Aerial photo-ecology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Faber and Faber
1970
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 325 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 057108592X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Howard, John A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Aerial photo-ecology |c John A. Howard |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Faber and Faber |c 1970 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 325 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Photographie aérienne en botanique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photographie aérienne en foresterie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photographie aérienne en géographie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aerial photography in botany | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aerial photography in forestry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aerial photography in geography | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122425146736640 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Aerial photo-ecology
Autor: Howard, John Arnold
Jahr: 1970
CONTENTS
Author s Preface page vii
Foreword xv
1. Historical outline and terminology 1
Introduction - Photography - Terrestrial photogrammetry - Development of instru-
ments - Development of aerial photography, aerial photogrammetry and photo-inter-
pretation - Terminology
PART ONE: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPH
2. The aerial camera 13
Principle components of the aerial camera - Modulation transfer function - Charac-
teristics of the lens - Aberrations - Diffraction - Halation - Focal length - Angular
field - Shutters - F-stop - Focal plane - Fiducial marks - Filters (minus blue, infra-
red, colour, Polaroid)
3. The film 26
Black and white - Emulsion and film base - Sensitizors - Spectral sensitivity - Pan-
chromatic films - A.S.A. index - Infrared films - Colour films (reversal, negative
film) - Infrared colour film - Munsell colour notation - Film-filter combinations
4. Film processing and printing 35
Negative processing - Latent image - Continuous processing - Batch processing -
Reversal processing - Printing (contact and automatic) - Dodging - Diapositives -
Ma« and glossy papers - Photographic defects - Physical characteristics - Sensi-
tometry - Density - Contrast - Characteristic curve - Gamma - Graininess - Film
speed - Sharpness and acutance - Edge gradient - Fog - Resolution
xi
CONTENTS
5. Tropospheric conditions 45
Quality and quantity of incident solar radiation - Solar and electro-magnetic spec-
tra - Earth glow - Scattering of light - Rayleigh s law - Maximum polar scattering
and the camera s angular field - Effect of haze - Visual range
6. The reflection of light by vegetation 53
Introduction - Optical properties of reflective surfaces - Reflection, reflectance, reflec-
tivity, etc. - Mixed reflection - Albedo - Spectral reflectance - Black body - Specular
reflection zone - Diffuse reflection - Contained luminance - Reflex reflection - Spectral
and optical properties of the leaf - Waxes, cuticle, hair, palisade cells, chlorophyll,
anthocyanins, carotenes, mesophyll - Angle of reflectance - Fluorescence and over-
tones - Phenology - Remote sensing
PART TWO: ELEMENTS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
7. Planning aerial photography 69
The objective - Choice of scale and focal length - Representative fraction - Direction
of flight - Time of day and year - Reflex reflection - Specular reflection - Shadow
length - Solar altitude - Phenology - Atmospheric conditions - Flight map - Flight
line - Datum plane - End lap - Side lap - Flight contract and technical specifica-
tions - Ground control and photogrammetric control points
8. Economic considerations 87
Introduction - Aerial photographic costs - Cost of colour photography - Aerial photo-
grammetric costs - Photo-interpretation costs
PART THREE: ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
9. The aerial photograph 97
Introduction - Vertical photographs - Principal point - Conjugate principal point -
Airbase - Effective area - Caption - Oblique photographs - Geometry of oblique
photographs (tilt, swing, crab, nadir, isocentre, plumb line, etc.) - Rectified prints -
Ratioed prints
10. Radial displacement 106
Radial displacement - Topographic displacement - Height displacement of objects -
Displacement formula - Tilt - Want of correspondence (k) - Tilt adjustment (graphic-
ally and by interpolation) - Lens displacement - Film and print displacement
11. Radial line triangulation 119
Definition - The overlay method - Hand templates - Slotted templates - Mechanical
templates - Stereo templates
xii
CONTENTS
12. Planimetrie mapping 123
Introduction - Map scale - Planimetrie mapping - Overlay method - Three-photo-
graph method - Hand templates - Slotted template method - Transfer of landform,
forest and ecological detail - Cadastral maps - Monocular mapping instruments -
Stereoscopic mapping instruments - Topographic mapping instruments - C-factor -
Bridging - Topographic maps - Photographs as maps (rectified and ratioed prints,
photo-maps, mosaics) - Orthophoto maps - Thermal maps - Digitized mapping
PART FOUR: BASIC INTERPRETATION
13. Stereoscopy 141
Definition - Properties of the eye - Eye base - Angle of convergence - Stereoscopic
image - Parallax - Parallax formula - Air base - Air base/flying height ratio - Pseudo-
scopic views - Anaglyphs - Stereoscopes - Testing stereoscopic vision (floating circle,
Pulfrich exercises and three-rods tests) - Photo reading/photo assembly
14. General principles 153
Introduction—Policy and management interpretation - General procedure - Common
diagnostics (shape, shadow, tone, colour contrast, pattern, texture, site, association) -
