Roman Britain and the English settlements:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Clarendon Press
1949
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed., repr. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Oxford history of England
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 515 S. Ill., Kt. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Roman Britain and the English settlements |c R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122403705454592 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ROMAN BRITAIN AND THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS BY R. G. COLLINGWOOD, F.B.A.
SOMETIME FELLOW OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE AND WAYNFLETE PROFESSOR OF
METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPHY AND J. N. L. MYRES STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH AND
UNIVERSITY LECTURER IN MODERN HISTORY SECOND EDITION OXFORD AT THE
CLARENDON PRESS , CONTENTS BOOK I. BRITAIN BEFORE THE ROMAN CONQUEST
I. THE STAGE OF HISTORY THE DIVISION OF BRITAIN INTO HIGHLAND AND
LOWLAND ZONES . . 1 THEIR DIFFERENCES IN LANDSCAPE, SOIL, CLIMATE . . .
2 THE PERMANENT EFFECT OF THE DIVISION ON THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN . 3 ITS
SPECIAL EFFECT ON THE ROMAN OCCUPATION . . - 5 THE HIGHLAND ZONE AS
THE MILITARY AREA . . . 7 THE LOWLAND ZONE AS THE CIVIL AREA . . . . 7
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY BEFORE THE ROMAN CONQUEST . . . 8 THE LOWLAND ZONE . . .
. . 8 CHALK AND OOLITE SOILS. SALISBURY PLAIN AS THE CENTRE OF
PREHISTORIC BRITAIN . . . . . . . 8 THE NEOLITHIC AGE AND THE ORIGIN OF
AGRICULTURE . . 9 THE BEAKER INVASION . . . . . 9 THE EARLY IRON AGE . .
. . . . 1 0 THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE PREHISTORIC AND MODERN POPULATION-
DISTRIBUTIONS . .. .-. . . . 1 0 SAND AND GRAVEL SOILS . . . . . . 1 0
FTJNINHABITED AREAS . . . . . . 1 1 COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . 1 3 THE
HIGHLAND ZONE . . . . . . 1 3 MEGALITHIC CULTURE . . . ._ . . 1 3 THE
BEAKER INVASION . . . . . . 1 4 THE BRONZE AGE . . . . . . .14
COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND THE CONTINENT . . 1 4 II. BRITAIN IN
THE TIME OF JULIUS CAESAR PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANCIENT
BRITONS . X . 16 NEOLITHIC AGE . . . . . . . 1 6 BRONZE AGE . . . . . 17
ROMAN PERIOD . . . . . . . 1 7 THE ROMANO-BRITISH TYPE . . /. . . 1 7 .
LANGUAGE . . . . . * . 1 8 P-CELTS AND Q-CELTS . . . . . . 1 8
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CELTIC LANGUAGE IN BRITAIN . . 19 MATERIAL
CIVILIZATION . . . . . . 1 9 ITS BRONZE-AGE BACKGROUND . . . . . 2 0
LATE BRONZE-AGE CIVILIZATION, ITS GENERAL CHARACTER . . 2 1 IRON-AGE
CULTURES . . . . . . 2 1 (1) THE EARLIEST, OF HALLSTATT TYPE . . . S .
22 (2) SOUTH-WESTERN LA TENE CULTURE . . . . 24 (3) NORTH-EASTERN LA
TENE CULTURE . . . . 2 5 (4) THE BELGAE . . . . . . 26 COINAGE AND
CURRENCY . . . . . 2 9 XII CONTENTS GENERAL SKETCH OF BRITAIN IN
CAESAR S TIME . . . 29 THE SOUTH-EAST . . . . -. . . 2 9 THE
DORSET-YORKSHIRE ZONE . . . . 3 0 THE WESTERN FRINGE . . . . . . 36
THE NAME BRITANNIA . . . . . . 3 0 III. CAESAR S INVASION CAESAR S
INTENTIONS AND MOTIVES . . . . . 3 2 HIS RETICENCE ON THESE POINTS . . .
. . 3 2 HIS TACIT ADMISSION OF FAILURE ,. . . 33 ORIGIN OF HIS BRITISH
ADVENTURE . . . . - 3 3 HIS INTENTION MUST HAVE BEEN CONQUEST . . . . 3
4 THE RECONNAISSANCE OF 55 B.C. . . . . 3 4 INFORMATION SOUGHT FROM
GAULISH MERCHANTS . . . 35 A FLEET OF TRANSPORTS EXTEMPORIZED . . . - 3
5 CAESAR SAILS FOR BRITAIN . . . . . . 3 6 THE ADVENTURES OF COMMIUS . .
. . . 3 6 CAESAR S LANDING . . . . . - 3 7 THE GALE AND DAMAGE TO HIS
FLEET . . . . 3 8 DAMAGE REPAIRED: CAESAR RETURNS TO GAUL . . - . 39
RESULTS OF THE RECONNAISSANCE . . . . * 39 CAESAR S APOLOGETIC TONE . .
. . 39 HIS FAILURE TO UNDERSTAND CHANNEL NAVIGATION . . . . 4 0 THE GAIN
IN INFORMATION SMALL . . . . / . 40 BRITISH-TACTICS AND THE CHARIOT . .
. . . 4 0 BRITISH AGRICULTURE AND THE FOOD-SUPPLY FOR AN ARMY . . - 41
THE INVASION OF 54 . . . . . . 42 NEW TRANSPORTS . . . . . . . 4 2
CONCENTRATION AT BOULOGNE . . . . 4 2 MUTINY IN THE CAMP: THE FATE OF
DUMNORIX . . - 4 3 THE CHANNEL CROSSED . . X . . - 4 3 CAESAR S MARCH
INTO KENT , . . . . 4 4 THE GALE, AND HIS RETURN TO THE COAST . . . -
4 5 THE FLEET REPAIRED AND BEACHED . . . . 4 5 THE PROBLEM OF CAESAR S
ANCHORAGE * . . . 4 5 CASSIVELLAUNUS BROUGHT INTO THE WAR . . . . 4 6
HIS RESISTANCE TO CAESAR S RENEWED ADVANCE . . . 4 7 CAESAR S VICTORY IN
A GENERAL ENGAGEMENT . . . 4 8 OPERATIONS NORTH OF THE THAMES . . . . .
