An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Pergamon Press
1981
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Pergamon series in analytical chemistry
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 549 S. graph. Darst. - graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0080238025 0080238033 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Pergamon Press |c 1981 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical kinetics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122425215942656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1. What This Book is About
2. An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics and Equilibrium 8
2.1. Why do chemical reactions occur? 8
2.2. Thermochemistry and calorimetry 9
2.3. Standard states 14
2.4. Entropy 15
2.5 Free energy 17
2.6. How free energies behave 19
2.7. Free energies and equilibrium constants 22
2.8. Expressions for equilibrium constants 24
2.9. Different kinds of equilibrium constants 27
Problems 30
3. An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics 33
3.1. Introduction 33
3.2. The rates of chemical reactions 33
3.3. Elementary and rate-determining steps 36
3.4. Rate laws and reaction orders 39
3.5. Integrated rate equations 42
3.6. How rate laws are established 48
3.7. The use of rate laws 51
3.8. The interpretation of rate laws 53
3S. Catalysis, enzymes, and the prior equilibrium 58
3.10. Reversible reactions 63
3.11. Diffusion-controlled reactions and activation energies 69
3.12. The effects of temperature on rate and equilibrium constants 73
3.13. Conclusion 76
Problems 76
4. Equilibria Involving Non-electrolytes 78
4.1. Introduction 78
4.2. The solubility of a non-electrolyte 78
4.3. Distribution equilibria 85
4.4. Principles of liquid-liquid extraction 88
4.5. Applications of liquid-liquid extraction 92
Problems 96
ix
x Contents
5. The Solubilities of Ionic Compounds 97
5.1. Introduction 97
5.2. Solubilities and solubility products of strong electrolytes 97
5.5. The common-ion effect 99
5.4. Solubility products of weak electrolytes 104
5.5. Solubilities and solubility products 107
5.6. Weak electrolytes and ion pairs 109
5.7. lonization and dissociation constants 113
5.*. Conclusion 116
Problems 117
6. Acid-base Reactions 119
6.1. Introduction 119
6.2. Some fundamental ideas 119
6.3. pH scales 124
6.4. The acidities of solutions of acids and bases 129
6.5. Competing equilibria: mixtures of acids or bases 139
6.6. Solutions of poly functional acids or bases 143
6.7. Solutions of amphoteric substances 148
6.8. Mixtures of acids with bases 151
6.9. Graphical representations of acid-base equilibria: formation functions 155
6.10. Buffer solutions and buffer capacities 164
6.11. Effects ofpcH on the solubilities of weak bases 171
6.12. Non-aqueous solvents 177
6.13. Conclusion 182
Problems 182
7. Complexation Reactions 185
7.1. Introduction 185
7.2. Fundamental ideas 185
7.3. Stepwise complex formation 192
7.4. Solubility and complex formation 197
7.5. Will a precipitate form? 200
7.6. Formation curves and the evaluation of formation constants 201
7.7. Acidity and complex formation 208
Problems 211
8. Redox Processes 213
8.1. Introduction 213
8.2. The nature of a redox reaction 213
5.5. Balancing redox equations 216
8.4. Electrode potentials and the Nernst equation 220
8.5. The meanings of standard potentials 225
8.6. Standard potentials and equilibrium constants 227
8.7. Formal potentials 233
8.8. Some consequences of the Nemst equation 237
8.9. The rates and mechanisms of redox reactions 240
Contents xi
8.10. Equilibrium constants of half-reactions 243
Problems 246
9. Chemical Analysis and Stoichiometry 248
9.1. Introduction 248
9.2. Chemical analysis and analytical chemistry 248
9.3. Preliminary steps in a gravimetric or volumetric analysis 253
9.4. The execution of a gravimetric analysis 259
9.5. The execution of a volumetric analysis 263
9.6. The calculations of gravimetric analysis 268
9.7. The calculations of volumetric analysis 273
Problems 277
10. Precipitation and Coprecipitation 280
10.1. Introduction 280
10.2. Nucleation, supersolubility, and particle size 280
10.3. The mechanism of nucleation 284
10.4. The mechanism of particle growth 285
10.5. The colloidal state 287
10.6. Impurities in precipitates: coprecipitation 291
19.7. Occlusion 295
10.8. Solid-solution formation 297
70.9. A summary of coprecipitation 302
10.10. Precipitation from homogeneous solutions 305
10.11. Aging 307
Problems 308
11. Titration Carres 310
11.1. Introduction 310
11.2. Kinds of titration curves 310
11.3. Some definitions and fundamental ideas 311
11.4. Idealized titration curves 314
77.5. Sigmoidal titration curves 319
77.6. The effects ofK t and concentration Till
11.7. Titration errors 333
11.8. The behaviors of indicators 339
77.9. Indicators and titration curves in chelometric titrations 342
77.70. Stepwise titrations 347
77.77. Exact titration-curve equations 354
Problems 357
12. Errors in Scientific Measurements 359
72.7. Introduction 359
12 J2. Systematic and random errors 361
xii Contents
12.3. Randomness and the normal law of error 365
12.4. The standard deviation of the mean 369
12.5. The propagation of random errors 371
