Children's understanding: the development of mental models
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hillsdale, NJ u.a.
Erlbaum
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 521 S. Ill., graph Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0898599709 0805812334 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122380068454400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Children s understanding
Autor: Halford, Graeme S.
Jahr: 1993
Contents
PREFACE xi
PARTI INTRODUCTION
1 THE NATURE OF UNDERSTANDING 1
Understanding and Mental Models 3
Nature of Understanding 7
Understanding and Reasoning 10
Understanding and Cognitive Development 14
Outline of the Book 17
PART II GENERAL PROCESSES
2 MENTAL MODELS AND REPRESENTATIONS 21
The Nature of Mental Models 22
Representations 24
Knowledge Representation 34
Origins of Mental Models 51
Empirical Techniques 65
Summary 69
Appendix 2.A Structure and Structure
Mapping 71
Appendix 2.B The Dimensionality Metric 73
viii CONTENTS
3 CAPACITY AND COMPLEXITY 75
Resources 77
Alternate Concepts of Capacity 103
Architecture of Working Memory 133
Does Processing Capacity Change With Age? 134
Summary and Conclusions 139
Appendix 3.A Symbolic Representation 142
4 BASIC LEARNING PROCESSES IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 143
Acquiring Declarative Knowledge 144
Additional Learning Principles 154
Rule Modification Processes 158
Transfer of Learning 162
Constraints and Learning 163
Strategy Selection and Development 164
Summary and Conclusions 180
5 ANALOGIES AND STRUCTURE-MAPPING PROCESSES 183
Theory of Analogy 183
Process Models of Analogies 192
Children s Analogical Reasoning Ability 205
Children s Uses of Analogies 211
Other Applications of Structure Mapping 223
Learning Sets and Task Complexity 227
Summary and Conclusions 233
PART III THEORY
6 HOW UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPS:
A COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY 237
Understanding 237
Learning 241
Natural Reasoning Processes 248
Task Complexity and Processing Capacity 251
Comparison With Other Theories 261
Analysis of Structure-Mapping Levels 269
Summary Postulates 272
CONTENTS ix
PART IV DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PROCESSES
AND CONCEPTS
7 INFERENCES AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING 277
Transitivity 277
Categorical and Conditional Syllogisms 297
Pragmatic Reasoning Schemas 306
Pragmatic Reasoning Schemas and Mental Models 309
Children s Deductive Inferences 313
Logical Necessity 315
Children s Categorical Inferences 319
Induction and Mental Models 321
Mental Models and Hypothesis Testing 322
Multidimensional Hypothesis Testing 327
Summary and Conclusions 331
Appendix 7.A Hypothesis-Testing Predictions 332
8 CLASSIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION, AND CONSERVATION 339
Classification 339
Quantification 364
Conservation 402
Summary and Conclusions 411
9 SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS 413
Balance Scale 413
Predictions 420
Acquisition Processes 422
Computational Models 426
Mechanics 428
The Novice-Expert Shift 432
Representation and the Novice-Expert Shift 433
The Concept of Time 437
The Rutherford Analogy 439
Coding the Rutherford Analogy 441
Appearance-Reality and Concept of Mind 442
Empirical Observations 443
Factors That Influence Children s Interpretations 445
Mental Models Theories 451
Toward an Analogical Reasoning Model of the Concept of
Mind 453
Learned Contingencies and Rules 464
X CONTENTS
Implications of the Current Theory for
Concept of Mind 466
Summary and Conclusions 467
PARTV CONCLUSIONS
10 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 469
Learning 470
Capacity and Complexity 471
Reasoning Processes 475
REFERENCES 479
AUTHOR INDEX 505
SUBJECT INDEX 513
|
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| isbn | 0898599709 0805812334 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Halford, Graeme S. Verfasser aut Children's understanding the development of mental models Graeme S. Halford Hillsdale, NJ u.a. Erlbaum 1993 XII, 521 S. Ill., graph Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf Verstehen (DE-588)4063241-6 gnd rswk-swf Kognitive Entwicklung (DE-588)4133279-9 gnd rswk-swf Kognitives Lernen (DE-588)4164479-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Kognitive Entwicklung (DE-588)4133279-9 s DE-604 Kognitives Lernen (DE-588)4164479-7 s Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s Verstehen (DE-588)4063241-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005274738&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Halford, Graeme S. Children's understanding the development of mental models Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd Verstehen (DE-588)4063241-6 gnd Kognitive Entwicklung (DE-588)4133279-9 gnd Kognitives Lernen (DE-588)4164479-7 gnd |
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| title | Children's understanding the development of mental models |
| title_auth | Children's understanding the development of mental models |
| title_exact_search | Children's understanding the development of mental models |
| title_full | Children's understanding the development of mental models Graeme S. Halford |
| title_fullStr | Children's understanding the development of mental models Graeme S. Halford |
| title_full_unstemmed | Children's understanding the development of mental models Graeme S. Halford |
| title_short | Children's understanding |
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| title_sub | the development of mental models |
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| topic_facet | Kind Verstehen Kognitive Entwicklung Kognitives Lernen Einführung |
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