4 9 ATTACK ON HIS NAVAL CAMP . . * . - 5 0 1 SUBMISSION OF
CASSIVELLAUNUS . . . . . 5 0 CAESAR RETURNS TO GAUL . . . . * 51 RESULTS
OF THE INVASION. . . . . ^ . 5 1 ITS SUCCESS IN A MILITARY SENSE . . .
. 51 ITS POLITICAL SUCCESS . . . * . . 5 2 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS . .
. . . . 5 2 DID CAESAR INTEND TO RETURN AND COMPLETE THE CONQUEST? . .
52 WHY HE DID NOT DO SO . . . . . - 5 3 CONTENTS XIII IV. FROM CAESAR TO
CLAUDIUS THE CONQUEST FROM ROME S POINT OF VIEW MERELY DEFERRED . . 54
DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITAIN . . . ,. . . 5 4 THE CATUVELLAUNI: THEIR
EXTENSION NORTH-WESTWARD . . 54 COMMIUS CREATES A NEW WESTERN BELGIC
REALM . . - 5 5 ITS ARCHAEOLOGY . . . . . . - 5 5 ITS DEVELOPMENT . . .
. . . 5 6 ITS CIVILIZATION . . . . . . 5 6 COINAGE OF THESE TWO REALMS .
. . . - 5 7 THEIR FUSION INTO ONE, IN THE TIME OF CUNOBELINUS . . 58
OTHER BRITISH COINAGES: ICENI, DOBUNI, BRIGANTES . . . 5 8 DISTRIBUTION
OF BRITISH COINAGE . . . 59 ITS STYLE: ORIGINAL DERIVATION FROM
MACEDONIAN MODELS . . 6 1 ROMANIZING MOVEMENT IN FIRST CENTURY A.D. . .
* * . 6 2 ART OF THIS PERIOD . . . . . . 63 POTTERY . . . . . . 6 3
METAL-WORK AND THE FINER ARTS . . . * . 6 5 CHRONOLOGY.OF THIS WORK -. .
. . . 6 5 THE BELGIC BRITONS: THEIR TASTE IN ART RATHER ROMAN THAN
CELTIC 66 CELTIC ART IN THE NORTH (BRIGANTIA), WEST, AND MIDLANDS . . 67
ECONOMIC LIFE . . F . . . . . 6 8 AGRICULTURE . . . . . . . . . 68
MINING AND METALLURGY . . . . . 6 8 TRADE WITH THE CONTINENT . . . . 70
ROMAN INTENTIONS WITH RELATION TO BRITAIN . . . 71 AUGUSTUS: THE RUMOURS
OF HIS INTENDED BRITISH EXPEDITIONS - . 71 HIS EXCUSES FOR NOT
CONQUERING BRITAIN: STRABO S EXPLANATIONS . 72* BRITISH REFUSAL TO COURT
HIS FRIENDSHIP . . . - 7 3 HIS REAL INTENTIONS . . . . * . 7 4 TIBERIUS.
. . . . . * . . 7 4 GAIUS: HIS PROJECTS FOR CONQUERING GERMANY AND
BRITAIN . . 75 BOOK II. THE AGE OF CONQUEST V. THE CLAUDIAN INVASION ITS
MOTIVES I . . _ . . - 7 6 THE MILITARY SITUATION . . -. . . . - 7 7
THE HERITAGE OF GAIUS THE FINANCIAL SITUATION . THE POLITICAL SITUATION
. THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE THE PLAN OF CAMPAIGN BASED ON CAESAR MUTINY AT
BOULOGNE . THE INVASION . . LANDING IN BRITAIN RICHBOROUGH THE SITUATION
IN BRITAIN . NO ORGANIZED RESISTANCE 77 77 78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 81
TOGODUMNUS AND CARATACUS . * * . . 8 2 CONTENTS BATTLE OF THE MEDWKY . .
. . . . 8 3 HALT ON THE THAMES . . . . . . 8 4 ARRIVAL OF CLAUDIUS AND
OCCUPATION OF COLCHESTER . . . 85 THE SETTLEMENT OF BRITAIN . . . . . .
. 8 5 THE REALM OF CUNOBELINUS BECOMES A PROVINCE . . . 8 5 VERULAM
BECOMES A MUNICIPIUM . . . . . 8 6 TREATMENT OF NON-BELGIC REALMS . . .
. . 8 6 COGIDUBNUS AND THE REGNI . . . . - 8 7 THE ICENI . . . . . . . 8
7 VI. CARATACUS AND BOUDICCA CARATACUS. . . . . . . . 8 8 HIS FLIGHT TO
THE WEST . . . . . . . 8 8 PROGRESS OF THE ROMAN CONQUEST ALONG RADIAL
LINES . . 89 LONDON ITS STRATEGIC CENTRE . . . . . 9 0 ADVANCE IN THREE
COLUMNS . . . . . 9 0 OSTORIUS SCAPULA GOVERNOR . . . . . 9 1 HE FINDS
THE BRIGANTES AND SILURES TROUBLESOME . . 9 1 CREATES A FRONTIER ON THE
FOSSE . . . . X 91 DISARMS THE TRIBES SOUTH-EAST OF THIS . . . . 9 2
REVOLT OF THE ICENI . . . . . - 9 2 OSTORIUS ATTACKS THE DEGEANGLI. .
. . - 9 3 THE BRIGANTES REVOLT AGAINST CARTIMANDUA . . * * 93 THE WAR
BETWEEN OSTORIUS AND CARATACUS . . . 9 4 ASCENDANCY OF CARATACUS IN THE
WEST . . . . 9 4 OSTORIUS PLANTS A LEGION AT OR NEAR GLOUCESTER . . 94
THE DECISIVE BATTLE . . . . . * 95 CARATACUS BETRAYED TO OSTORIUS BY
CARTIMANDUA . . . 9 6 CONTINUED RESISTANCE OF THE SILURES . . . . 9 6 TO
OSTORIUS . . . . . . . . 9 6 TO DIDIUS GALLUS . . . . . * 97 WHO AGAIN
SUPPORTS CARTIMANDUA AGAINST HER SUBJECTS . 97 TO VERANIUS NEPOS . , . .
. . 9 8 THE COMING OF SUETONIUS PAULINUS . . . . 9 8 HIS CAMPAIGN IN
NORTH-WESTERN WALES . . . . 9 8 BOUDICCA . . - . . . - 9 9 REVOLT OF
BOUDICCA . . . . . . - 9 9 DEATH OF PRASUTAGUS AND TREATMENT OF HIS
HEIRS. . * 99 BEGINNING OF THE REVOLT . . . * * 99 FALL OF COLCHESTER .
