Introduction to theoretical ecology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Harper & Row
1989
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 384 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 006047369X |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Introduction to theoretical ecology
Autor: Yodzis, Peter
Jahr: 1989
Contents
Preface xii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Models 2
1.2. On the Relation Between Theory and Observation 3
PART ONE. THE GROWTH OF SINGLE
POPULATIONS 5
CHAPTER 2. CONTINUOUS TIME 7
2.1. The Qualitative Theory of Continuous Single-population
Growth 8
2.2. Breakpoints and Thresholds 13
2.2.1. A Vertebrate Grazer 14
2.2.2. The Spruce Budworm 20
2.2.3. Transmission Dynamics of Schistosomiasis 23
2.3. Structural Stability (a Footnote) 30
2.4. Response to Disturbance 32
2.4.1. A Local Plausibility Argument 33
2.4.2. Environmental Variability and Multiple
Domains of Attraction 36
2.5. The Meaning of Continuous Population Growth 41
2.6. Density Dependence, Density Vagueness, and Real
Biology 47
Vi CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3. DISCRETE TIME 51
3.1. Stock-Recruitment Models 52
3.2. First Try at a Qualitative Theory of Difference
Equations 55
3.3. A Second Try: Chaos 62
3.4. Chaos and Biology 71
3.5. Homology 73
3.6. Environmental Fluctuations and the Storage Effect 74
PART TWO. POPULATION INTERACTIONS 79
CHAPTER 4. CONSUMPTION 81
4.1. Functional Response and Numerical Response 81
4.2. The Analysis of Two-Species Interactions 84
4.2.1. Phase Space 86
4.2.1.1. Two-dimensional equilibria 93
4.2.1.2. Completing the picture 97
4.2.1.3. Limit cycles and Kolmogorov s
theorem 99
4.3. How Insecticides Affect the Spruce Budworm
System 104
CHAPTER 5. COMPETITION 109
5.1. Multispecies Interactions 110
5.1.1. Equilibria 113
5.2. Collectivism: Pure Consumptive Competition 118
5.2.1. The Classical (Equilibrium) Theory 118
5.2.1.1. Limiting similarity 122
5.2.2. Nonequilibrium Coexistence 128
5.2.3. Environmental Variability and Competitive
Coexistence 131
5.3. Collectivism: Interference 132
5.4. Monopolism: Competition for Space 138
5.4.1. Reaction-Dispersal Theory 138
5.4.2. Competition for Space and Community
Structure 141
5.4.2.1. Dominance control 142
5.4.2.2. Founder control 148
5.5. How Competition Can Control Community
Structure 149
5.6. Just Plain Competition 150
CONTENTS VII
CHAPTER 6. MORTALITY AND COMPETITION 156
6.1. Continuous Chaos 157
6.1.1. Limit Cycles and Poincaré Sections 158
6.1.2. Chaotic Attractors 162
6.2. Mortality and Consumptive Competition 166
6.2.1. A Predator That Is Limited by Its Prey 166
6.2.2. No Feedback from Guild Densities to Level of
Mortality 168
6.2.3. Summary 174
6.3. Mortality and Competition for Space 174
6.4. The Data 175
CHAPTER 7. GENERALIZED PRESS PERTURBATIONS
AND GUILDS 178
7.1. Loop Analysis 179
7.1.1. Loop Diagrams 179
7.1.2. Loops and Feedbacks 181
7.1.3. Local Stability 183
7.1.4. The Inverse Matrix 184
7.2. Perturbation Experiments 186
7.2.1. The New Equilibrium Densities 187
7.2.2. The Transient Behavior 190
7.3. Identifying Guilds 193
7.3.1. A Case Study 193
7.3.2. Some Generalities 195
CHAPTER 8. WHOLE COMMUNITIES 199
8.1. Food Webs 200
8.1.1. The Data 202
8.1.2. Probabilistic Explanation 209
8.2. Food Web Theories 213
8.2.1. Trophodynamics 214
8.2.1.1. Dynamic stability and food web
structure 216
8.2.1.2. Plausible community matrices 219
8.2.2. Assembly 225
8.2.2.1. Energetic constraints 226
8.2.2.2. Lotka-Volterra models 230
8.2.2.3. Assembly by mild specialists 232
