Liability for negligence and judicial discretion:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berkeley
Univ. of California
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | International and Area Studies <Berkeley, Calif.>: Research series
82 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 458 S. |
| ISBN: | 0877257027 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | FRANCESCO PARISI
Liability for Negligence and Judicial
Discretion
Second Edition
FOREWORD BY PETER STEIN
INTERNATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
University of California at Berkeley
Table of Contents
Foreword vii
Acknowledgments xxiii
Negligence and Discretion: A General Evaluation 1
Rules of Negligence and Standards of Liability 3
Social Standards, Models of Behavior and the Difficult Paradigm of
Fault Liability 6
The Single-Rule Approach to Civil Liability 11
Principle of Fault and Normative Goals 13
The Temporally Distinct Functions of the Rule of Negligence 75
In Search ofCryptotypes and Synecdoches in the Principle of Fault 19
PART ONE
Origins and Growth of the Notion of Liability Based
Upon Fault
Communal Responsibility in Ancient Law 25
Irrelevance of Subjective Factors in Early Law and tiie Notion of
Communal Responsibility 26
A Pragmatic View 33
Original Grounds of Delictual Liability 35
Insurer s Liability as Gratification for the Victim 36
Victim s Participation in the Law s Enforcement: From Personal
Vindication to Judicial Process 37
The Compensatory and Punitive Nature of the Lex Talionis 39
Liability Rules and Judicial Discretion in the Early Development of the
Law of Wrongs 40
Implications of Communal Responsibility in Ancient Law of Wrongs 42
xvi * Table of Contents
Contractual Agreements as Early Substitutes for the Punishment for
Wrongs 44
Tlie Subsequent Role of Custom in tlie Process of Composition 46
The Progressive Harmonization Between Conduct Rules and Decision
Rules in tlie Judicial Process 49
The Dichotomy of Culpa in the Roman Heritage 50
Commutative Justice at the Origin of Criminal and Civil Remedies 51
Toward a Distinction Between Punishment and Compensation 53
The Law of Delicts in the Twelve Tables 54
The Lex Aquilia: The Damnum Iniuria Datum 57
From Iniuria to Culpa 60
The Bonus Paterfamilias 64
The Correlated Growth of the Notion of Culpa and of Aims of
Compensation 66
Aims of Deterrence in the Roman Law of Wrongs 68
The Objective Nature of Culpa 69
Objective Theory of Culpa: Some Cases 72
The Equitable Individualization of Liability 76
Fault and Guilt in t/ie Process ofSubjectivization 79
The Difficulty of a Generalization 81
Tlie Medieval Distinctions 84
The Work of tlie Glossators on the Notion of Culpa 87
The Subjectivization of Fault and the Theoretical Unification of
Liability 90
Diligentia and Negligent ia in the System of tlie Glossa 91
Culpa Lata and Diligentia Quam Suis 92
Individualization and Objectivity in Accursius Balancing Approach 94
Utrumque Ius: The Two Forces of the Ius Commune 96
The Decretum ofGratian and the Cultural Force of the New Canonical
Science 97
Table of Contents * xvii
Utrumque Ius: Canon Law and Civil Law as Formants of the Ius
Commune 101
The Concept of Fault in Medieval Canon and Civil Law 104
The Subsequent Evolution o) the Notion oj CivilLiability in the
Tradition of Canon Law 105
Fault and Judicial Discretion: Tlie Subjective Elements of the
Wrong 108
Scholastic Philosophy and Legal Humanism 111
The Aristotelian and Thomistic Doctrine of Delictual Liability: The
Gestating Womb of the Principle of Fault 113
The Departure from tlie System of tlie Glossa: The Work of the
Commentators on the Notion of Culpa 117
Bartolus System 118
Legal Humanism and the Reaction Against the Bartolistic Method 120
The Crisis of the Mos Italicus 122
Discontinuity in tlie Scuola Culta 124
Donellus WorkofSystematization and Rationalization 127
Culpa as Foreseeable but Unforeseen Harm 128
The Formative Elements of the Principle of Compensation 131
Toward the New Era 135
PART TWO
The Principle of Fault in the Modern Codifications
The Intellectual Formants of the Modern Codifications 139