. . . . . 100 ROUT OF THE NINTH LEGION . . . * .100 SUETONIUS REACHES
LONDON AND EVACUATES IT . . IOI - DESTRUCTION OF LONDON AND VERULAM . .
.102 DEFEAT OF BOUDICCA . . . * . . .102 SUPPRESSION OF THE REVOLT . . *
* .102 SEVERITY OF THE GOVERNOR . . * .103 THE NEW PROCURATOR,
CLASSICIANUS, OPPOSES HIM . .103 NERO S SPECIAL COMMISSION SUPPORTS
CLASSICIANUS . .103 THE VIEWS OF TACITUS . . . . * .103 CONTENTS I XV
; VII. FROM BOUDICCA TO AGI^ICOLA THE LATER YEARS OF NERO . . . . . .105
PEACEFUL STATE OF BRITAIN . . . . . .105 THE REVOLT OF VINDEX . . . . .
.106 THE CIVIL WARS . . . . . . . 106 INSUBORDINATION OF THE LEGIONS . .
. . 106 FALL OF CARTIMANDUA . . . . . . 107 REVOLT OF CIVILIS. . . . . .
108 ACCESSION OF VESPASIAN . . . . .108 PETILLIUS CERIALIS . . . . ^ .
.109 JULIUS FRONTINUS . . . . . . . . 110 JULIUS AGRICOLA . . . . . .
.113 HIS CHARACTER . . . . . .113 HIS FIRST CAMPAIGNS . . . . . .114 HIS
CALEDONIAN WAR . . . . . .115 PERDOMITA BRITANNIA . . . . * . . 116 THE
SEQUEL . . . . . . .118 VIII. THE MAKING OF THE FRONTIER TRAJAN S REIGN
. - . . . . . . 120 THE ROMAN IDEA OF A FR.ONTIER . . . . .121 THE
FORTIFIED ROAD . . . . . . 121 THE CONTINUOUS BARRIER . . . . . .122
DOMITIAN S FRONTIERS . . . . .122 THE TRAJANIC FRONTIER IN BRITAIN . . .
. .124 THE VALLUM . . . . . . . 124 ITS CHARACTER . . . . . . .124 VIEWS
AS TO ITS PURPOSE AND DATE . . . .125 IT IS NOT THE TRAJANIC FRONTIER *
. . .126 THESTANEGATE . . . . . * . .126 REORGANIZATION IN TRAJAN S
REIGN . . . .127 THE ACCESSION OF HADRIAN . . . . . ^ . 128 HIS WORK IN
BRITAIN . . . . . .129 THE PRELUDE TO IT: (A) A DISASTER IN BRITAIN . ^
. . . I2G (5) FRONTIER-WORK IN GERMANY . . . . . .130 COMPARISON BETWEEN
HIS BRITISH AND GERMAN FRONTIERS . .130 HADRIAN S WALL . . . . . . * .
131 THE VALLUM AND ITS PROBABLE FUNCTION . . . . 13A THE BUILDING OF THE
WALL . . . - . 1 3 5 ITS GARRISON . . . . . . . 136 THE ROMAN ARMY IN
BRITAIN AT THIS TIME. . . .137 AUXILIARIES . . . . . . .138 LEGIONS . .
. . . . 139 NATIVE FORTIFICATION IN WALES . . . ** . 139 IX. THE
FRONTIER AFTER HADRIAN THE ANTONINE WALL . . . . * . 140 PECULIARITIES
IN ITS DESIGN . . . . . 140 37201 B XVI CONTENTS HOW IT WAS GARRISONED .
. . . . .141 ECONOMIES IN CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . 142 , COMPARISON
WITH THE CONTEMPORARY OUTER LIMES IN GERMANY . 143 REASONS FOR THESE
PECULIARITIES . . . . 143 MOTIVES FOR THE CREATION OF THE ANTONINE WALL
. . .146 CONSEQUENT REDISTRIBUTION OF MILITARY UNIT3 . . . 1 4 7 HISTORY
OF THE ANTONINE WALL . . . . 1 4 8 ITS BUILDING . . . . . . . 148 THE
BRIGANTIAN REVOLT AND JULIUS VERUS . . . . 149 WAS THE ANTONINE WALL
INVOLVED ? . . . .150 ANOTHER BRITISH WAR AND CALPURNIUS AGRICOLA . .
.150 THE DISASTER UNDER COMMODUS . . . . -151 RESTORATION BY ULPIUS
MARCELLUS . . . 153 EVACUATION OF THE ANTONINE WALL . . , .154 THE CIVIL
WARS OF 193-197 . . . . . . . 154 CLODIUS &I6INUS. . . . . . 155 - THE
MAEATIAN INVASION . . . . . 157 SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS . . . . . . 157.
VIRIUS LUPUS IN BRITAIN . . * . . ( . 157 SEVERUS REPAIRS HADRIAN S WALL
. . . . . 1 5 8 HIS WARS IN NORTHERN BRITAIN . . . . . 159 BOOK III.
BRITAIN UNDER ROMAN RULE X. THE MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT THE IMPERIAL
OFFICIALS . . . . . .161 LEGATUS AUGUSTI PRO PRAETORE . . . . 161 LEGALI
LEGIONUM . . . . . . 161 LEGATI IURIDICI . . . . . . .162 PROCURATORS .
. . . . . .162 THEIR WORK . . . . . . . 163 TAXATION . . . . . . 163
IMPERIAL PROPERTY . . . . . . 1 6 3 SELF-GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . 1 6 4
COLONIES . . . . . . . 164 THE MUNICIPIUM . . . . . .165 CONSTITUTION,
&C, OF SUCH TOWNS . . . . 165 SMALLER URBAN COMMUNITIES (VICI) . . .
.166 TRIBAL RES PUBLICAE . . . . . .166 THEIR GENERAL CHARACTER . . . .
.167 THEIR NUMBER AND POSITION . . . . .167 THE CONCILIUM PROVINCIAE . .
. . . . .169 THE CAPITAL OF ROMAN BRITAIN . . . . .170 COLCHESTER . .
