Death in childbirth: an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Clarendon Press
1992
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [585] - 614 |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 622 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0198229976 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV008019968 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 19940309 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 930708s1992 abd| |||| 00||| engod | ||
| 020 | |a 0198229976 |9 0-19-822997-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)26052446 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV008019968 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-473 |a DE-19 |a DE-29 |a DE-83 |a DE-11 |a DE-188 |a DE-578 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a RG516 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 362.1/982 |2 20 | |
| 084 | |a LC 56000 |0 (DE-625)90662:772 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a MS 1900 |0 (DE-625)123624: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a MS 3000 |0 (DE-625)123652: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Loudon, Irvine |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Death in childbirth |b an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 |c Irvine Loudon |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Clarendon Press |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 622 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. [585] - 614 | ||
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1950 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kraamvrouwenkoorts |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Moederschapszorg |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sterfte |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Maternal Mortality | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mothers |x Mortality |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mothers |x Mortality |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prenatal Care |x history | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prenatal care |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prenatal care |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Müttersterblichkeit |0 (DE-588)4170698-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geburtshilfe |0 (DE-588)4019604-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Geburtshilfe |0 (DE-588)4019604-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Müttersterblichkeit |0 (DE-588)4170698-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1800-1950 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005276748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005276748 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122383056896000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures xiv
List of Tables xvii
Introduction 1
PART I: THE MEASUREMENT OF MATERNAL
MORTALITY
1. The Measurement of Maternal Mortality 11
Measuring Maternal Mortality as Total Maternal Deaths
Measuring Maternal Mortality in Terms of Population
The Maternal Mortality Rate
2. Problems of Measuring Maternal Mortality 19
Stillbirths and Multiple Births
The Length of the Postnatal Period
The Registration of Births and Deaths in England and Wales
The Registration of Births and Deaths in other Countries
Nosology and the International Classification of Diseases
Associated Deaths
Associated Deaths and Multiple Causes of Death
The Proportion of Associated Deaths
Associated Deaths and International Comparisons
Hidden Maternal Deaths
Summary
PART II: THE CAUSES OF MATERNAL
MORTALITY
3. The Determinants of Maternal Mortality 43
Standards of Living and Standards of Care
The Problem of Poverty
4. Puerperal Fever 49
Puerperal Fever: Terminology and Fatality
The Clinical Course of Puerperal Fever
The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever
Charles White of Manchester
Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen
x Contents
Some other Accounts of the Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever
Oliver Wendell Holmes and Puerperal Fever
Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever
The Neglect of Gordon, Holmes, and Semmelweis
Puerperal Fever and Erysipelas
The Bacteriology of Puerperal Fever
Endogenous and Exogenous Infection
The Importance of the Asymptomatic Carrier
The Treatment of Puerperal Fever
5. Toxaemia of Pregnancy and Eclampsia 85
Early Ideas about the Nature of Toxaemia
Treatment and Prevention
Mortality from Toxaemia
6. Obstetric Haemorrhage 97
Post partum Haemorrhage
Ante partum Haemorrhage
Accidental Haemorrhage or Placental Abruption
Ante partum Haemorrhage: Placenta Praevia
The Mortality from Haemorrhage
7. Abortion 107
Abortion in Britain
Abortion in other Countries: Europe
Abortion in the Soviet Union
Abortion in the USA
Social and Legal Aspects of Abortion
8. Other Causes of Maternal Mortality 130
Contracted Pelvis and Rickets
Surgical Measures in Contracted Pelvis
The incidence of the Rachitic Contracted Pelvis
Puerperal Insanity, Puerperal Mania
Maternal Mortality, Duration of Pregnancy, and Stillbirths
PART III: MATERNAL CARE AND MATERNAL
MORTALITY IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES
9. The Importance of International Comparisons 151
BRITAIN
10. Maternal Mortality in Pre Registration England 158
Women s Perception of Maternal Mortality
11. The Eighteenth Century and the Origins of Man Midwifery 166
Contents xi
12. Maternal Care in Nineteenth Century Britain 172
Who Delivered the Babies in the Nineteenth Century?
