviv¬
ing to each later age, according to current life ta¬
bles: 1890 2050 197
5.1 Percentage of the noninstitutional population aged 65
and over reporting public transportation disability,
by state: 1980 258
5.2 Percentage of the noninstitutional population aged 65
and over who have difficulty with instrumental ac¬
tivities of daily living, by type of activity and age:
1984 265
5.3 Percentage of the noninstitutional population aged 65
and over who have difficulty with personal care ac¬
tivities of daily living, by type of activity and age:
1984 266
6.1 Distribution of the male and female populations aged
65 and over, by marital status: 1988 and 1950 303
6.2 Living arrangements of the population aged 65 74 and
75 and over: 1960 1985 319
7.1 Percentage of the male and female populations in the
civilian labor force, by age: 1985 377
7.1 Percentage of the male population aged 55 and over in
the civilian labor force, by age: 1950 1985 378
7.3 Percentage of the female population aged 55 and over
in the civilian labor force, by age: 1950 1985 379
7.4 Economic dependency ratios, by age: 1950 2030 444
8.1 Ratio of median income for families with household¬
ers aged 65 and over to median income for all fam¬
ilies: 1960 1985 470
8.2 Type of income of the older population, by age of re¬
cipient: 1986 490
8.3 Mean assets and type of asset of retirement history
study respondents, by marital status and sex: 1975,
1971, and 1969 517
9.1 Median housing costs as a percentage of household in¬
come, for elderly households, by age and sex of
householder and housing tenure: 1980 546
xxxvi
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Siegel, Jacob S. |
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| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.26/0973 |
| dewey-search | 305.26/0973 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.26 3973 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | États-Unis - Statistiques démographiques USA United States Population Statistics |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:16:32Z |
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| series2 | The population of the United States in the 1980s |
| spelling | Siegel, Jacob S. Verfasser (DE-588)129056324 aut A generation of change a profile of America's older population Jacob S. Siegel New York Russell Sage Foundation 1993 XXXVI, 647 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The population of the United States in the 1980s As modern medicine extends the average life span and the baby boom generation begins to approach middle age, the number of older Americans is expected to more than double in the next century. But as national trends toward early retirement and low birthrate continue, an aging American population could face crises in meeting their financial and physical needs. A Generation of Change is an exceptional study of the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the older population as it is today and as it will be in the coming years. Siegel employs census and survey data from 1950 through the mid-1980s to describe a population constantly shifting in its ethnic and gender composition, geographic distribution, marital and living arrangements, health, employment, and economic status. Surprisingly, there is tremendous disparity in the quality of life among the elderly. As the elderly progress from "young old" to the "aged old" - those over 85 - sharp differences emerge as income and employment decrease and degrees of chronic illness increase. Although their average poverty rate is below that of the general population, there are dramatic levels of poverty among older women, who are far more likely than men to live alone or in institutions. Siegel analyzes the full range of characteristics for this heterogenous population and, through comparisons with other age groups as well as with the elderly of previous decades, portrays the crucial influence of social and economic conditions over the life course on the quality of later life. With our elderly population growing more numerous and long lived, accurate information about this changing group is increasingly essential. Bejaarden gtt Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Conditions sociales Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Statistiques Vieillissement de la population - États-Unis Statistik Age distribution (Demography) United States Aged United States Statistics Older people United States Statistics Older people United States Social conditions Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd rswk-swf États-Unis - Statistiques démographiques USA United States Population Statistics USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4056995-0 Statistik gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 s Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005424742&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Siegel, Jacob S. A generation of change a profile of America's older population Bejaarden gtt Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Conditions sociales Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Statistiques Vieillissement de la population - États-Unis Statistik Age distribution (Demography) United States Aged United States Statistics Older people United States Statistics Older people United States Social conditions Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001446-0 (DE-588)4077575-6 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4056995-0 |
| title | A generation of change a profile of America's older population |
| title_auth | A generation of change a profile of America's older population |
| title_exact_search | A generation of change a profile of America's older population |
| title_full | A generation of change a profile of America's older population Jacob S. Siegel |
| title_fullStr | A generation of change a profile of America's older population Jacob S. Siegel |
| title_full_unstemmed | A generation of change a profile of America's older population Jacob S. Siegel |
| title_short | A generation of change |
| title_sort | a generation of change a profile of america s older population |
| title_sub | a profile of America's older population |
| topic | Bejaarden gtt Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Conditions sociales Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Statistiques Vieillissement de la population - États-Unis Statistik Age distribution (Demography) United States Aged United States Statistics Older people United States Statistics Older people United States Social conditions Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bejaarden Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Conditions sociales Personnes âgées - États-Unis - Statistiques Vieillissement de la population - États-Unis Statistik Age distribution (Demography) United States Aged United States Statistics Older people United States Statistics Older people United States Social conditions Alter Soziale Situation États-Unis - Statistiques démographiques USA United States Population Statistics |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005424742&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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