. . . . .170 LONDON. . . . . . . . 170 THE ADMINISTRATIVE POSITION OF
YORK . . . .171 THE SEVERAN SUBDIVISION INTO TWO PROVINCES . . .172
CONTENTS XVII XI. THE PEOPLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION . . . .
.174 SOURCES OF INFORMATION . . . . . .174 THE LOWLAND ZONE . . . . .
175 THE HIGHLAND ZONE . . . . . 176 PREHISTORIC CHARACTER OF THIS
DISTRIBUTION . . . .177 DENSITY OF THE POPULATION . . . . . . 179 RISE
OR FALL IN POPULATION DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD . .180 IN THE LOWLAND ZONE
. . . . . .180 IN THE HIGHLAND ZONE . . . . . .181 IMMIGRATION . . . . .
. 181 ANALYSIS OF EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE . . . . * . 182 TRANSPLANTATIONS
IN THE LATER IMPERIAL AGE . . .183 THE EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY, - . . .183 ^ XII. THE TOWNS THE TOWN AS THE VEHICLE OF
CIVILIZATION . . . . 186 CONTRAST BETWEEN GRAECO-ROMAN AND NORTHERN
VIEWS . .186 FOR ROME, TO CIVILIZE BRITAIN MEANT TO URBANIZE IT ., .187
THE PRECEDENT OF GAUL . . . . . . 187 THE RISE OF TOWN-LIFE IN ROMAN
BRITAIN . . . 189 MUSHROOM-GROWTH UNDER CLAUDIUS . . . . 189 DESTRUCTION
BY BOUDICCA. ,. . . . .190 RECONSTRUCTION IN MORE ORDERLY FASHION . . .
.190 FLAVIAN TOWN-PLANNING . . . . . .191 CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE TOWNS
. . . . . 192 THEIR ROMANIZING FUNCTION . . . . * 93 RESISTANCE TO THIS
MOVEMENT, AND EVIDENCE OF ITS DECLINE . . 194 NEW IMPULSE WITH HADRIAN S
VISIT . . . -195 ROMANO-BRITISH TOWN-LIFE AT ITS APOGEE . . . .196
NUMBER OF TOWNS . . . . . IG6 THEIR SIZE IN ACRES . . . . . . 197
THEIR POPULATION . . . . . .197 THEIR ECONOMIC RELATION TO THE
COUNTRY-SIDE . . .198 THEIR POLITICAL AND CULTURAL FUNCTION . . . IGG
THEIR BUILDINGS AND STREETS . . . . . . IGG WORKSHOPS AND
DWELLING-HOUSES . , . . . 200 BATHS, WATER-SUPPLY, AMUSEMENTS, TEMPLES,
WALLS . . . 201 THE DECAY OF THE TOWNS . . . . . . 201 ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE FOR IT . . . .201 THE GENERAL DECAY OF TOWN-LIFE IN THE EMPIRE
. . . 203 BEGINS IN THE THIRD CENTURY * . . . . 203 ROSTOVTZEFF S THEORY
OF ITS CAUSES . . * . . 203 CHECKED BY THE WORK OF CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS .
. . 206 RENEWED IN THE FOURTH CENTURY . . . . . 206 XIII. THE
COUNTRY-SIDE AGRICULTURE IN ROMAN BRITAIN . . . . . 208 AGRICULTURE
BASED ON TOWNS AND FORTS . . . . 208 XVIII CONTENTS VILLAS AND VILLAGES
. . . . . . 209 THE RELATION BETWEEN THEM . . . . 209 THEY IMPLY TWO
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS . . . .210 TWO TYPES OF FIELD . . . . . .210 THE
ARATRUM AND CARUCA. . . . . .211 THE DISTINCTION PRE-ROMAN . . . . .212
THE VILLA SYSTEM . . . . . . 213 ITS PRE-ROMAN ORIGIN . . . . . .213
ITS GROWTH UNDER ROMAN RULE . . . . .214 ITS FUNCTION AS AN INSTRUMENT
OF ROMANIZATION . . .215 ITS PROSPERITY OUTLASTS THAT OF THE TOWNS . . .
.215 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAS . . . . . .217 THEIR CHOICE OF SITES . . . .
. .217 THEIR ARCHITECTURE . . . . .217 ORIGIN OF THEIR PLAN . . . . ,
. .218 * SIZE AND DEGREE OF CIVILIZATION . . . . .219 ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS
. . . . . .219 LAND-TENURE . . . . . . . 220 CROPS, LIVE STOCK, PRODUCE
. . . . . 220 THE VILLAGES . . . . . . . 221 THEIR GENERAL CHARACTER . .
. . .221 ROMANIZATION . . . . . . . 222 RISE OR FALL IN THEIR
POPULATION . . . . 222 LEGAL STATUS OF THEIR INHABITANTS . . . . .224
CONDITION OF THE PEASANTRY . . . . . 225 XIV. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
INDUSTRY . . . . . . . 226 SKETCH OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANO-BRITISH
INDUSTRY . . 226 EFFECTS OF THE CONQUEST . . . . . . 226^ REACTION OF
PRODUCERS TO THE NEW CONDITIONS . . .227 EQUILIBRIUM REACHED IN THIRD
CENTURY . . . .227 COLLAPSE AT THE END OF THE FOURTH. . . . . 228 MINING
AND MINERALS . . . . . .228 OWNERSHIP AND LABOUR . . . . . . 228 GOLD *
. . * . . . . 229 ARGENTIFEROUS LEAD . . . * . . 229 MENDIPS . . . . . .
. . 229 FLINTSHIRE . . . . * . . 2 3 0 SHROPSHIRE . . . . . . 230
DERBYSHIRE . . . . . . . 2 3 0 YORKSHIRE AND ALSTON MOOR . . . . . 230
TIN, . . . . . . . . . 230 COPPER . . . . . . . . 231 COAL . . . . . . .
. 231 IRON . . . . . . . . 232 IRON-SMELTING . * . . . . . 233 OWNERSHIP
AND ORGANIZATION . . . . . 233 METAL-WORKING INDUSTRIES . . . . . 234
CONTENTS XIX IRON GOODS . . . . . . 234 BRONZE-WORKING . . . , , 234
GOLDSMITHS AND SILVERSMITHS . . . . . 234 GLASS . . . . . O . . . 235
POTTERY . . . . . V . . . 235. HISTORY OF THE POTTERY INDUSTRY . . . .