12.6. The design of an experiment 372
12.7. Comparing results 376
12.8. Regression analysis 379
Problems 385
13. Activities and Activity Coefficients 387
13.1. Introduction 387
13.2. Mean ionic activity coefficients 388
13.3. The ionic strength 390
13.4. Evaluating thermodynamic equilibrium constants and mean ionic activity coefficients 392
13.5. The Debye-Huckel limiting law 393
13.6. Calculations employing the limiting law 396
13.7. Activity coefficients at higher ionic strengths 399
13.8. Activity coefficients of non-electrolytes 402
13.9. Single-ion activity coefficients 404
13.10. Activity coefficients and the pH scale 406
Problems 409
14. Potentiometry 410
14.1. Introduction 410
14.2. Electrochemical cells and their potentials 411
14.3. How standard potentials and activity coefficients are evaluated 414
14.4. Redox indicator electrodes 418
14.5. Reversibility and irreversibility 420
14.6. Reference electrodes 427
14.7. Electrical apparatus 430
14.8. Analyses by direct potentiometry 435
14.9. Potentiometric titrations 439
14.10. How formal potentials are evaluated 446
14.11. Liquid-junction potentials 449
14.12. The glass electrode 454
14.13. The selectivities of membrane electrodes 460
14.14. Other membrane electrodes 464
Problems 465
15. Spectroscopy 467
15.1. Introduction 467
15.2. The electromagnetic spectrum 467
/5.3. Absorption, emission, and re-radiation 474
15.4. Apparatus for spectroscopy 475
15.5. Atomic and molecular spectra 479
15.6. Beer s law 484
15.7. The measurement ofabsorbance 486
15.8. Deviations from Beer s law 489
15.9. Plotting absorption spectra 491
15.10. Electronic absorption by metal ions and complexes 495
Contents xiti
15.11. Absorption by organic molecules 497
15.12. Spectrophotometric analysis 504
15.13. Spectrophotometric titrations 507
15.14. Spectrophotometric studies of chemical equilibria 509
Problems 517
Answers to Problems 520
Appendix I. Significant Figures 523
Appendix II. Standard Enthalpies of Formation, Entropies, and Free Energies of Formation
of Some Common Substances at 298 K 526
Appendix III. Solubility Products of Some Common Salts in Aqueous Solutions at 298 K 528
Appendix IV. Overall Dissociation Constants of Some Common Acids in Aqueous Solutions at
298 K 530
Appendix V. Stepwise Formation Constants of Some Common Complexes in Aqueous Solutions
at 298 K 532
Appendix VI. Standard and Formal Potentials and Equilibrium Constants of Some Common
Redox Couples in Aqueous Solutions at 298 K 534
Index 537
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:13:40Z |
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| spelling | Meites, Louis Verfasser aut An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics 1. ed. Oxford [u.a.] Pergamon Press 1981 XIII, 549 S. graph. Darst. - graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pergamon series in analytical chemistry 1 Pergamon international library of science, technology, engineering and social studies. Cinétique chimique ram Equilibrio Quimico larpcal Reacoes Quimicas (Cinetica E Mecanismo) larpcal Équilibre chimique ram Chemical equilibrium Chemical kinetics Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 gnd rswk-swf Chemisches Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4147642-6 gnd rswk-swf Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd rswk-swf Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 s DE-604 Chemisches Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4147642-6 s Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 s Pergamon series in analytical chemistry 1 (DE-604)BV001898412 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005303633&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Meites, Louis An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics Pergamon series in analytical chemistry Cinétique chimique ram Equilibrio Quimico larpcal Reacoes Quimicas (Cinetica E Mecanismo) larpcal Équilibre chimique ram Chemical equilibrium Chemical kinetics Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 gnd Chemisches Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4147642-6 gnd Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078260-8 (DE-588)4147642-6 (DE-588)4048655-2 |
| title | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_auth | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_full | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_short | An introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| title_sort | an introduction to chemical equilibrium and kinetics |
| topic | Cinétique chimique ram Equilibrio Quimico larpcal Reacoes Quimicas (Cinetica E Mecanismo) larpcal Équilibre chimique ram Chemical equilibrium Chemical kinetics Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 gnd Chemisches Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4147642-6 gnd Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cinétique chimique Equilibrio Quimico Reacoes Quimicas (Cinetica E Mecanismo) Équilibre chimique Chemical equilibrium Chemical kinetics Thermochemie Chemisches Gleichgewicht Reaktionskinetik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005303633&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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