Elements of Continuity in the Transition to the New Era 140
Tlie Schools of Natural Law 142
Grotius Paradigm of Civil Liability 143
Fault, Imputability, and Blameworthiness in the Assessment of
Liability: Grotius Principle of Compensation 145
xviii * Table of Contents
The Unstable Coupling of the Principle of Fault and Equitable
Decision-Making 147
Rights and Remedies in the Law of Negligence 149
The Tentative Definition of the Principle of Fault in the Works of
Domat andPothier 151
The Modern Codifications 154
Neminem Laedere and the French Codification 157
The Ideal of Neminem Laedere at the Basis of the French General
Formula of Liability 158
Noble Origins and Interpretative Difficulties of Article 1382 759
Discontinuity in the French Tradition: German Influence on the
Interpretation of Neminem Laedere 767
Doctrinal Declamations on Fault Liability: The Return to the Tradition
of Domat andPothier 164
QuiSuoIure UtiturNeminemLaedit 765
The Uncertain Boundaries of the Principle of Fault 765
Unlawfulness and Culpability in die System of Planiol and Savatier 170
Cryptotypes and Synecdoches in the French System: General Formulae
and Operational Rules 173
The Subjective Element of the Principle of Fault Between Objectivity
and Individualization 775
Statutes and Case Law in the Formulation oftfie Rule of Negligence 181
Unlawfulness and Culpability in the German Approach 184
Individual Freedom and Liability 756
Unlawfulness andFaultinessin the Assessment of Liability 759
Practical Problems in Distinguishing Between the Subjective and
Objective Elements 792
The Doctrine of Culpa in the German Law of Civil Liability 194
The Claimed Objectivity of the Notion of Negligence 796
Internal and External Care: The Double Path of the German Notion of
Negligence 795
Table of Contents • xix
Conduct Rules and Decision Rules in the German Standards of
Liability 200
The Criterion of Efficient Behavior in tlie Evaluation of Negligence 204
Judicial Discretion and the Safety Valve of tlie German Negligence
Process 205
PART THREE
Judicial Evaluation of Negligence in the
Common Law Tradition
The Paradigm of the Reasonable Person in the Common
Law 213
Standards of Conduct and Judicial Assessment of Negligence 273
Objective Versus Individualized Parameters 276
From the First Cases to a General Principle of Liability 277
Specific Activities and Generic Activities: Single Rule with Different
Standards? 227
Evolution oftfie Criteria Used in the Judicial Evaluation of Negligence
in the Common Law Tradition 224
Role of Customs in the Evaluation of Negligence 226
The TJ Hooper Case 225
From Reasonableness to Paradigms of Rationality 232
Tlie Magnitude of tlie Risk: The Stocastic Element of tlie Formula of
Liability 234
Social Value of the Risk-Creating Activity: An Unspoken Element of
the Paradigm of Liability? 237
The Learned Hand Formula of Negligence 235
Hand Formula and Calculus of Risk 247
Tlie Balancing of Interests: The Utility of the Conduct in the Carroll
Towing Case 243
Difficulties in tlie Enforcement of the Hand Formula 247
xx • Table of Contents
The Hand Formula: Between Individualized and Abstract Standards 248
The Average Standard in Non-Average Situations 253
The Abstraction of the Initial Definitions 254
Towards More Individualized Evaluations 257
Mental Ability of the Tortfeasor 258
Relevance of Physical Handicaps in the Judicial Evaluation of
Negligence 265
Relevance of the Tortfeasor s Age in tlie Judicial Evaluation of
Negligence 277
Ignorance and False Knowledge of Facts in the Judicial Evaluation of
Negligence 277
Skills and Above-Average Knowledge in the Evaluation of
Negligence 250
Further Refinement of the Learned Hand Formula of Negligence:
Awareness of the Risk and Cost of Discovery 257
An Overview 259
Negligence Liability in the Louisiana Civil Law Tradition 290
Origins of the Code: A Mixed Ancestry 297
The Fight for Codification 294
From tlie Digest of 1808 to the Present Civil Code 298
The Evolution of Liability Rules in the Codifications of Louisiana: The
Core Principle of Fault 303