235 TRIUMPH OF LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION . . . . 237 LEGIONARY AND
AUXILIARY POTTERIES . . . . 238 BRICKS AND TILES . . . . . . . 238
TEXTILES . . . . . . . . 239 FULLING-ESTABLISHMENTS IN VILLAS . . . .
239 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOOLLEN INDUSTRY . . . . 239 COMMUNICATIONS . . .
. . . . 240 ROADS: GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE ROMAN SYSTEM . . . 240 LOCAL
TRAFFIC . . . . . . 240 THE IMPERIAL POST . . . . . . 2 4 1 CONSTRUCTION
OF ROADS . . . . . . 2 4 1 WATER-BORNE TRAFFIC . . .. . . . . 2 4 1
COINAGE . . . . . . . . 241 COMMERCE . . . . . . . . 242 I M P O R T S .
. . . . . . . 242 EXPORTS . . , * . . . . . 243 SUPPOSED EXPORT OF WHEAT
UNDER JULIAN . . . 243 INTERNAL TRADE . . . . . . . 244 TOWN FORA AND
COUNTRY MARKETS . . . . 244 HAWKERS AND PEDLARS . . . . . . 245 TRADE
ACROSS THE FRONTIERS . . . . . 245 WITH SCOTLAND . . . . . . 245 WITH
IRELAND . . . . . . 245 XV. A R T CELTIC ART IN PRE-ROMAN BRITAIN . . .
. 247 ITS SPECIALIZED AND ABSTRACT CHARACTER . . . . 248 ITS HIGH
QUALITY . . . . . . . 249 INARTISTIC CHARACTER OF ROMANO-BRITISH
CIVILIZATION . . ** 249 THE PROBLEMS TO WHICH THIS CONTRAST GIVES RISE .
. . 250 CONTRAST BETWEEN THE LA TENE TRADITION AND THE GRAECO-ROMAN .
251 IMPOSSIBILITY OF FUSING THESE TWO TRADITIONS . . . . 254 APPARENT
EXCEPTION: THE BATH GORGON . . . . 255 ITS CELTIC CHARACTER . . . . . .
255 ABSENCE OF BRITISH ANALOGUES TO IT . . . . 256 METAL-WORK . . . . .
. . 256 SURVIVAL OF CELTIC STYLE IN THE NORTH . . . . 257 IN IRELAND AND
UNCONQUERED SCOTLAND . . . . . 257 POTTERY . . . . . . . . . 257 CELTIC
TENDENCIES IN CASTOR AND NEW FOREST WARES . . 257 CELTIC REVIVAL UNDER
THE LATE EMPIRE . . . . 258 HANGING-BOWLS . . ( . . . . . .258
CONDITIONS OF THIS REVIVAL . . . . . . 259 XX CONTENTS XVI. RELIGION
CONTRAST BETWEEN ARTISTIC AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN,ROMAN BRITAIN 261
THE WORSHIP OF THE OFFICIAL ROMAN GODS . . . .261 IUPPITER. . . . . . *
262 MARS . . . . . . . . 262 MERCURY AND OTHERS . . . . . .263 GENII .
. . . . . . . 263 EASTERN RELIGIONS . . . . . . . 263 CELTIC RELIGION *
. . . . . . .264 LOCAL GODS . . . . . . . 264 SULIS, NODENS . . . . . .
. 264 BRIGANTIA AND THE GODS OF THE FRONTIER DISTRICT . . 265 CELTIC
GODS AND ROMAN WORSHIPPERS . . . 266 ROMANO-CELTIC TEMPLES . . . . . .
267 THEIR LOWLAND-ZONE DISTRIBUTION AND SEMI-ROMAN CHARACTER . 267
CELTIC GODS IMPORTED FROM THE CONTINENT. . . . 268 VITIRIS . . . . . . .
. . . 268 LACK OF UNITY IN ROMANO-BRITISH PAGANISM. . . .269
CHRISTIANITY . . . . . . .270 LEGENDS AND TESTIMONIES CONCERNING ITS
EARLY GROWTH . . 270 THE FOURTH CENTURY . . . . . .270 BISHOPS AND
COUNCILS . . . . * .271 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES . . . . . 272 SITUATION
AT THE END OF THE CENTURY . . . .273 BOOK IV. THE END OF ROMAN BRITAIN
XVII. FROM SEVERUS TO HONORIUS THE EARLY THIRD CENTURY . . . . . . 274
THE GALLIC EMPIRE . . . . . . - 2 7 4 THE AGE OF REORGANIZATION . . . .
. . 2 7 5 PIRACY AND THE CLASSIS BRITANNICA . . * . - 2 7 5 MAXIMIAN AS
CAESAR IN GAUL . . . . . . 2 7 5 CARAUSIUS . . . . . * . 2 7 6 ALLECTUS.
. . . . . . . 277 CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS IN BRITAIN . . . . . 2 7 7
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WALL . . . . - 2 7 7 TOWNS REBUILT. . . . . . .
277 SAXON SHORE FORTIFIED . . . . . . 278 DIOCLETIAN S NEW IMPERIAL
SYSTEM . . . . . 279 THETETRARCHY . . . . . . 2 8 0 THE P R O V I N C E
S . . . . . . . 280 THE ARMY . . . . . . . . 2 8 0 THE NEW SYSTEM IN
BRITAIN- . . . . . 2 8 1 THE HOUSE OF CONSTANTINE . . . . . 2 8 1
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT . . . . . . 2 8 1 CONSTANS . . . . . . . 282
MAGNENTIUS . . . . . . . Q83 CONTENTS V XXI CONSTANTIUS II . **. . . . .
. 283 JULIAN . . . . . . . 283 THE HOUSE OF VALENTINIAN . . . . . 284
THE GREAT PICTISH WAR . . . . . . 284 COUNT THEODOSIUS IN BRITAIN . . .
. . 284 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WALL . . . . . 285 SIGNAL-STATIONS IN
YORKSHIRE . . . . . 285 VALENTIA . . . . . . . 2 8 6 G R A T I A N . . .
. . . . . 287 MAGNUS MAXIMUS . . . . . . 2 8 7 THE END OF THE WALL . . .
. . . 2 8 7 THE HOUSE OF THEODOSIUS . . . . . . 288 STILICHO IN BRITAIN
. . . . . . 288 ITEM PER LINEAM VALLI . . . . . .289 CUNEDDA * . . * . .
