Environmental impacts of mining: monitoring, restoration, and control
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton u.a.
Lewis
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 494 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0873714415 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental impacts of mining |b monitoring, restoration, and control |c M. Sengupta |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton u.a. |b Lewis |c 1993 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Mineracao e meio ambiente |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mineral industries |x Environmental aspects | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
CHAPTER 1
Mining and the Environment 1
Introduction 1
Uniqueness of Mining 2
Environmental Effects of Surface Mining 4
Water Pollution 17
Land Use 18
Subsidence of Mined Land 26
Environmental Audits 29
Types of Environmental Audits 31
References 33
CHAPTER 2
Surface Coal Mining with Reclamation 35
Dragline Operation 35
Keycutting and Layered Cutting 37
Panel (Pit) Width 37
Extended Bench 39
Dragline Stripping Procedures 39
Single Seam Stripping with Nonselective
Spoil Placement 40
Single Machine Subsystems 40
Shallow Overburden, One Lift, One Pass 40
Box Pits 45
End Cut 46
Side Cut 46
Rehandle (End Cut) 46
Rehandle (Borrow Pit) 49
Moderate Overburden Depth, Single Lift, Single Pass 51
Moderately Deep Overburden, Two Lifts, One Pass 53
Deep Overburden, Split Bench Mining 54
Deep Overburden, Multiple Lifts, One Pass 58
Two Pass Extended Bench Method 62
Pullback Method 63
Terrace Mining 67
Tandem Machine Systems 67
Tandem Dozer/Dragline Stripping 67
Single Seam Stripping with Selective Spoil Placement 70
Moderate Overburden Depth, One Lift, Single Pass 70
Moderate Overburden Depth, Two Lifts, One Pass 71
Deep Overburden, Two Lifts, One Pass 71
Multiple Seam Stripping with Draglines 72
Single Dragline, Two Seams, Nonselective
Spoil Placement 72
Moderate Overburden and Interburden Depths 72
The Extended Bench Method for Two Seams 73
The One Pass Extended Bench Method for
Two Seam Stripping 74
The Two Pass Spoil Side Method 77
Elevated Bench Method 78
Tandem Machine, Two Seam Condition, Nonselective
Spoil Placement 80
The Tandem Shovel Dragline System 80
Dozer Dragline System 81
Tandem Machine Multiple Dragline 81
Selective Spoil Placement in Two Seam Condition 81
Stripping of Unstable Burden Material 83
Multiple Seam Systems 85
Horseshoe Mining Sequence 89
Steep Slope Mining 91
General Sequence of Mining and
Reclamation Operations 91
One Cut, Single Seam Conventional Contour Mining 92
Other Conventional Contour Mining Situations 96
Haulback Mining Methods 96
Single Cut Haulback Mining of Single Seams 96
References 101
CHAPTER 3
Reclamation and Re vegetation of Mined Land 103
Introduction 103
Reclamation of Surface Mined Land in Australia 105
Material Characterization 106
Landform Design 107
Use of Topsoil 108
Reclamation Procedures 109
Re vegetation Methods 110
Tree Planting 111
Pasture Management 111
Revegetation of a Surface Mined Land in Montana 112
Factors Affecting Natural Revegetation of Coal
Mine Spoil Banks in Ohio 113
Vegetation Development on Old and Abandoned
Lead and Zinc Mine 115
Revegetation at the Usibelli Coal Mine, Alaska 117
References 119
CHAPTER 4
The Acid Mine Drainage Problem from Coal Mines 121
Introduction 121
Chemistry of Formation 122
The Role of Bacteria 124
Conventional Neutralization Process Using Lime 126
High Density Sludge Process 128
Other Treatment Processes 128
Chemical Treatment 129
Lime 129
Limestone 132
Caustic Soda 135
Iron Oxidation 135
Aeration Systems 137
Biological Oxidation 140
Oxidation Rate 142
Sludge Dewatering and Disposal 143
Reverse Osmosis 151
Ion Exchange 155
Sul Bisul Process 156
Modified Desal Process 158
Two Resin Process 158
Chemical Softening 160
Lime Soda Process 160
Alumina Lime Soda Process 161
Bactericides in AMD Control 162
Determination of Acid Generating Potential 163
References 165
CHAPTER 5
Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Migration 167
Introduction 167
The Acid Generation Process 168
Sulfide Minerals 169
Chemical and Biological Reactions Related to Acid Generation 171
Metal Leaching and Migration Processes 175
Prediction of Acid Drainage 176
Static Tests 178
Kinetic Tests 180
Control of Acid Generation 182
Available Control Measures 183
Conditioning of Tailings/Waste Rock 184
Waste Segregation and Blending 185
Bactericides 186
Base Additives 186
Covers and Seals to Control Acid Generation 190
Soil Covers 190
Synthetic Membrane Covers 191
Water Cover 192
Saturated Soil or Bog 192
Subaqueous Deposition 192
Disposal into Manmade Impoundments 193
Disposal into Flooded Mine Workings 194
Lake Disposal 194
Marine Disposal 195
Migration Control of ARD 195
Diversion of Surface Water 197
Underground Mines 197
Open Pits 197
Waste Rock Dumps and Spoil Piles 198
Tailings Deposits 198
Stockpiles and Spent Heap Leach Piles 198
Groundwater Interception 198
Underground Mines 199
Open Pits 199
Waste Rock Dumps and Spoil Piles 200
Tailings Deposits 200
Stockpiles and Spent Heap Leach Piles 200
Covers and Seals to Control Infiltration 200
Soil Covers 200
Synthetic Covers 209
Placement of Covers 212
Waste Rock and Tailings Placement Methods 214
Monitoring 215
Specific Monitoring Programs for
Each Mine Component 217
Environmental Monitoring of Open Pits 218