The Nineteenth Century Midwife
Childbirth and the Medical Profession in the Nineteenth Century
Physicians, Surgeons, and the Teaching of Midwifery
Medical Education and Midwifery in Scotland
Institutional Care in the Nineteenth Century
Maternal Mortality in Institutional Deliveries
The Antiseptic Revolution
13. Maternal Care in Britain, 1900 1935 206
Midwives Acts, Government Reports, and Public Opinion
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Midwives and Handywomen
Obstetrics in General Practice, 1900 1935
Maternity Hospitals and Medical Education, 1900 1935
Maternal Care, 1900 1935
14. Maternal Mortality in Britain from 1850 to the Mid 1930s 234
Maternal Mortality, 1850 1910
Maternal Mortality, 1910 1934
Summary
Regional Variations
15. Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality in Britain, 1935 1950 254
England and Wales
The Decline of Puerperal Fever, the Sulphonamides, and the
Streptococcus
The Decline in Maternal Mortality and the Second World War
Abortion, Illegitimacy, and the War
Conclusions
USA
16. The Geography and Politics of Maternal Care in the USA: 274
Introduction
The Politics of Maternal Care in the USA
Maternal Mortality and the Public Health
17. Home Deliveries and the General Practitioner 281
The Old Style of Family Doctor
The Conservative Phase of Obstetric Practice
Increased Intervention in Home Deliveries
The General Practitioner and Maternal Mortality
Rural and Urban Maternal Mortality
Medical Education and Obstetrics in die USA
xii Contents
18. The American Midwife 298
The Registration and Education of American Midwives
The Immigrant Midwives
Rural Midwifery in the Early Twentieth Century
The Black Midwives of the Southern States
The Kentucky Frontier Nursing Service
Obstetricians against Midwives
19. The American Lying in Hospital, 1850 1910 327
The Lying in Hospitals, 1850 1910
Antisepsis and Hospital Deliveries
Maternal Care and the Hospital, 1900 1935
Out patient Maternity Services
20. Attitudes to Childbirth and the Problem of Pain 340
Primitive and Civilized Women
Pain Relief in Childbirth
Twilight Sleep
Pain Relief after Twilight Sleep
21. The Orgy of Interference 351
DeLee and the Prophylactic Forceps Operation
The Extent of Interference
Michigan: A Typical State?
22. Maternal Mortality in the USA 365
Regional Differences in Maternal Mortality
Maternal Mortality and Race in the USA
Poverty and Maternal Mortality amongst Non White Women
Secular Trends in Maternal Mortality in Various States
Conclusions
Maternal Care and Mortality in Two North American Religious Groups
EUROPE
23. Introduction 398
Some General Differences
24. European Midwives 402
The French Midwives
The Swedish Midwives
The Dutch Midwives
The Danish Midwives
The European Midwives
25. European Lying in Hospitals and Obstetricians 428
The Problem of Puerperal Fever
Tarnier and Puerperal Fever in Paris
Maternal Mortality and Antisepsis on the Continent
Contents xiii
26. Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality in Selected European 445
Countries
Genetic, Socio economic, and Cultural Differences as the Explanation
of Maternal Mortality Rates
Trends in European Maternal Mortality
The Effects of the Second World War
27. AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 463
Australia
Australia: Standards of Maternal Care in the Inter war Period
Abortion in Australia
The Decline in Maternal Mortality in Australia
New Zealand
28. Maternal and Infant Mortality 483
Definition of Mortality Rates
The Determinants of Infant Mortality
The Shift of Infant Mortality from Post Neonatal to Neonatal during
the Twentieth Century
Secular Trends in Infant and Maternal Mortality
The Effects of Social and Economic Deprivation on Maternal and
Infant Mortality
International and Regional Comparisons of Infant and Maternal
Mortality
Maternal Mortality and Maternal Age and Parity
Neonatal Mortality and Maternal Age and Parity
The Direct Causes of Maternal and Infant Mortality
Prematurity and Pre term Delivery
Birth Injury
Causes in Individuals and in Populations
Conclusions
Appendix 1: Hidden Maternal Deaths 518
Appendix 2: England and Wales: The Classification of Maternal 525
Deaths
Appendix 3: Reports on Maternal Mortality in the USA 528
Appendix 4: Numbers of Births and Statistical Significance 532
Appendix 5: The Problem of Streptococcal Virulence 534
Appendix 6: Tables 541
Select Bibliography 585
Britain
United States of America
Europe
Australia and New Zealand
Index 616
List of Figures
1.1 England and Wales, 1851 60 to 1971 80. Total Births and Total
Maternal Deaths 12
1.2 England and Wales, 1851 60 to 1971 80. Population of women
aged 15 44, Birth Rate, and Maternal Death Rate 13
1.3 England and Wales, 1850 1970. Annual rates of Maternal Mortality 15
1.4 England and Wales, 1850 1980, Maternal Mortality Rates (five year
averages) logarithmic scale 16
4.1 England and Wales, 1865 1900. Showing the trend in Maternal
Mortality due to puerperal fever and other causes 73
4.2 England and Wales, 1860 1879. Deaths per million people living,
due to scarlet fever, erysipelas, and puerperal fever. Death rates
shown as the mean value for the whole period of twenty five years