. 289 XVIII. THE END OF ROMAN RULE CONSTANTINE III . . . . . . . 2 9 1
THE GOTHIC WAR . . . . . . . 291 USURPERS INBRITAIN . . . . . . 291 THE
RESCRIPT OF HONORIUS . *-. 1 . 292 THE CONTROVERSY CONCERNING A ROMAN
REOCCUPATION OF BRITAIN AFTER 4 1 0 . . . . . . . . 2 9 2 C O N T I N E
N T A L W R I T E R S . . . . . . 2 G 2 G I L D A S . . . . . . . 2 9 3
L A C K O F A R C H A E O L O G I C A L E V I D E N C E . . . . . 2 9 4
T H E E V I D E N C E O F C O I N S . . . . . . 2 9 5 THE NOTITIA
DIGNITATUM . . . . . 295 BURY S VIEW . . . . - . . . . 295 ITS BREAKDOWN
OVER THE CASE OF THE WALL . . 296 THE ARGUMENT FROM THE COUNT OF BRITAIN
. . . 297 EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE REOCCUPATION . . . . 29G THE
EVIDENCE OF COINS . . . . . . 2GG DATING OF THE REOCCUPATION . . . .
.301 XIX. BRITAIN IN THE FIFTH CENTURY CONDITION OF BRITAIN EARLY IN THE
FIFTH CENTURY . . 302 EFFECTS OF BARBARIAN RAIDS . . . * * 302 TOWNS NOT
DESTROYED . . . . . . 302 VILLAS DECAYED . * . . . . 302 THE NATURE OF
THIS DECAY . . . . 303 MONEY NO LONGER MUCH USED ,. 303 PEASANT REVOLTS
AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES . . . . 303 ANALOGY WITH GAUL . . . . . 304
EVIDENCE FROM ST. PATRICK S LIFE . . . . 305 GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY . .
. . . . 305 BRITISH AFFAIRS FROM 400 TO 450 * , . . . . 306 TRIBAL
GOVERNMENTS RULING THE COUNTRY . . . . 306 XXII CONTENTS THE FIRST VISIT
OF ST. GERMANUS * . . ^ . . 306 INCOMPETENCE OF THESE GOVERNMENTS . . .
. 307 ECONOMIC STATE OF THE COUNTRY . * . . . 307 SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS:
CHRISTIANITY . . . . 308 PELAGIUS .* . . . . . . . 308 FASTIDIUS . . . .
. . C 309 NINIAN . . . . . . . 310 CAELESTINUS AND PATRICK . . . . .311
ECCLESIASTICAL CONTACT BETWEEN BRITAIN AND ROME . .311 THE DATE OF
EASTER . . . . . .311 PELAGIANISM. . . . . . .311 GERMANUS . . . . . . .
312 TJ^TJECAY OF IRISH PIRACY . . . . . . . 31A CONDITION OF BRITAIN
ABOUT 450 . . . . 313 THE DEPARTURE OF THE ROMANS : ITS EFFECT ON
ROMANIZATION AND PROSPERITY . . . . . . . . 313 VORTIGERN AND HIS TIMES
. . . . . .314 A NEW POLITICAL ORDER IN BRITAIN . * . .314 EFFICIENCY
OF THIS ORDER . . . . .315 ITS LOWER MORAL AND CULTURAL STANDARDS . .
315 THE BACKWASH OF CELTICISM . . . . .316 THE DISAPPEARANCE OF ROMAN
CIVILIZATION . . . .316 TWO EXTREME THEORIES . . . . . . 317 THE WASTE
CHESTERS . . . . . * 3 7 EVIDENCE OF EVACUATION BUT NOT OF MASSACRE . .
.318 NO SUCH EVACUATION IN THE HIGHLAND ZONE V . . 319 WARS BETWEEN
BRITONS AND SAXONS . . . . . 319 THE WARS OF AMBROSIUS . . . . . . 319
WANSDYKE AND OTHER MILITARY WORKS . . . * 3 9 ARTHUR . . . . . . . . 320
THE TESTIMONY OF THE HISTORIA BRITTONUM. , . .. 320 INTERPRETATION OF
THE TESTIMONY . . . .321 BOOK V. THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS, BY J. N. L.
MYRES XX. THE SOURCES FOR THE PERIOD: ANGLES, SAXONS, AND JUTES ON THE
CONTINENT IMPORTANCE OF THE PERIOD . . . . . . 325 CAUSES OF ITS
OBSCURITY . . . . . . 326 DEFICIENCIES OF THE LITERARY EVIDENCE . . . .
327 UNSATISFACTORY CHARACTER OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE . . 330
EVIDENCE OF PLACE-NAMES . . . . . 332 A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH ESSENTIAL
. . . . . 333 ANGLES, SAXONS, AND JUTES ON THE CONTINENT . . . 336 VIEWS
OF BEDE AND PROCOPIUS . . . . * . 336 TACITUS AND PTOLEMY ON THE NORTH
GERMAN TRIBES . . 338 QUESTION OF THE CHAUCI . . . . . . 339 CONTENTS
XXIII SAXON EXPANSION AND CONGESTION . . . . . 340 INCREASING WEAKNESS
OF ROMAN FRONTIERS . . . . 342 DIFFICULTY OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
ANGLES AND SAXONS . . 343 PROBLEM OF THE JUTES . . . . . . 345 ANGLES,
SAXONS, AND JUTES IN BRITAIN . . . . 347 GREAT TRIBAL CONFUSION . . . .
~ . 348 INADEQUACY OF BEDE S DISTINCTIONS V . . . 349 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE . . . . . 349 SUMMARY: IMPORTANCE OF OTHER THAN TRIBAL
DISTINCTIONS . . 350 XXI. THE COURSE OF THE CONQUEST IN KENT AND THE
SOUTH-EAST WHEN DID THE ANGLO-SAXON SETTLEMENT BEGIN? * . . 352 REASONS
FOR DATING THE ADVENTUS SAXONUM ABOUT THE MIDDLE OF THE FIFTH CENTURY .
. . . . . . 353 DIFFICULTY OF THE GAULISH CHRONICLES . . . . 353
UNCERTAINTY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE . . . 355 THE LITERARY
TRADITION OF THE SETTLEMENT OF KENT . . . 357 ITS INTRINSIC PROBABILITY
. . . . . . 359 THE DISTRIBUTION OF KENTISH CEMETERIES . . . . 360 THEIR
RELATION TO THAT OF THE EARLY LATHES . . . .361 COMPOSITE CHARACTER OF
KENTISH CULTURE . . , . 361 ITS BEARING ON THE JUTISH PROBLEM . . . .
