Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
Resources for the Future
1992
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 143 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0915707659 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |c Molly K. Macauley ; Michael D. Bowes ; Karen L. Palmer |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C. |b Resources for the Future |c 1992 | |
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| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Déchets dangereux - Droit - États-Unis | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Encouragements fiscaux - États-Unis | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Substancias peligrosas - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hazardous substances |x Government policy |z United States | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Hazardous wastes |x Government policy |z United States | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Foreword xi
Paul R. Portney
Acknowledgments xiv
1 Introduction 1
Our Approach 4
General Observations 6
Rationale for a Case Study Approach 10
Relevant Literature 11
Organization of the Book 14
References 14
2 Chlorinated Solvents 18
Sources and Uses 19
Health and Environmental Effects 21
Life Cycle in Various Applications 22
Existing Statutes and Regulations 29
Solvent Attributes Relevant to Economic
Incentive Design 30
Proposed Incentive Mechanisms 31
Conclusions 48
References 50
3 Formaldehyde 52
Sources and Uses 53
Health and Environmental Effects 54
Life Cycle in Various Applications 56
Existing Statutes and Regulations 57
vii
CONTENTS
Formaldehyde Attributes Relevant to Economic
Incentive Design 57
Proposed Incentive Mechanisms 61
Conclusions 76
References 77
4 Cadmium 80
Production and Use 81
Exposure Pathways and Health Effects 87
Existing Statutes and Regulations 88
Key Attributes of Regulatory Interest 90
Proposed Incentive Mechanisms 93
References 105
5 Brominated Flame Retardants 108
Production and Use 109
Health Effects and Pathways of Exposure 112
Existing U.S. Regulation of BFRs 114
Key Attributes of Regulatory Interest 115
Possible Incentive Based Interventions 116
Proposed Incentive Mechanisms 118
References 122
6 Summary and Conclusions 125
Generalizability of This Analysis 127
Future Research 131
References 132
Index 135
About the Authors 145
viii
List of Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1 1 Legislative authorities affecting the life cycle of a
chemical. 3
2 1 Effects of a solvent tax on dissipative uses. 35
2 2 Effects of a product tax with partially containable uses. 36
2 3 Effects of a product tax on solvent emissions. 38
2 4 Welfare gains from product labeling. 41
2 5 Welfare and substitution effects of a deposit refund
system. 44
2 6 Deposit refund system that drives inefficient recyclers out of
business. 46
3 1 Spatial variation of a formaldehyde production tax. 64
3 2 Possible effects of labeling versus output restrictions on
consumer surplus. 66
3 3 Formaldehyde irritation label required by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development for
manufactured homes. 68
3 4 Producer incentives to label or reformulate formaldehyde
containing products. 69
3 5 Possible effect of the specter of product liability on
output. 70
3 6 Possible effect of liability and liability insurance on the
supply of care. 74
3 7 Potential for oversupply of care under a product
standard. 75
4 1 Effect of a tax on refined cadmium supplies. 97
4 2 Effect of a U.S. tax on cadmium prices and
consumption. 98
4 3 Effect of a U.S. cadmium tax matched by a world tax. 99
4 4 Effect of permit trading to phase down cadmium use. 102
ix
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
6 1 Economic incentives and the regulation of toxic chemicals:
examples of exposure pathways and management
interventions. 128
6 2 Regulator s decision tree. 129
TABLES
2 1 The Chlorinated Solvents 19
2 2 End Uses of Chlorinated Solvents (1989—Estimated) 20
2 3 Health and Environmental Effects of Solvents 21
2 4 Life Cycle and Exposure 22
2 5 Statutes and Regulations Pertaining to Chlorinated Solvents:
PERC, TCA, METH, and TCE 25
2 6 Regulatory Options for Chlorinated Solvents 32
3 1 End Uses of Formaldehyde, 1990 54
3 2 Industry Status for Urea and Phenol Formaldehyde
Resins 55
3 3 Formaldehyde Life Cycle and Sources of Exposure 57
3 4 Statutes and Regulations Pertaining to Formaldehyde 58
3 5 Regulatory Options for Formaldehyde 62
4 1 Refined Cadmium Production in Traditionally Market Based
Economies 82
4 2 Estimated Market Share of World Cadmium Use by Product
Type 85
4 3 Cadmium Life Cycle and Sources of Exposure 89
4 4 Statutes and Regulations Pertaining to Cadmium 90
4 5 Regulatory Options for Cadmium Coatings, Pigments, and
Stabilizers 94
4 6 Regulatory Options for Cadmium Batteries 95
5 1 Brominated Flame Retardant Life Cycle and Sources of
Exposure 114
5 2 Regulatory Options for Brominated Flame Retardants 119
x