and as the percentage variation above or below the mean in each year 74
4.3 England and Wales, 1911 1945. Death rates from erysipelas and
scarlet fever per 100,000 people of all ages, and the maternal
mortality rate per 1,000 births due to puerperal fever 75
7.1 England and Wales 1934, USA 1933. Deaths due to abortion (septic
and non septic) and puerperal sepsis (abortive and non abortive)
shown as percentages of total maternal mortality 113
8.1 Illustration of the female pelvis as seen from above. A is the normal
female pelvis. B is a female pelvis with severe distortion caused by
childhood rickets 132
9.1 Schematic representation of the trends in Maternal Mortality in
various countries, 1889 1950 152
9.2 Trend in Maternal Mortality in the USA, England and Wales, and
the Netherlands, 1900 1970. Logarithmic Scale 154
9.3 The percentage of home deliveries in the USA, England and Wales,
and Sweden, 1900 1960 155
10.1 Estimates of Maternal Mortality in England, 1650 1870 159
14.1 England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Annual rates of Maternal
Mortality, 1850 1950 235
14.2 England and Wales. Annual Rates of Maternal Mortality and the
trend between 1870 and 1910 by regression analysis 235
14.3 England and Wales. Annual rates of Maternal Mortality and the
trend between 1911 and 1934 by regression analysis 236
14.4 England and Wales, 1870 1910. Annual rates of death due to
erysipelas (number of deaths per million persons living) and
Maternal Mortality due to puerperal sepsis (Number of Deaths per
10,000 births) 236
14.5 Scotland, 1911 1945. Trend in maternal deaths due to certain
causes. Deaths per 10,000 births indexed to 100 in 1911 1945 249
List of Figures ^
14.6 Maternal Mortality Rates in Administrative Counties of England and
Wales for the decade 1924 1933 253
15.1 England and Wales, 1931 1950. The trends in Maternal Mortality
Rates by cause, indexed to 100 in 1931 255
18.1 USA, 1935 1954. Live births by attendant 299
22.1 USA, 1915 1960. Trend in Maternal Mortality. Annual rates 366
22.2 The periods in which States were admitted to the United States
Death Registration Area 367
22.3 USA 1938 1940. Interstate variations in Maternal Mortality Rates
in terms of four categories of Maternal Mortality 367
22.4 USA, 1938 1940. States ranked according to their level of Maternal
Mortality expressed as a percentage above or below the national
average 368
22.5 USA, 1940. Total non white births and non white births attended
by midwives in various states 373
22.6 USA, Massachusetts, 1850 1965. Trend in Maternal Mortality 382
22.7 USA, Minnesota, 1915 1947. Trend in Maternal Mortality 382
22.8 USA, Mississippi, 1920 1970. Trend in Maternal Mortality 383
22.9 USA, Kentucky, 1911 1939. Trend in Maternal Mortality 383
22.10 USA, Virginia, 1928 1947. Trend in Maternal Mortality 384
22.11 Decline in Maternal Mortality rates in selected States of the USA
and selected countries between 1939 and 1949. Logarithmic scale 390
22.12 United States, 1939 1948. The proportionate reduction in Maternal
Mortality by various causes 392
24.1 Sweden, 1842 1920. Annual number of midwives examined and
authorized to undertake instrumental deliveries 408
24.2 Sweden, 1751 1980. Trend in Maternal Mortality Rate per 100,000
live births. Annual mean, five year periods 409
24.3 Sweden rural areas, quinquennial periods, 1861 1894. Trend in
Maternal Mortality Rates due to causes other than sepsis, and
percentage of deliveries by trained midwives 411
24.4 Sweden and Norway. Quinquennial periods, 1861 5 to 1900 5.
Trend in Maternal Mortality shown as maternal deaths from all
causes (in the case of Sweden from 1816 21 to 1901 5), maternal
deaths due to puerperal fever, and maternal deaths due to causes
other than puerperal fever 413
25.1 Liege Maternity Hospital, 1860 1910. Maternal Mortality and the
introduction of antisepsis 438
26.1 The Netherlands 1900 1950, Norway 1900 1920, and Denmark
1900 1940. Trends in annual rates of Maternal Mortality 451
26.2 Sweden, England and Wales, and Scotland, 1910 1934. The trend
in direct maternal deaths per 10,000 births due to causes other than
puerperal sepsis and abortion 452
26.3 England and Wales. Secular trends in Maternal Mortality 1905
1960. Infant Mortality 1910 1960 and Neonatal mortality 1928
1960 456
26.4 Infant Mortality rates, selected European countries 1925 1965,
xvi List of Figures
showing the effects of the Second World War 457
26.5 The trend in deaths from puerperal sepsis in France and England
and Wales, 1925 1950, showing the effects of the Second World
War 458
26.6 The Netherlands. Annual trends in Maternal Mortality 1905 1950
and in Infant and Neonatal Mortality 1910 1960, showing the
effects of the Second World War 459
26.7 The Maltese Islands. Maternal, Infant, and Neonatal Mortality,
1924 1960. Showing the effects of the siege during the Second
World War. Infant Mortality for England and Wales shown for
comparison 461
27.1 Australia and New Zealand. 1905 1950, Annual trends in Maternal
Mortality 465
27.2 New Zealand, 1927 1950. Annual rates of Maternal Mortality from
all causes, from post partum sepsis, and from septic abortion.