363 THE JUTES OF HAMPSHIRE AND THE ISLE OF WIGHT . . . 364 THEIR
PROBABLE DERIVATION FROM KENT . . . . 364 DATE OF THEIR SETTLEMENT . . .
. . . 365 SETTLEMENT OF THE SOUTH SAXONS . . . . 366 THE LITERARY
TRADITION . . . . . 367 THE PLACE-NAMES OF SUSSEX . . .. * . 368 THE
SOUTH SAXON CEMETERIES . . . . . 368 SETTLEMENT OF SURREY .. . . . . ..
369 EVIDENCE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HEATHEN NAMES . . . 370 RELATION OF
SURREY TO MIDDLESEX . . . . .371 THE POSITION OF LONDON IN THE AGE OF
SETTLEMENT . . . 372 PROBLEM OF THE EAST SAXONS . . . . . 372 CONDITION
OF ESSEX IN THE ROMAN AND SAXON PERIODS: A BACKWARD AREA . . . . . . . .
373 IMPORTANCE OF THE PLACE-NAMES . . . . . 375 CONTRAST WITH KENT . . .
* . . 376 THE COMMON FEATURES IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE SOUTH-EAST . .
377 SIMILARITIES OF CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS, AND PLACE-NAMES . . 377 THE
EXTENT OF TREATY SETTLEMENT IN THE LITERARY SOURCES . . 378 CHRONOLOGY
OF THE STORY IN GILDAS . . . . 379 ITS RELEVANCE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON
TRADITIONS . ._ . 380 /ELLE OF SUSSEX, THE FIRST BRETWALDA . . . , . 380
HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AGE OF SETTLEMENT IN THE SOUTH- EAST .
* . . . . . . 381 XXIV CONTENTS XXII. THE FENLANDS, EAST ANGLIA, AND
THE PROBLEM OF WESSEX IMPORTANCE OF THE FENLANDS IN THE ANGLO-SAXON
SETTLEMENT . . 383 CONDITION OF THE FENS IN THE FIFTH CENTURY. . . . 384
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE VALLEYS THAT CONVERGE ON THEM . . 386 COMPARISON
WITH ROMAN TIMES . . . . . 387 EXTENT OF SETTLEMENT BASED ON THE
FENLANDS . . . . 388 EAST ANGLIA . . . . . . . 389 ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE FOR TEUTONIC OCCUPATION IN THE FIFTH CENTURY . . . . . . . .
38G PROBABLE FUSION OF EARLY INDEPENDENT COMMUNITIES IN THE SIXTH
CENTURY . . . . . . 390 THE EXPANSION OF EAST ANGLIA AND THE
CAMBRIDGESHIRE DYKES . 391 IMPORTANCE OF THE ICKNIELD WAY AS A ROUTE TO
THE UPPER THAMES . 393 THE PROBLEM OF WESSEX . . . . . 393 CHARACTER
OF THE UPPER THAMES VALLEY . . . . 394 ITS EARLY OCCUPATION BY WEST
SAXONS . . . . 395 DID THEY COME FROM THE CAMBRIDGE REGION? . . . 395
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARALLELS WITH MIDDLE ANGLIA . . . 396 CONFLICT WITH THE
WEST SAXON TRADITIONS . . . . 396 CHARACTER OF THESE TRADITIONS EXAMINED
. . . . 397 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF HAMPSHIRE AND
WILTSHIRE * . . . . . * . 399 SUGGESTION OF A LATE OCCUPATION SUPPORTED
BY THE PLACE-NAMES . 401 WAS THE LATER WESSEX SETTLED MAINLY FROM THE
NORTH OR SOUTH? ., 402 MEANING OF THE WANSDYKE . . . . . 402 THE
SOUTHERN ORIGIN OF THE HOUSE OF CERDIC . . . 403 WHO WERE THE GEWISSAE?
. . . . . 404 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR THE
SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE THAMES V A L L E Y . . . . . . 405 SIGNS OF A
BRITISH ENCLAVE BETWEEN THE UPPER THAMES AND MIDDLE, . ANGLIA . . . . .
. . 407 ANGLO-SAXON PENETRATION OF THE MIDLANDS . . . . 408 THE HWICCC .
. . . . . . . 409 MIXED ANGLO-SAXON OCCUPATION OF THE AVON VALLEY . . .
409 EARLY EXPLOITATION OF FOREST LAND IN THE MIDLANDS . . .410 XXIII.
THE HUMBRENSES THE HUMBER ESTUARY A FOCUS OF EARLY SETTLEMENT . . .411
PROBABLE EXTENSION TO MERCIA AND BERNICIA . . .412 FRISIAN CONNEXIONS OF
THE HUMBRENSES OF DEIRA . . .412 THE ROMAN CULTURAL BACKGROUND HERE MUCH
WEAKER THAN IN THE . SOUTH . . . . . . . . 413 THE SETTLEMENT OF
LINDSEY: ITS GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION . . 413 THE POSITION OF LINCOLN IN
THE PERIOD OF SETTLEMENT . * 4 4 THE EARLIEST MERCIA, SOUTH OF THE TRENT
. . . .416 ITS NORTHWARD EXPANSION . . . . .417 THE YORKSHIRE WOLDS AS
THE CENTRE OF DEIRA . . .418 CONTENTS XXV EARLY SETTLEMENTS ROUND YORK .
. . . * . 4 1 9 EXPANSION NORTHWARDS TO THE TEES VALLEY ., . . 420
BERNICIA SETTLED LATE AND FROM THE SEA . . . . 420 BUT THE SETTLERS CAME
FROM THE HUMBRENSES . . 421 STRUGGLES OF THE BERNICIANS WITH THE BRITONS
RECORDED BY HISTORIA BRITTONUM . . . . . . . . 422 CHARACTER OF THE
BERNICIAN SETTLEMENT . . . . 422 SUMMARY OF THE COURSE OF THE
ANGLO-SAXON INVASIONS . . 422 RELATION OF THE HISTORIC KINGDOMS TO THE
EARLIEST AREAS OF SETTLEMENT 423 CEAWLIN AND THE LATER WESSEX ^ . . . .
