Oil spill response in the marine environment:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford u.a.
Pergamon Press
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 391 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0080410006 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Doerffer, Jerzy W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Oil spill response in the marine environment |c J. W. Doerffer |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford u.a. |b Pergamon Press |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a 391 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Aardolie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Déversements de pétrole |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Mariene ecologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Mer - Pollution par les hydrocarbures |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Waterverontreiniging |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oil pollution of the sea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oil spills |x Environmental aspects | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004845717 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804121740561874944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction 7
1 Types and Characteristics of Oil 9
1.1 Oil Characteristics 9
1.1.1 Petroleum Hydrocarbons 9
1.1.2 Crude Oils 11
1.1.3 Refined Oil Products 15
1.1.4 Physical and Chemical Characteristics
of Oils 15
1.1.5 Specific gravity 16
1.1.6 Surface Tension 18
1.1.7 Viscosity 18
1.1.8 Pour Point 18
1.1.9 Flash Point 19
1.1.10 Solubility 20
1.2 Behaviour of Oil in Marine Environments 20
1.2.1 Marine Environments 20
1.2.2 Waves and mixing 23
1.2.3 Weathering Processes 2 )
1.2.4 Spreading and Drifting 27
1.2.5 Evaporation 33
1.2.6 Dissolution 39
1.2.7 Dispersion 11
1.2.8 Photochemical Oxidation II
1.2.9 Emulsification 11
1.2.10 Adsorption onto Suspended Particulate
Material (SPM) 17
i
CONTENTS
1.2.11 Ingestion by organisms 47
1.2.12 Sinking and sedimentation 47
1.2.13 Shoreline Interactions 47
1.2.14 Ice Conditions 49
1.2.15 Arctic Environments 52
1.3 Impact of Oil on Marine Environment 54
1.3.1 Physical Contamination 54
1.3.2 Tainting and Recovery of Fish and
Crustaceans 56
1.3.3 Marine Mammals 58
1.3.4 Effects of Oiling on Sea Birds 59
1.3.5 Rehabilitation of Oil Contaminated Birds . 63
1.3.6 Coral Reefs 67
1.3.7 Beaches 69
1.3.8 Salt Marshes 70
1.3.9 Mangroves 73
1.4 Input of Oil to the Marine Environment 74
1.4.1 Natural Oil Input 74
1.4.2 Oil Input Due to Human Activities at Sea 75
1.4.3 Landbased Oil Input 77
1.4.4 Quantitative Damage Estimate of Oil Input 77
2 Chemical Response Technology to an Oil Spill 83
2.1 Natural Cleansing 83
2.1.1 Natural Biodegradation 83
2.1.2 Enhanced Biodegradation 84
2.2 Chemical Barriers, Oil Sinking Agents and Sorbents 89
2.2.1 Chemical Barriers 89
2.2.2 Oil Sinking Agents 91
2.2.3 Sorbents 92
2.2.4 Application of Sorbents 95
2.3 Dispersion 97
2.3.1 Chemical Dispersants 97
2.3.2 Effectiveness, Behaviour and Toxicity of
Dispersants 99
2
CONTENTS
5.2.5 Operational Requirements 304
5.3 Oil Spill Training 306
5.3.1 Purpose of Training 306
5.3.2 Training Programmes 308
5.3.3 Programme Implementation 310
5.4 Contingency Planning 310
5.4.1 Drafting Contingency Plans 310
5.4.2 Mobile Command and Communication
Systems 315
5.4.3 Oil Spill Clean up Costs 316
5.5 International Cooperation 319
5.5.1 Introduction 319
5.5.2 International Convention on Oil Pollution
Preparedness, Response and Cooperation,
1990 322
5.5.3 International Marine Oil Spill Contingency
Plans 323
5.5.4 Regional Agreements 326
5.5.5 Bilateral Agreements 328
5.5.6 Compensation for Pollution Damage . . . 329
Glossary of Technical Terms 333
Selected Bibliography, Further Reading List 372
List of Tables 383
Index 385
6
CONTENTS
3.2.5 Requirements and Selection Criteria for an
Oil Skimming System 175
3.2.6 Selfcontained Oil Recovery System for Use
in Protected Waters 179
3.2.7 Large Sweep Width Skimming System . . 182
3.2.8 Netting of Viscous Oil 186
3.2.9 An Acoustical Method of Collecting and
Burning Oil Spills on Cold Open Water
Surfaces 188
3.3 Oil Recovery Vessels 192
3.3.1 Classification of Oil Recovery Vessels ... 192