Preliminary aids (geographical distribution maps, stock maps, keys, stereograms, codes,
catena diagrams) - Computer indexing and retrieval
15. The determination of apparent height 166
Introduction - Influence of ground vegetation - Scale and crown resolution - Appear-
ance ratio - Measurement of apparent height by radial displacement, by shadow and by
parallax - Correcting for elevation - Stand height - Height/crown diameter ratio -
Slope - Heights in geological studies
16. Measurement of micro-areas 179
Definition - Effect of topography and slope - Measuring techniques - Monocular aids
(grids, planimeters, linear scales, magnifying scales, scale wedges) - Stereoscopic tech-
niques - Crown closure - Crown diameters - Stocking
PART FIVE: INTEGRATED INTERPRETATION
17. Geographic and geologic considerations 191
Introduction - Integrated interpretation - Regional geography (single and multiple
feature regions) - Analogue geography - Systematic geography - Geology - Plants as
mineral indicators - Common rock types - Igneous (intrusives, extrusives and pyro-
clastics) - Sedimentaries (shales, conglomerates, sandstones, limestones, chalks, corals) -
Metamorphics - Deformation structures (lineations faults, fractures) - Strike and dip
18. Geomorphic considerations 205
Landform system - Land unit - Degradational land forms - Slope - Drainage pat-
terns - Erosion - Landforms by deposition (aeolian, glacial, fluvial, lacustrine, marine) -
Soils
xiii
CONTENTS
19. Regional biological surveys 216
Introduction - Identification and classification - Land-use surveys - Agricultural
surveys - Entomological surveys - Forest surveys - Game surveys - Pathological sur-
veys - Survey design - Sampling methods (subjective, random) - Sub-sampling - Cor-
relation co-efficient - Variable plot size - Cluster sampling - Radial line sampling -
Regression analysis
20. Forests of the tropics and southern hemisphere 233
Introduction - The natural vegetation - Photographic identification - Photographic
measurement of the forest - Volume - Stand height - Number per acre - Crown
closure - Crown cover - Crown diameter
21. Temperate forests of the northern hemisphere 246
Introduction - Direct photographic measurement of the forest - Photographic scale -
Tree height - Crown diameter - Crown closure - Number of stems - Indirect photo-
graphic estimates - Stem diameters - Dry weight - Foliage area - Defect, stem quality
and form - Volume estimates - Tree volume tables - Stand volume tables
22. The photo-community 258
Introduction - Terminology (photo-community, formation, association, plant com-
munity) - Physiognomic classification of vegetation (forest, woodland, heath, grass-
land) - Height, crown cover, crown width, height/crown width ratio - Raunkiaer s
terminology - Floristic classification of vegetation - Identification of tree species (scale,
tone and colour, crown morphology, shadow)
Appendices 272
la. Key to floating-circles stereogram test sheet
Ib. Depth order of details in the eight rings: Zeiss test
II. List of symbols used
III. Two-way classification of vegetation
IV. A comparison of landform terminology
Bibliography 277
Index 311
xiv
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| edition | 1. publ. |
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| id | DE-604.BV008059345 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:13:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 057108592X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005303580 |
| oclc_num | 2633977 |
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| physical | XVII, 325 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
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| spelling | Howard, John A. Verfasser aut Aerial photo-ecology John A. Howard 1. publ. London Faber and Faber 1970 XVII, 325 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Photographie aérienne en botanique Photographie aérienne en foresterie Photographie aérienne en géographie Aerial photography in botany Aerial photography in forestry Aerial photography in geography Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd rswk-swf Luftbild (DE-588)4036546-3 gnd rswk-swf Luftbild (DE-588)4036546-3 s Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005303580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Howard, John A. Aerial photo-ecology Photographie aérienne en botanique Photographie aérienne en foresterie Photographie aérienne en géographie Aerial photography in botany Aerial photography in forestry Aerial photography in geography Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd Luftbild (DE-588)4036546-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006801-8 (DE-588)4036546-3 |
| title | Aerial photo-ecology |
| title_auth | Aerial photo-ecology |
| title_exact_search | Aerial photo-ecology |
| title_full | Aerial photo-ecology John A. Howard |
| title_fullStr | Aerial photo-ecology John A. Howard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerial photo-ecology John A. Howard |
| title_short | Aerial photo-ecology |
| title_sort | aerial photo ecology |
| topic | Photographie aérienne en botanique Photographie aérienne en foresterie Photographie aérienne en géographie Aerial photography in botany Aerial photography in forestry Aerial photography in geography Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd Luftbild (DE-588)4036546-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Photographie aérienne en botanique Photographie aérienne en foresterie Photographie aérienne en géographie Aerial photography in botany Aerial photography in forestry Aerial photography in geography Biogeografie Luftbild |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005303580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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