8.3. But... Why Are Food Chains so Short? 238
Viii CONTENTS
PART THREE. THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE-HISTORY
STRATEGIES 247
CHAPTER 9. SOME BASICS 249
9.1. Microevolution and Optimization 249
9.1.1. Optimization and Evolutionarily Stable
Strategies 251
9.2. Age-Specific Population Dynamics and Lotka s
Equation 255
9.2.1. Density-Independent Population
Dynamics 258
9.2.2. Density-Dependent Selection 263
9.2.3. Continuous Time 265
CHAPTER 10. COLE S DILEMMA 267
10.1. The Ratio of Juvenile Mortality to Adult
Mortality 269
10.2. Life-History Evolution from the Standpoint of Resource
Allocation 271
10.2.1. Reproductive Effort and the Cost of
Reproduction 272
10.2.2. Reproductive Effort and Fertility 273
10.2.3. The Optimization of Reproductive Effort 277
10.2.4. Residual Reproductive Value and the Tradeoff
Between Present and Future
Reproduction 281
10.2.5. The Tradeoff at One Age 285
10.2.6. The Joint Optimization of Reproductive Effort
at All Ages 289
CHAPTER 11. THE TIMING OF REPRODUCTION 290
11.1. Delayed Reproduction 294
11.1.1. Salamanders and Lizards 297
CHAPTER 12. CLUTCH SIZE 301
12.1. Avian Clutch Size: An Overview 301
12.2. Reproductive Risk and Optimal Avian Clutch
Size 304
12.3. The Most Productive Clutch 311
12.3.1. Skutch s Prédation Hypothesis 313
12.3.2. Food Resources and Optimum Clutch
Size 315
12.4. Clutch Size and Latitude 322
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 13. OPTIMAL ADAPTATION TO A VARIABLE
ENVIRONMENT 324
13.1. Environmental Grain 324
13.2. The Fitness Set 325
13.3. The Adaptive Function 328
13.4. Further Remarks 333
13.5. Optimal Reproductive Effort in Fluctuating
Environments 335
13.5.1. Semelparity and Iteroparity in a Fluctuating
Environment 336
13.5.2. Optimal Reproductive Effort for an Iteroparous
Species 344
13.5.3. Cole s Dilemma in a Fluctuating
Environment 347
CHAPTER 14. EPILOGUE 352
APPENDIX 353
A.I. Complex Numbers 353
A.2. Matrices and Eigenvalues 355
A.3. Block Matrices 359
A.4. A Little Spectral Theory 360
Bibliography 363
Index 381
|
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| isbn | 006047369X |
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| spelling | Yodzis, Peter Verfasser aut Introduction to theoretical ecology New York Harper & Row 1989 XIV, 384 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 21030 - ecology - 20020 - 31030 - mathematical models Ecology - Mathematical models Theoretische Ökologie Theoretische Ökologie idsbb Theorie idszbz Ökologie idszbz Ökologie HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005325861&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Yodzis, Peter Introduction to theoretical ecology 21030 - ecology - 20020 - 31030 - mathematical models Ecology - Mathematical models Theoretische Ökologie Theoretische Ökologie idsbb Theorie idszbz Ökologie idszbz Ökologie |
| title | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_auth | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_full | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_short | Introduction to theoretical ecology |
| title_sort | introduction to theoretical ecology |
| topic | 21030 - ecology - 20020 - 31030 - mathematical models Ecology - Mathematical models Theoretische Ökologie Theoretische Ökologie idsbb Theorie idszbz Ökologie idszbz Ökologie |
| topic_facet | 21030 - ecology - 20020 - 31030 - mathematical models Ecology - Mathematical models Theoretische Ökologie Theorie Ökologie |
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