The Evolution of Vicarious Liability in Louisiana: A Paradigm of Fault
Without Culpability 306
The Balancing of Risk and Prevention: The Principle of Fault in
Louisiana 379
The Sphere of Duty: Protected and Unprotected Interests 323
Unspoken Elements of the Principle of Fault in Louisiana 325
Louisiana Law of Torts: A Case Law Approach in a Mixed
Jurisdiction 337
Table of Contents • xxi
PARTFOUR
Principle of Fault and the Judicial Enforcement of the
Rule of Negligence
Negligence and Individuality 341
Subjective versus Objective Negligence 343
The Difficult Task of Judicial Decision-Making 353
A Dramatic Clioice? 355
The Subjective Elements of the Rule of Negligence 357
Individuality in tlie Enforcement of the Rule of Negligence 359
The Objectivity of the Standard 367
Objective Fault, Imputability, and Foreseeability 363
Imputability and Free Will 365
Objective Fault and Foreseeability 366
The Foreseeability Test: One More Word on the Latent Gaps of
Negligence Rules 365
Uses and Limits of the Notion of Rational Behavior 370
Legalism and Formalism in the Law of Negligence 373
The Rules that Guide Decision-Making in Negligence Cases 375
Legalism and Formalism in the Process of Conceptualization of
Liability 379
Judicial Interpretation and the Doctrine of Precedent: The
Separation-of-Powers Folklore 357
Judicial Discretion and the Dogma of Certainty in the Law of
Negligence 356
Significance of Case Law and Doctrines of Precedent in the Law of
Negligence 394
Deductive Reasoning and Discretion 396
Rules and Equitable Concerns in Judicial Interpretation 400
The Limits of Deductive Reasoning in the Tort Process 402
xxii * Table of Contents
Differentiated Temporal Effects of the Rule of Negligence 406
The Unstable Link Between Negligence Rules and Paradigms for Their
Implementation 407
The Latent Side of Legal Uncertainty 410
The Principle of Fault and the Unpredictability of Judicial
Outcomes 413
The Natural Elasticity of the Rule of Negligence 416
An Impossible Reconciliation? 421
The Tension Between Discretion and Certainty: The Case of
Non-Average Individuals 424
Internal Inaccessibility and Patterns of Judicial Adjudication in the
Law of Negligence 430
Unveiling the Dichotomies of the Negligence Process 434
A Postscript on tlie Notion of Negligence in the Comparative Fault
Analysis 437
Conclusion: The Difficult Balance 441
Index of Authors 445
Note on the Author 459
|
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| spelling | Parisi, Francesco Verfasser aut Liability for negligence and judicial discretion Francesco Parisi 2. ed. Berkeley Univ. of California 1992 XXIV, 458 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International and Area Studies <Berkeley, Calif.>: Research series 82 Ermessen (DE-588)4015322-8 gnd rswk-swf Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 gnd rswk-swf Fahrlässigkeit (DE-588)4140296-0 gnd rswk-swf Fahrlässigkeit (DE-588)4140296-0 s Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 s Ermessen (DE-588)4015322-8 s DE-604 International and Area Studies <Berkeley, Calif.>: Research series 82 (DE-604)BV009301216 82 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005414399&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Parisi, Francesco Liability for negligence and judicial discretion International and Area Studies <Berkeley, Calif.>: Research series Ermessen (DE-588)4015322-8 gnd Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 gnd Fahrlässigkeit (DE-588)4140296-0 gnd |
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| title | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion |
| title_auth | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion |
| title_exact_search | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion |
| title_full | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion Francesco Parisi |
| title_fullStr | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion Francesco Parisi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liability for negligence and judicial discretion Francesco Parisi |
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