Logaritmic scale 480
28.1 Diagram showing the definitions of mortality rates as they apply to
the foetus, the neonate, and the infant 486
28.2 USA, 1954. Infant Mortality by age 487
28.3 England and Wales, 1905 1960. Secular trends in Maternal, Infant,
and Neonatal Mortality 489
28.4 England and Wales 1905 1985. Secular trends in Post Neonatal
and Neonatal Mortality 490
28.5 England and Wales 1905 1985. Secular trends in Early and Late
Neonatal Mortality 490
28.6 The Netherlands. Infant Mortality, Neonatal, and Post Neonatal
Mortality in 1900, 1930, and 1960 491
28.7 New York State, 1936 1938. The effect of parity on the Maternal
and Neonatal Mortality Rates for mothers of all ages 503
28.8 New York State, 1936 1938. The effect of age on Maternal
Mortality for mothers of various parities 504
28.9 New York State, 1936 1938. The effect of parity on Maternal
Mortality Rates for mothers of various ages 505
28.10 Effects of maternal age on Maternal Mortality Rates for first, second,
and fifth births in New York State 1936 1938 and England and
Wales, 1976 1984 507
App. 5.1 England and Wales, 1911 1939. Fatality rates of scarlet fever and
erysipelas 538
List of Tables
1.1 Female Population, Birth Rate, and Maternal Mortality Rate in England
and Wales, 1851 1980 14
2.1 Post natal maternal deaths in Canada, 1927 and 1928, according to the
interval between birth and maternal death 22
2.2 Births and Maternal Deaths in England and Wales, 1871 1878 24
2.3 The Assignment of 447 Maternal Deaths according to the Methodology
Used in Various Countries 33
2.4 The Effect of Differences in Methodology on the Reported Maternal
Mortality Rates in Certain Countries, 1927 34
4.1 Ante mortem Bacteriological Findings in a Series of 109 Cases of
Puerperal Septicaemia, North of England, 1925 53
4.2 Bacteriological Findings in 88 Cases of Puerperal Fever, Aberdeen,
1918 1927 54
4.3 Deaths from Puerperal Septicaemia in Relation to Time of Delivery,
Canada, 1927 1928 55
4.4 Deaths from Puerperal Septicaemia in Relation to Days after Delivery,
Scotland, 1929 1933 55
4.5 The Maternal Mortality Rate in the Two Clinics of the Vienna
Maternity Hospital before and after the Introduction of Semmekveis s
Reforms 67
4.6 Maternal Mortality Rates in Norway and its regions, 1866 1877 76
5.1 Medical Treatments for Eclampsia and Pre eclampsia 89
5.2 Maternal Mortality Rate Due to Puerperal Convulsions and
Albuminuria of Pregnancy , England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland,
1912 1920 93
5.3 Deaths Due to Puerperal Convulsions and Albuminuria of Pregnancy
Expressed as a Percentage of Total Maternal Mortality in Various Parts
ofBritain, 1912 1920 93
5.4 Incidence and Maternal Mortality of Toxaemia of Pregnancy in Various
Countries up to the Mid 1930s 94
6.1 Cases of Obstetric Haemorrhage, Edinburgh Maternity Hospital,
1844 1846 103
6.2 Maternal Mortality Rates Due to Various Categories of Obstetric
Haemorrhage in Various Countries at Various Periods 104
7.1 Deaths Due to Septic and Non Septic Abortion, England and Wales,
1928 1934 HO
7.2 Abortion Deaths of Married, Single, Widowed, and Divorced Women,
England and Wales, 1926 1930 111
7.3 Deaths Due to Abortion in Married and Single Women, England and
Wales, 1934 m
xviii List of Tables
7.4 Maternal Mortality (Married Women only), according to Social Class of
Husband, England and Wales, 1930 1932 111
7.5 Deaths from Abortion and Sepsis, England and Wales, 1934, Scotland,
1931 1935, and Ireland (Eire), 1931 1935 112
7.6 Percentages of Pregnancies that Ended in Live Births, Stillbirths, or
Spontaneous and Illegal abortions in various American Cities in the
1920s and 1930s 122
8.1 The Change from Craniotomy to Caesarean Section for the Treatment
of Severe Cases of Contracted Pelvis, Queen Charlotte s Hospital,
London, 1890 1909 136
8.2 Estimates of the Incidence and Maternal Mortality associated with
Contracted Pelvis in Various Countries, 1787 1899 139
8.3 Craniotomy Rates in the Practices of General Practitioners in
Nineteenth Century Britain 141
8.4 Duration of Pregnancy in Relation to Cause of Maternal Death,
Aberdeen, 1918 1927 146
8.5 Puerperal Mortality in Relation to Stillbirths, Aberdeen, 1918 1927 147
9.1 Maternal Mortality Rates in Certain Countries, 1920 153
9.2 Maternal Mortality in the USA, England and Wales, and the
Netherlands, 1920, 1940, and 1960 154
10.1 Deaths from All Causes, from Phthisis, and from Puerperal Causes,
England and Wales, 1890 1930 163
12.1 Maternal Mortality in General Practice in the Nineteenth Century 187
12.2 Maternal Mortality in British Lying in Hospitals before 1880 198
12.3 Maternal Mortality in English Out Patient Lying in Charities before
1880 199
12.4 Stillbirths and Maternal Deaths Recorded by the Eastern District of the
Royal Maternity Charity, London, 1831 1843 200
12.5 Maternal Mortality at Various London Maternity Institutions following
the Introduction of Antisepsis in the Early 1880s 201
13.1 The Changing Proportion of Deliveries by Doctors and Midwives in
Derbyshire between 1910 and 1913 209
13.2 Domiciliary Midwifery Cases Attended by Miss Nora Haines, Queen s