Environmental Monitoring of Underground Workings 219
Environmental Monitoring of Waste Rock Dumps, Ore
Stockpiles, and Heap Leach Sites 221
Environmental Monitoring of Tailings Impoundments 222
Environmental Monitoring of Quarries 223
Environmental Monitoring of Haul Roads 224
Impact of an Abandoned Mine on Water Quality 224
Hydrologic Solution to Acid Mine Drainage 227
Water Resource Problems in a Lead Belt 228
Environmental Control Measures after the Closure of a Lead Zinc
Mine in Greenland 232
Mine Environmental Rehabilitation 238
Designing Closure of an Open Pit Mine in Canada 246
Metal Contents and Treatment of Mine Water 249
Water Types and Contents 250
References 259
CHAPTER 6
Hydrologic Impact 261
Introduction 261
Hydrologic Impact of Phosphate Mining 263
Hydrologic Impact of Phosphate Gypsum Disposal Areas in
Central Florida 269
Hydrologic Effect of Subsurface Coal Mining in the
Appalachian Region 274
Effects of Longwall Mining on Hydrology 276
References 281
CHAPTER 7
Erosion and Sediment Control 283
Preliminary Site Evaluation 284
Land Type 285
Soil and Rock 285
Streams 285
Floodplains 286
Impoundments 286
Groundwater Conditions 286
Vegetative Cover 287
Planning 287
Preliminary Site Investigation 287
Preliminary Design 287
Subsurface Investigations 288
Final Design 290
Formulation of an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan 296
Operation 297
Maintenance 298
Sedimentation Control in a Surface Coal Mine 300
Surface Mine Sedimentation Control 307
Surface Mine Drainage Control 317
References 323
CHAPTER 8
Wetlands 325
Introduction 325
Constructed Wetlands 328
Constructed Wetlands for Mine Drainage Treatment 335
Metal Removal in Constructed Wetlands 342
Site Selection 347
Performance Expectations 349
Hydraulic Design and Control Structures 351
Substrate 354
Substrate Evaluation for AMD Systems 354
Vegetation 361
Water and Soil Parameters Affecting Growth of Cattails 361
Where Cattails Grow 363
Effects of Cattails (Typha) on Metal Removal 368
Metal Retention Capacity of Wetlands for Treatment of
Acid Mine Drainage 374
Role of Sphagnum Plants in Iron Uptake 376
Iron and Manganese Removal in a Typha Dominated Wetland 381
The Role of Algae in the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage 386
Constructed Wetlands for Acid Drainage Control in the
Tennessee Valley 390
Windsor Coal Company Wetland 396
The Tracy Wetland 399
Wetland Treatment in Metal Mining 405
Big Five Tunnel Experimental Wetland, Colorado 407
Nickel and Copper Removal by a Natural Wetland 413
References 422
CHAPTER 9
Blasting 425
CHAPTER 10
Mining Subsidence 431
Introduction 431
Subsidence Investigations 434
Structural Damage 436
Damage Criteria 437
Remedial Measures 438
References 440
CHAPTER 11
Post mining Land Use 441
Introduction 441
Appalachian Region Case Study 445
Evaluation of Alternatives 446
Economic Evaluation 447
Environmental Evaluation 447
Social Impact Evaluation 447
Selected Alternatives 447
Midwest Case Study 448
Evaluation of Alternatives 449
Economic Evaluation 449
Environmental Evaluation 450
Social Impact Evaluation 450
Selected Alternative 450
References 451
CHAPTER 12
Environmental Effects of Gold Heap Leaching Operations 453
Introduction 453
Hazard Identification 454
Exposure Assessment 454
Groundwater Pathway 459
Surface Water Pathway 462
Toxicity Assessment 466
Risk Characterization 467
Decommissioning of Heap Leach Facilities —
Industry Experience 468
Borealis Mine, Echo Bay Minerals
Company, Hawthorne, NV 468
Barrick Goldstrike Mines, Inc., Carlin, NV 470
Fondaway Mine, Tenneco Minerals 471
Gilt Edge Mine, Deadwood, SD 472
Annie Creek Mine, Lead, SD 472
Golden Maple Gilt Edge Mine 473
Previous Experience at ZMI 474
References 477
INDEX 479
|
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| spelling | Sengupta, Mritunjoy Verfasser (DE-588)124109004 aut Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control M. Sengupta Boca Raton u.a. Lewis 1993 494 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mineracao e meio ambiente larpcal Umwelt Mineral industries Environmental aspects Bergbau (DE-588)4005614-4 gnd rswk-swf Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd rswk-swf Bergbau (DE-588)4005614-4 s Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005382839&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sengupta, Mritunjoy Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control Mineracao e meio ambiente larpcal Umwelt Mineral industries Environmental aspects Bergbau (DE-588)4005614-4 gnd Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd |
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| title | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control |
| title_auth | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control |
| title_exact_search | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control |
| title_full | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control M. Sengupta |
| title_fullStr | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control M. Sengupta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental impacts of mining monitoring, restoration, and control M. Sengupta |
| title_short | Environmental impacts of mining |
| title_sort | environmental impacts of mining monitoring restoration and control |
| title_sub | monitoring, restoration, and control |
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