. 424 XXIV. THE CHARACTER OF THE CONQUEST THE PROBLEM OF CONTINUITY
BETWEEN ROMAN BRITAIN AND SAXON ENGLAND . . . . . . 425 RECENT INCREASES
OF KNOWLEDGE HAVE NOT BROUGHT FINAL ANSWERS . 425 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM
ANTHROPOLOGY AND PLACE-NAME STUDY . . 426 THE PROBLEM OF URBAN
CONTINUITY . . ,, . . 4 2 7 NECESSITY OF FURTHER TOPOGRAPHICAL STUDY . .
. . 4 2 8 DIFFICULTIES IN INTERPRETING THE TOPOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE . .
429 LITERARY EVIDENCE ON PROBLEM OF URBAN CONTINUITY . . 4 3 1 CAN WE
BELIEVE GILDAS? . . . . . . 432 NON-URBAN ATMOSPHERE OF BRITISH AND
SAXON LITERARY TRADITION . 434 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND THE FATE OF THE
TOWNS . . . 435 SAXON ATTITUDE TO TOWN LIFE . . . . . 436 THE SITUATION
IN KENT . . . . . . 436 CASE OF LONDON . . . . . . . 437 THE PROBLEM OF
THE COUNTRY-SIDE . . . . . 440 BREAKDOWN OF THE VILLA-SYSTEM . . . . .
440 ROMANO-BRITISH AND SAXON VILLAGES . . * . . 4 4 1 DIFFERENCES OF
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHOD . . 442 THE CONTRAST MORE COMPLETE IN
WESSEX THAN ELSEWHERE . . 442 INTERPRETATION OF THE KENTISH EVIDENCE . .
. . 443 THE SURVIVAL OF THE ROMANO-BRITISH P E O P L E . . . . 444
WEAKNESS OF THE CASE FOR EXTERMINATION . . . . 445 ANTHROPOLOGICAL
OPINION. . . . . * 446 NATIVE PERSISTENCE IN LATER LAWS OF WESSEX AND
KENT . . 447 EVIDENCE OF BURIAL CUSTOMS . . . . . 448 THE REVIVAL OF
CELTIC ART . . . . . 450 SUMMARY SURVEY OF THE STATE OF ENGLAND SOON
AFTER THE MIDDLE OF THE * SIXTH CENTURY . . . . . . . 451 I CONCLUSION .
. . . . . * 455 I APPENDIXES TO BOOK V . . . . .457 I BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR
BOOKS I-IV . . . .462 BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BOOK V . . . .478 INDEX . . . . .
. . . 491 LIST OF MAPS I. ROMAN BRITAIN . . . . TO FACE PAGE I II.
VILLAS AND VILLAGES IN HAMPSHIRE AND WILTSHIRE . * * 209 III. CHIEF
AREAS OF ROMAN MINING IN BRITAIN. * » » 228 IV. (A) LOCAL CULTS OF
CELTIC RELIGION; (B) AND (C) DEDICATIONS TO CERTAIN CELTIC GODS OF THE
FRONTIER REGION . . . * * 272 V. THE CONTINENTAL BACKGROUND TO THE
ENGLISH SETTLE- MENTS . . . . . . PAGE 334 VI. THE SOUTH-EAST OF BRITAIN
. . . TO FACE PAGE 353 VII. THE FENLAND SETTLEMENT AREA . . * * 385
VIII. THE GROWTH OF WESSEX . . . . -PAGE 392 IX. THE HUMBRENSES . . .
. TO FACE PAGE 413 X. THE GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS . * * 456
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118676636 (DE-588)104348917 |
| author_facet | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 |
| author_variant | r g c rg rgc j n l m jnl jnlm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV008039439 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DA145 |
| callnumber-raw | DA145 |
| callnumber-search | DA145 |
| callnumber-sort | DA 3145 |
| callnumber-subject | DA - Great Britain |
| classification_rvk | HD 400 NK 2100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)5078179 (DE-599)BVBBV008039439 |
| dewey-full | 942.01 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 942 - England and Wales |
| dewey-raw | 942.01 |
| dewey-search | 942.01 |
| dewey-sort | 3942.01 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik Geschichte |
| edition | 2. ed., repr. |
| era | Geschichte 1-500 gnd Geschichte Anfänge-550 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1-500 Geschichte Anfänge-550 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Großbritannien Great Britain History Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 Great Britain History Roman period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D Britannien (DE-588)4069666-2 gnd England (DE-588)4014770-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien Great Britain History Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 Great Britain History Roman period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D Britannien England |
| id | DE-604.BV008039439 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:13:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005289291 |
| oclc_num | 5078179 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-29 DE-B220 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-29 DE-B220 DE-188 |
| physical | XXV, 515 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1949 |
| publishDateSearch | 1949 |
| publishDateSort | 1949 |
| publisher | Clarendon Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | The Oxford history of England |
| series2 | The Oxford history of England |
| spelling | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Verfasser (DE-588)118676636 aut Roman Britain and the English settlements R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres 2. ed., repr. Oxford Clarendon Press 1949 XXV, 515 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Oxford history of England 1 Geschichte 1-500 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Anfänge-550 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Great Britain History Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 Great Britain History Roman period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D Britannien (DE-588)4069666-2 gnd rswk-swf England (DE-588)4014770-8 gnd rswk-swf England (DE-588)4014770-8 g Geschichte 1-500 z DE-604 Britannien (DE-588)4069666-2 g 1\p DE-604 Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 s 2\p DE-604 Geschichte Anfänge-550 z 3\p DE-604 Myres, John N. L. 1902- Verfasser (DE-588)104348917 aut The Oxford history of England 1 (DE-604)BV003731996 1 HEBIS Datenaustausch Mainz application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005289291&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- Roman Britain and the English settlements The Oxford history of England Geschichte Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4069666-2 (DE-588)4014770-8 |
| title | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_auth | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_exact_search | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_full | Roman Britain and the English settlements R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_fullStr | Roman Britain and the English settlements R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roman Britain and the English settlements R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_short | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_sort | roman britain and the english settlements |
| topic | Geschichte Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Siedlung Großbritannien Great Britain History Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 Great Britain History Roman period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D Britannien England |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005289291&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV003731996 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT collingwoodrobing romanbritainandtheenglishsettlements AT myresjohnnl romanbritainandtheenglishsettlements |