Nurse and Registered midwife, in 1936 and 1937 215
13.3 Number and Maternal Mortality Rate of Deliveries by Queen s Institute
Midwives 1905 1931 Compared with Rates for England and Wales 216
13.4 Number, Type, and Size of Hospitals and Related Institutions for the
Physically 111 in England and Wales, 1891 1931 225
13.5 Maternal Mortality Rates by Cause in Four Lying in Hospitals,
1909 1914 226
13.6 The Distribution of Births between Home and Institutions, and
between Midwives and Doctors in Manchester, 1930 1933 228
13.7 Total Deliveries, Institutional Deliveries, and Home Deliveries by Type
of Birth Attendant, England and Wales, 1938 231
14.1 Maternal Mortality Due to Puerperal Sepsis from 1870 to 1905, Before
and After the Introduction of Antisepsis in the 1880s 239
List of Tables xix
14.2 Maternal Mortality by Gravidity for All Causes and for Various
Categories of Death, Scotland 1929 1933 242
14.3 Maternal Mortality according to Social Class, England and Wales,
1930 1932 245
14.4 Deaths from Puerperal Sepsis and Abortion, England, Wales, and
Scotland, 1930 247
14.5 Maternal Deaths by Cause in Scotland, 1911 1945 248
15.1 Decline in Maternal Mortality by cause, England and Wales, 1935
1950 256
15.2 Decline in Maternal Mortality by cause, Scotland and Eire, 1935 1950 256
15.3 Live Births in Institutions as a Percentage of Total Live Births, England
and Wales, 1927, 1932, 1937, and 1946 265
15.4 Circumstances of Confinement in Three Selected Occupational
Groups and for All Mothers, England and Wales, 1946 265
15.5 Maternal Deaths from Abortion and Illegitimate Maternities, England
and Wales, 1938 1948 268
16.1 Characteristics of County Groups in the States of the USA Based on
the 1940 Census 276
17.1 Hospital and Home Deliveries in Selected American States, Showing
the Percentage of Hospital and Home Deliveries by Physicians, and
Home Deliveries by Midwives, 1945 1946 284
17.2 A Series of Deliveries in the Private Practice of an American General
Practitioner between 1811 and 1838 288
17.3 Place of Delivery and Birth Attendant at Delivery according to
Economic Status, Cleveland, Ohio, 1931 292
17.4 Maternal Mortality Rates according to Type of Birth Attendant,
Cleveland, Ohio, 1931 292
17.5 Maternal Mortality Rate (Deaths per 10,000 Births) in Rural and
Urban Areas of Kentucky, 1936 1939 294
17.6 Death Rates from Puerperal Causes per 100,000 Population in Cities
and Rural Districts of the USA and of Certain Selected States, 1926 294
17.7 Maternal Mortality Rates (Deaths per 10,000 Births) in County Groups
of the USA, 1941 1945 and 1944 1948 295
18.1 Authorized and Unlicensed Midwives in Certain States in the USA in
1923 302
18.2 Certain Characteristics of the Midwives of New York and Chicago at
the Beginning of the Twentieth Century 304
18.3 The Birth Attendants in a Series of Deliveries in Rural Mississippi in
1920 312
18.4 Care by Different Types of Birth Attendant and the Outcome of
Deliveries, Alabama, 193 5 312
18.5 Maternal Deaths by Cause and by Race, South Carolina, 1934 1935 313
18.6 The Proportion of Births Attended by Midwives in Various Countries
and Various States in the USA 314
18.7 Maternal Deaths by Cause, Kentucky, 1932 1936 314
18.8 Maternal Mortality Rates in the USA, 1968 1975 315
xx List of Tables
18.9 Maternal Mortality Rate of Deliveries Undertaken by the Kentucky
Frontier Nursing Service 320
18.10 Maternal Mortality by Birth attendant in Various States in the USA,
1914 1928 324
19.1 The Maternal Mortality Rates of Lying in Hospitals in Different
Countries and of American Lying in Hospitals in the 1880s 328
19.2 Maternal Mortality Rate in New York s Lying in Hospitals between
1856 and 1876 and the Estimated Rate for Home Deliveries in New
York in 1870 329
19.3 Boston Lying in Hospital: The Outcome of In Patient and Out Patient
Deliveries, 1873 1944 331
19.4 The Outcome of Out Patient Obstetric Services in the USA at Various
Periods 337
21.1 Analysis of 91,000 Deliveries in Iowa for the Years 1930 1932 359
21.2 Type of Operation Employed in 10,818 Operative Deliveries in Iowa
for the Years 1930 1932 361
21.3 Allocation of Maternal Deaths by Place of Delivery, Pontiac, Michigan, »
1935 1939 362
22.1 Maternal Mortality by Cause of Death in the USA in Five Year Periods
from 1900 to 1920 370
22.2 Maternal Mortality Rates according to Colour in States with Few Births
and with Many Births to Black Women, 1938 1940 374
22.3 Maternal and Infant Mortality Rates in the USA, 1930 1938 375
22.4 Maternal Mortality Rate, Percentage Delivered in Hospital, and
Percentage Delivered by Physicians in the USA, 1937 376
22.5 Maternal Mortality Rates in Fifteen States in the USA in 1934 due to
Various Types of Abortion 386
22.6 Maternal Mortality in Virginia in 1932, 1940, and 1952 by Cause and
according to Colour 387
22.7 Maternal Mortality in the Philadelphia Lying in Hospital, 1929 37,
1938 45, and 1946 53 391
24.1 Population, Total Number of Midwives, and midwives per Million
Population in the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden,
1929 1930 420
24.2 The Number of Midwives and Doctors, and the Proportion of each to
