Psycholinguistics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1991
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprint. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 512 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521256755 0521276411 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Psycholinguistics |c Michael Garman |
| 250 | |a Reprint. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 1991 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122329793429504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
page
List of illustrations vii
Listoftables xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
List of abbreviations xix
PART I Elements ofpsycholinguistics
1 Characteristics of the language signal 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The speech signal 9
1.3 Writing Systems 23
1.4 Conclusions 45
2 The biological foundations of language 48
2.1 Introduction 48
2.2 The auditory System 52
2.3 The Visual System 64
2.4 The Organisation of language in the brain 73
2.5 The articulatory and manual Systems 85
2.6 Conclusions 104
3 Sources of evidence for the language system 109
3.1 Introduction 109
3.2 Non-fluencies 119
3.3 Grammatical characterisation 133
3.4 Errors 151
3.5 Conclusions 171
P A R T 11 Processes and modeis
4 Processing the language signal 181
v
Contents
4.1 Introduction 181
4.2 Perceiving the speech signal 183
4.3 Perceiving the graphic signal 208
4.4 Articulatory processes 217
4.5 Written language production 229
4.6 Conclusions 236
5 Accessing the mental lexicon 239
5.1 Introduction 239
5.2 Interpreting the Undings 246
5.3 Asearchmodeloflexicalaccess 266
5.4 Word-detector Systems: the logogen model 276
5.5 Word-detector Systems: the cohort model 286
5.6 Further issues 290
5.7 Conclusions 298
6 Understanding utterances 301
6.1 Introduction 301
6.2 Serial modeis 320
6.3 Parallel modeis 332
6.4 Interpretative processes 355
7 Producing utterances 370
7.1 Introduction 370
7.2 The internal structure of the message level 377
7.3 Lexical access: the nature of stored word-meanings 388
7.4 The internal structure of the sentence level 391
7.5 Serial versus parallel interpretations 403
7.6 Conclusions 413
8 Impairment of processing 416
8.1 Introduction 416
8.2 The main aphasic syndromes 426
8.3 The validation of aphasic syndromes 445
8.4 The interpretation of aphasic syndromes 453
8.5 Conclusion 467
References All
Index ofnames 500
Subject index 506
vi
ILLUSTRATIONS
page
1.1 The speech chain 4
1.2 The language switchboard 5
1.3 Lateral cine-fluorographic record of continuous speech 10
1.4 Computer printout of electropalatographic record 13
1.5 Spectrographic representation of the phrase rapid writing 20
1.6 Schematic three-dimensional diagram of spectrographic
form 21
1.7 A Standard warning sign from the British Highway Code 25
1.8 A generalised typology of writing Systems 26
1.9 Possible points of contact with units of writing Systems 27
1.10 Japanese and Kannada symbols with English equivalents 33
1.11 The character inventory of a Standard English typewriter 3 5
1.12 Examples of letter-to-sound relationships in English 39
1.13 Regulär spelling-to-sound correspondence in English 43
2.1 Principal structures of the brain 51
2.2 Schematic diagram of the outer-, middle- and inner-ear
Systems 53
2.3 Schematic representation of basilar membrane
characteristics 55
2.4 Mechanico-neural transduction through the cochlea 57
2.5 Schematic tuning curve of a typical auditory nerve cell 59
2.6 Diagram of inputs from right ear through the auditory
System
2.7 Elements ofthe Visual system 65
2.8 Schematic view of a portion of the retina 68
2.9 The left cerebral hemisphere, showing major landmarks 75
2.10 Regional cerebral blood-flow pattern in listening to speech 80
2.11 Summary of outcomes from inputs to split-brain subjects 84
2.12 Motor control of speech and writing 87
2.13 The lower motor neuron System 91
vii
List of illustrations
2.14 Diagram of air passages in the adult human and
chimpanzee 95
2.15 The vocal tract as a device for producing local
pressure changes 96
2.16 Breathing for speech 98
2.17 The relationship between Channel area and volume-velocity 103
2.18 Binet s nineteenth-century recording of the dynamics
of handwriting 105
3.1 Illustrative sample of conversational English 114
3.2 Naturally displayed evidence in spoken-language
production 117
3.3 Non-fluency in eleven defined positions in utterances 123
3.4 Cumulative plot of non-fluencies and pause words 125
3.5 Patternsof pause distribution within theutterance 128
3.6 Temporal measure of encodingcycles 131
3.7 Generalised syllable structure for English words 156
3.8 Possible feature-based handwriting errors 165
3.9 Schematic illustration of serial and parallel processing 174
3.10 Relationships between Orders of description in
language processing 176
4.1 The components of language processing 182
4.2 Spectrogram of the phrase rapid wriling 187
4.3 Formant positions for some steady-state English vowel
sounds 194
4.4 Synthetic speech Stimuli formant patterns
for/ba/-/da/-/ga/ 196
4.5 Synthetic speech Stimuli formant patterns
for /be/-/we/-/ue/ 196
4.6 Synthetic speech formant patterns for/d/ 197
4.7 Synthetic speech Stimuli formant patterns for/ra/-/la/ 197
4.8 Hypothetical sensitivity functions for detectors sensitive
to VOT 202
4.9 Handwritten production of the phrase rapid writing 214
4.10 Schematic diagram of Shattuck-Hufnagel s
scan-copier model 219
4.11 Upper components of the sensory goal model of
speech production 221