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| spelling | Macauley, Molly K. Verfasser aut Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances Molly K. Macauley ; Michael D. Bowes ; Karen L. Palmer Washington, D.C. Resources for the Future 1992 XV, 143 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Desperdicios peligrosos - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Desperdicios peligrosos - Política gubernamental - EE.UU Déchets dangereux - Droit - États-Unis Déchets dangereux - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Encouragements fiscaux - États-Unis Impuestos - Incentivos - EE.UU Incentivos en la industria - EE.UU Stimulants dans l'industrie - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Droit - Législation - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Substancias peligrosas - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Politik Recht Hazardous substances Government policy United States Hazardous substances Law and legislation United States Hazardous wastes Government policy United States Hazardous wastes Law and legislation United States Incentives in industry United States Tax incentives United States Steuerersparnis (DE-588)4077884-8 gnd rswk-swf Schadstoffverringerung (DE-588)4194323-5 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Schadstoffverringerung (DE-588)4194323-5 s Steuerersparnis (DE-588)4077884-8 s DE-604 Bowes, Michael D. Verfasser aut Palmer, Karen L. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005387491&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Macauley, Molly K. Bowes, Michael D. Palmer, Karen L. Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances Desperdicios peligrosos - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Desperdicios peligrosos - Política gubernamental - EE.UU Déchets dangereux - Droit - États-Unis Déchets dangereux - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Encouragements fiscaux - États-Unis Impuestos - Incentivos - EE.UU Incentivos en la industria - EE.UU Stimulants dans l'industrie - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Droit - Législation - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Substancias peligrosas - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Politik Recht Hazardous substances Government policy United States Hazardous substances Law and legislation United States Hazardous wastes Government policy United States Hazardous wastes Law and legislation United States Incentives in industry United States Tax incentives United States Steuerersparnis (DE-588)4077884-8 gnd Schadstoffverringerung (DE-588)4194323-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077884-8 (DE-588)4194323-5 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |
| title_auth | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |
| title_exact_search | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |
| title_full | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances Molly K. Macauley ; Michael D. Bowes ; Karen L. Palmer |
| title_fullStr | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances Molly K. Macauley ; Michael D. Bowes ; Karen L. Palmer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances Molly K. Macauley ; Michael D. Bowes ; Karen L. Palmer |
| title_short | Using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |
| title_sort | using economic incentives to regulate toxic substances |
| topic | Desperdicios peligrosos - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Desperdicios peligrosos - Política gubernamental - EE.UU Déchets dangereux - Droit - États-Unis Déchets dangereux - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Encouragements fiscaux - États-Unis Impuestos - Incentivos - EE.UU Incentivos en la industria - EE.UU Stimulants dans l'industrie - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Droit - Législation - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Substancias peligrosas - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Politik Recht Hazardous substances Government policy United States Hazardous substances Law and legislation United States Hazardous wastes Government policy United States Hazardous wastes Law and legislation United States Incentives in industry United States Tax incentives United States Steuerersparnis (DE-588)4077884-8 gnd Schadstoffverringerung (DE-588)4194323-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Desperdicios peligrosos - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Desperdicios peligrosos - Política gubernamental - EE.UU Déchets dangereux - Droit - États-Unis Déchets dangereux - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Encouragements fiscaux - États-Unis Impuestos - Incentivos - EE.UU Incentivos en la industria - EE.UU Stimulants dans l'industrie - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Droit - Législation - États-Unis Substances dangereuses - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Substancias peligrosas - Leyes y legislación - EE.UU Politik Recht Hazardous substances Government policy United States Hazardous substances Law and legislation United States Hazardous wastes Government policy United States Hazardous wastes Law and legislation United States Incentives in industry United States Tax incentives United States Steuerersparnis Schadstoffverringerung USA |
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