Total Population, Norway, 1860 1960 420
25.1 Maternal Mortality in Certain European Lying in Hospitals in the
Nineteenth Century 431
25.2 Home Deliveries and Maternal Mortality in Various European Towns 432
25.3 Deliveries, Maternal Deaths, and Maternal Mortality per
10,000 Deliveries in Hospital, Home, and Total Deliveries, Paris,
1862 432
25.4 Deliveries and Maternal Deaths in the Town and the Maternity
Hospital, Amsterdam, 1865 1900 440
25.5 Various Towns in the Netherlands: Deliveries and Maternal Deaths
from all Causes 441
List of Tables xxi
25.6 Total Deliveries, Maternal Deaths, and Maternal Mortality in Two
Groups of Towns, the Netherlands, 1865 1895 441
25.7 Total Maternal Deaths and Deaths from Abortion in the Four Largest
Towns in the Netherlands, 1865 1900 442
25.8 Maternal mortality in two groups of deliveries, the Netherlands, 1900.
Group A, deliveries in maternity hospitals and schools of midwifery.
Group B, home deliveries in the four major towns, 13 secondary towns,
and 46 small towns. 444
26.1 Maternal Mortality Rates in Scandinavia and in Native White and
Scandinavian Born Immigrants in the USA in 1921 448
26.2 Maternal Mortality in Various Countries and Cities in 1875 1879 and
1900 1904 449
26.3 Deaths Due to Puerperal Fever as a Percentage of Total Maternal
Mortality in Various Countries, 1920 1924 450
26.4 Maternal Mortality Rates after the Exclusion of Deaths from Abortion
in Various Countries during the Inter war Period 453
27.1 Cause of Death of Females Aged 15 49 in Australia in 1923 465
27.2 Maternal Mortality Rates, Deliveries, and Population Density in
Australia in 1923 467
27.3 Distribution of Maternal Deaths by Cause, Total Births, and Maternal
Mortality Rate from All Causes, Commonwealth of Australia,
1920 1923 and New South Wales, 1928 1933 468
27.4 Maternal Mortality Rates from Post partum Puerperal Sepsis and
Septic Abortion, Australia, New Zealand, and England and Wales,
1931 1950 474
28.1 Neonatal and Stillbirth Rates according to whether the Mother
Survived or Died, New York State (exclusive of New York City),
1936 1938 484
28.2 Causes of Neonatal and Post Neonatal Deaths, USA, 1939 487
28.3 England and Wales, 1928 1958. The Decline in Infant and Neonatal
Mortality 488
28.4 Maternal, Infant, Post Neonatal, and Neonatal Mortality in the USA in
1915 and 1929. 492
28.5 Infant and Neonatal Mortality according to Social Class, England and
Wales, 1911 1932 493
28.6 Infant Mortality by Certain Causes in Social Classes I and V, England
and Wales, 1921 1932 494
28.7 Maternal Mortality, 1921 1924, and Infant and Neonatal Mortality,
1924, in Certain Countries 497
28.8 Maternal Mortality Rate per 10,000 Deliveries by Order of Birth
(Parity) for Mothers of All Ages, New York State (exclusive of New
York City), 1936 1938 500
28.9 Maternal Mortality Rate per 10,000 Deliveries by Maternal Age for
Mothers of All Parities, New York State (exclusive of New York City),
1936 1938 500
28.10 Neonatal Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Parity and by Age of
xxii List of Tables
Mother, New York State (exclusive of New York City), 1936 1938 501
28.11 The Associations between Age and Maternal Mortality and between
Parity and Maternal Mortality, showing that Maternal Age and Parity
are Independent Factors in the Determination of the Level of Maternal
Mortality, New York State (exclusive of New York City), 1936 1938 502
28.12 Causes of Maternal Mortality and their Relationship to Neonatal
Mortality, England and Wales, 1934 514
APPENDIX TABLES
1. England and Wales. Annual Rates of Maternal Mortality, 1847 1945,
1946 1981. Maternal Deaths per 10,000 Births 542
2. The Number of Births, the Number of Maternal Deaths, and the
Maternal Mortality Rates for England and Wales for the Years
1872 1878 inclusive, in order to Demonstrate the Extent of the
Registration, Effect of the Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1874 546
3. Scotland. Annual Rates of Maternal Mortality, 1856 1950. Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births 546
4. Ireland/Eire. Annual Rates of Maternal Mortality, 1870 1950. Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births 549
5. USA. Maternal Mortality in the USA from 1900 to 1920, Based on Data
from those States which Comprised the Death Registration Area in 1900 551
6. USA. 1915 1953. Annual Rates of Maternal Mortality by Race, Showing
Rates for Total Population, White Population, and Non White Population 551
7. Sweden. 1756 1950. Maternal Mortality from All Causes. Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births 553
8. Denmark. Maternal Mortality, 1890 1940. Maternal Deaths per 1,000
Births 555
9. The Netherlands, 1900 1950. Maternal Mortality Expressed as Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births 555
10. Belgium. 1851 1950. Maternal Mortality from All Causes. Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births to Nearest Whole Number 557
11. Iceland. 1911 1960. Maternal Mortality Rate per 10,000 Births and
Number of Maternal Deaths 559
12. Maternal Mortality in the Commonwealth of Australia and Certain States