4.12 Lower components of the sensory goal model of
speech production 224
4.13 The production of a feature-based slip of the pen 231
viii
List of illustrations
4.14 Possible Organisation of the buffer störe in writing Output 231
5.1 General framework of relationships inside and outside
the lexicon 249
5.2 Word recognition as a function of length and letter legibility 252
5.3 The configuration of a dictionary search for the word rapid 261
5.4 A transition-network representation of dictionary entries 263
5.5 The search model of lexical access 268
5.6 Lexical and non-lexical routes in Visual word recognition 272
5.7 Morphological analysis in word recognition 275
5.8 Contrasts for affix effects in lexical access 276
5.9 The main components and relationships of the
logogen model 278
5.10 Modality-specific independences within the logogen system 282
5.11 The later version of the logogen model 283
5.12 The later version of the logogen model with non-lexical
routes 284
6.1 Sources of input to the processes of understanding 307
6.2 A schematic illustration of distributed memory 311
6.3 The linguistic grammar, parsing procedures and the
mental grammar 313
6.4 A simple type of two-stage parser 321
6.5 The internal cue structure of Functionally
Complete Units 332
6.6 A simple transition network 343
6.7 A simple recursive transition network (RTN) 344
6.8 A word-class RTN 346
6.9 Sample transition networks 348
6.10 Illustration ofa chart structure in parsing 354
7.1 Euler circle and Venn diagram representation of a syllogism 379
7.2 TOTE-units (a) simple, (b) hierarchical 382
7.3 Mental model, image and propositional representation
of meaning 387
7.4 Twofeaturespecificationsof husband 389
7.5 The message and sentence levels in the Garrett model 394
7.6 A verb-based positional frame fragment 395
7.7 Schematic diagram of the syntactic processor 397
7.8 Word outcomes in initial consonant errors and chance
407
estimates
7.9 Phonological similarity in word-substitution errors and
blends m
ix
List of illustrations
7.10 Phonological similarity in semantic and other Substitution
errors 410
7.11 Phonological similarity in misordering errors 411
7.12 A network for the semantic and form properties of words 414
8.1 Lateral and coronal section views of damage to Broca s
area 422
8.2 Visual-field defects associated with certain lesion sites 424
8.3 Lateral view of the areas served by the three main cerebral
arteries 425
8.4 Incidence of aphasic syndromes in 150 aphasics 427
8.5 Level of functioning by aphasic syndrome 427
8.6 Typical lesion sites for aphasic syndromes 428
8.7 Hypothesised location of processing impairments in
anomia 430
8.8 Cluster analysis for 142 aphasics with infarcts, on the WAB 449
8.9 Spoken and written language abilities on the WAB, for
sixty-four aphasics 452
8.10 The encodability of inflectional morphemes in
agrammatism 457
8.11 Grammatical and phonological elements in Broca s speech 458
x
TABLES
page
1.1 Some input-output relations 6
1.2 Three categories of upper- to lower-case letter relations 37
3.1 Categories of preceding context for forty-two non-fluencies 120
3.2 Same (S) and reconstructed (R) continuations 121
3.3 Distributional measures for ten word classes 139
3.4 Exponentsofclause-level V 143
3.5 Exponents of noun phrases 144
3.6 Incidenceofclause-levelelementsandpatterns 146
3.7 Incidenceofvarioustypesof Connectivity features 148
3.8 Structural properties of slips of the ear 163
3.9 Taxonomyof slips of the eye 168
4.1 Hypothesised speech cues in the acoustic signal 192
5.1 Input and Output types in lexical access 247
5.2 Mean recognition latencies for letters and words 252
5.3 Word non-word decision latency as a function of
string type
6.1 Serial and parallel predictions for the target-monitoring
tasks 336
6.2 Mean response latencies for the monitoring tasks 336
6.3 Revised predictions for the target-monitoring tasks 338
6.4 Mean response latencies for the monitoring tasks, new data 339
6.5 Mean response latencies for the monitoring tasks (two
342
sentences)
7.1 Comparison of the Goldman-Eisler and Fromkin modeis 374
7.2 A tableau representation of a syllogism 384
7.3 Constraints on exchange movement errors
7.4 A partial V-fragment störe for English 396
7.5 Levels and processes involved in major lexical-class errors 400
7.6 The framework for the analysis of exchange errors 405
7.7 Calculating Chance expectations for lexical bias 406
xi
List of tables
8.1 Some commonly tested psycholinguistic abilities 419
8.2 Major typesofcerebral damage 419
8.3 The comparative symptomatology of the main aphasic
syndromes 428
8.4 The comparative symptomatology of alexia and agraphia 444
8.5 Scoring items on the Western Aphasia Battery 446
8.6 Fluency scoring on the Western Aphasia Battery 447
8.7 Cluster analysis for aphasics with infarcts 450
8.8 Characteristics of surface and deep dyslexia 454
8.9 The noun types in a normal adult and an aphasic 462
8.10 The Symptoms ofdyspraxia 465
xii
|
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| spelling | Garman, Michael Verfasser (DE-588)13179471X aut Psycholinguistics Michael Garman Reprint. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1991 XX, 512 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005235909&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Psycholinguistics |
| title_auth | Psycholinguistics |
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| title_full | Psycholinguistics Michael Garman |
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