from 1871 to 1950. Maternal Mortality Rate Expressed as Maternal
Deaths per 10,000 Births 560
13. Maternal Mortality in the Commonwealth of Australia, 1931 1950 561
14. New Zealand, 1872 1950. Maternal Mortality Rates. Maternal Deaths
per 10,000 Births to Nearest Whole Number 561
15. Amsterdam. 1875 1949. Maternal Mortality Rate for Puerperal Fever
and all Puerperal Causes. Maternal Deaths per 10,000 Births 564
16. Paris. 1880 1950. Maternal Mortality Rates. Maternal Deaths per 10,000
Births 566
17. Maternal Mortality in Rural Bangladesh. 1982 1983. Maternal Mortality
Rate per 10,000 Live Births 567
List of Tables xxiii
18. The Administrative Counties of England and Wales Ranked in Order of
their Maternal Mortality Rates per 10,000 Births during the Decennium
1924 1933 568
19. England and Wales. 1921. Causes of Death amongst Women Aged
15 44. Number of Deaths 570
20. England and Wales. 1872 1876. Maternal Deaths by Cause 570
21. England and Wales. 1872 1876, 1930, and 1979 1981. Total Number
of Maternal Deaths, Maternal Mortality Rate, and the Percentage of
Deaths Due to Certain Causes 571
22. Maternal Mortality at the Dublin Lying in Hospital under Successive
Masterships from 1745 to 1940 572
23. The Dates at which the Various States of the USA were Admitted to the
USA Death Registration Area, Arranged in Three Groups 573
24. Land Areas and Population Densities in 1900 and 1980 of Certain
Countries and Selected States of the USA 574
25. Maternal Mortality in the USA by State. 1940 and 1960 575
26. USA. 1955. Maternal Mortality, Perinatal Mortality, and Infant Mortality
by State 577
27. Distribution of Post Partum Maternal Deaths by Cause of Death and by
Interval between Birth of Child and Death of Mother. New York State
(exclusive of New York City), 1936 1938 580
28. Dates from which Vital Statistics First Became Available in Certain
Countries 580
29. Maternal Mortality Rate per 10,000 Births, and the Percentage of Deaths
Due to Puerperal Sepsis and to other Causes in Certain Countries,
1920 1924 581
30. Rates of Version, Forceps Deliveries, and Craniotomy in Certain
European Hospitals. Mid Nineteenth Century 582
31. Deaths per Million Persons Living: Scarlet Fever, Erysipelas, Puerperal
Fever, and Mortality Rate from Puerperal Fever per 1,000 Live Births,
1860 1879. England and Wales 583
32. Some of the Sulphonamides which became Available between 1936 and
1940 584
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Loudon, Irvine |
| author_facet | Loudon, Irvine |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Loudon, Irvine |
| author_variant | i l il |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV008019968 |
| callnumber-first | R - Medicine |
| callnumber-label | RG516 |
| callnumber-raw | RG516 |
| callnumber-search | RG516 |
| callnumber-sort | RG 3516 |
| callnumber-subject | RG - Gynecology and Obstetrics |
| classification_rvk | LC 56000 MS 1900 MS 3000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)26052446 (DE-599)BVBBV008019968 |
| dewey-full | 362.1/982 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 362 - Social problems and services to groups |
| dewey-raw | 362.1/982 |
| dewey-search | 362.1/982 |
| dewey-sort | 3362.1 3982 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1950 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02415nam a2200613 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV008019968</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">19940309 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">930708s1992 abd| |||| 00||| engod</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0198229976</subfield><subfield code="9">0-19-822997-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)26052446</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV008019968</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-83</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-578</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RG516</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">362.1/982</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LC 56000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90662:772</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MS 1900</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123624:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MS 3000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123652:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Loudon, Irvine</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Death in childbirth</subfield><subfield code="b">an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950</subfield><subfield code="c">Irvine Loudon</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Clarendon Press</subfield><subfield code="c">1992</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXIII, 622 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturverz. S. [585] - 614</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1800-1900</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1800-1950</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kraamvrouwenkoorts</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Moederschapszorg</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sterfte</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Maternal Mortality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mothers</subfield><subfield code="x">Mortality</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">19th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mothers</subfield><subfield code="x">Mortality</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Prenatal Care</subfield><subfield code="x">history</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Prenatal care</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">19th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Prenatal care</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Müttersterblichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170698-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geburtshilfe</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4019604-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Geburtshilfe</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4019604-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Müttersterblichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170698-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1800-1950</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005276748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005276748</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV008019968 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:13:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0198229976 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005276748 |
| oclc_num | 26052446 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 DE-578 |
| physical | XXIII, 622 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Clarendon Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Loudon, Irvine Verfasser aut Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 Irvine Loudon Oxford Clarendon Press 1992 XXIII, 622 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. [585] - 614 Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd rswk-swf Kraamvrouwenkoorts gtt Moederschapszorg gtt Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle Sterfte gtt Geschichte Maternal Mortality Mothers Mortality History 19th century Mothers Mortality History 20th century Prenatal Care history Prenatal care History 19th century Prenatal care History 20th century Müttersterblichkeit (DE-588)4170698-5 gnd rswk-swf Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd rswk-swf Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 s Müttersterblichkeit (DE-588)4170698-5 s Geschichte 1800-1950 z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005276748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Loudon, Irvine Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 Kraamvrouwenkoorts gtt Moederschapszorg gtt Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle Sterfte gtt Geschichte Maternal Mortality Mothers Mortality History 19th century Mothers Mortality History 20th century Prenatal Care history Prenatal care History 19th century Prenatal care History 20th century Müttersterblichkeit (DE-588)4170698-5 gnd Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4170698-5 (DE-588)4019604-5 |
| title | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 |
| title_auth | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 |
| title_exact_search | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 |
| title_full | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 Irvine Loudon |
| title_fullStr | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 Irvine Loudon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 Irvine Loudon |
| title_short | Death in childbirth |
| title_sort | death in childbirth an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality 1800 1950 |
| title_sub | an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality ; 1800 - 1950 |
| topic | Kraamvrouwenkoorts gtt Moederschapszorg gtt Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle Sterfte gtt Geschichte Maternal Mortality Mothers Mortality History 19th century Mothers Mortality History 20th century Prenatal Care history Prenatal care History 19th century Prenatal care History 20th century Müttersterblichkeit (DE-588)4170698-5 gnd Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kraamvrouwenkoorts Moederschapszorg Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 19e siècle Mères - Mortalité - Histoire - 20e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 19e siècle Soins prénatals - Histoire - 20e siècle Sterfte Geschichte Maternal Mortality Mothers Mortality History 19th century Mothers Mortality History 20th century Prenatal Care history Prenatal care History 19th century Prenatal care History 20th century Müttersterblichkeit Geburtshilfe |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005276748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT loudonirvine deathinchildbirthaninternationalstudyofmaternalcareandmaternalmortality18001950 |