3.3.2 Vessels with Passive Recovery Systems . . 192
3.3.3 Vessels with Active Recovery Systems ... 196
3.3.4 The Scissor Coastal Tankers 200
3.3.5 Devices Enabling the Adaptation of Non
purpose Built Ships 203
3.3.6 Adaptation of a Hopper Dredger 209
3.3.7 Pollution Combating Ships for
Open Waters 214
3.3.8 Design Requirements for an Oil Pollution
Combating Ship 220
4 Oil Spill Combating on Shores 223
4.1 Impact of Oil on Shores 223
4.1.1 Shore Processes 223
4.1.2 Classification of shores 229
4.1.3 Shoreline Sensitivity 235
4.1.4 Environmental Sensitivy Maps 236
4.2 Shoreline Clean up 239
4.2.1 Introduction 239
4.2.2 Manual Clean up 242
4.2.3 Seawater Flushing 244
4.2.4 Mechanical Beach Cleaning Equipment . . 247
4.2.5 Specialised Beach Cleaning Equipment . . 252
4.2.6 Beach Sand Processing 255
4
CONTENTS
4.2.7 Storage and Maintenance of Response
Equipment 259
4.3 Oil Pollution Combating Operations 260
4.3.1 Stages of Combating Operations 260
4.3.2 Stage 1 Protection of coastline 260
4.3.3 Stage 2 Removal of Heavy
Contamination and Floating Oil 262
4.3.4 Stage 3 Clean up of Moderate
Contamination 265
4.3.5 Stage 4 Clean up of Lightly
Contaminated Shorelines 266
4.4 Oil Combating in Ice 268
4.4.1 Behaviour of Oil in Ice 268
4.4.2 Detection of Oil under Ice 269
4.4.3 Behaviour of Oil under Ice 269
4.4.4 Surface Collecting Agents 271
4.4.5 Use of Dispersants 271
4.5 Disposal of Oil and Oily Debris 272
4.5.1 Purpose of Disposal 272
4.5.2 Unloading Sites 274
4.5.3 Temporary Storage Sites 275
4.5.4 Disposal Options 280
4.5.5 Disposal Techniques for Arctic Oil
Spill Response 283
5 Limitation of Spills and Contingency Planning 286
5.1 Limitation of Spills 286
5.1.1 Types of Emergency Situations 286
5.1.2 Prevention and Minimisation of Oil Spills . 288
5.1.3 Situation Evaluation 291
5.1.4 Salvage 294
5.2 Aerial Surveillance 297
5.2.1 General Requirements 297
5.2.2 Visual Observation 297
5.2.3 Airborne Surveillance Systems 299
5.2.4 Possible Future Developments 303
5
CONTENTS
2.3.3 Parameters Limiting the Application of
Dispersants 101
2.3.4 Dose Rates 103
2.3.5 Spraying Dispersants From Boats 104
2.3.6 Dispersant Spraying from Aircraft 108
2.3.7 Application Decisions 112
2.4 Burning of Oil at Sea 115
2.4.1 Flames and Oil Spreading on Water
Surface 115
2.4.2 Ignition of Oil Spills 118
2.4.3 Combustibility and Incineration of
Beaufort Crude/Seawater Emulsions ... 122
2.4.4 In place Burning of Crude Oil in Broken
Ice 124
2.4.5 Air Curtain Incinerator 125
2.4.6 Testing of a Prototype Waste Oil Flaring
System 129
3 Mechanical Response Technology to an Oil Spill 133
3.1 Containment Systems 133
3.1.1 Physical Fundamentals of Retention .... 133
3.1.2 Boom Structure 136
3.1.3 Methods of Boom Utilisation 140
3.1.4 Boom Deployment and Mooring 143
3.1.5 Boom Retrieval 146
3.1.6 Other Types of Booms and Barriers .... 146
3.1.7 High Pressure Water Jet Barrier 148
3.1.8 Fireproof Boom 151
3.1.9 Portable Oil Booms in Broken Ice 155
3.1.10 Boom Test Procedure 157
3.2 Clean up Techniques on Water 159
3.2.1 General Requirements 159
3.2.2 Weir Skimmers 161
3.2.3 Sorbent Surface (Oleophilic) Skimmers . . 165
3.2.4 Other Types of Skimmers 172
3
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:02:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0080410006 |
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| spelling | Doerffer, Jerzy W. Verfasser aut Oil spill response in the marine environment J. W. Doerffer 1. ed. Oxford u.a. Pergamon Press 1992 391 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aardolie gtt Déversements de pétrole ram Mariene ecologie gtt Mer - Pollution par les hydrocarbures ram Waterverontreiniging gtt Umwelt Oil pollution of the sea Oil spills Environmental aspects Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd rswk-swf Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd rswk-swf Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd rswk-swf Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 s Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 s Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 s DE-604 Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004845717&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Doerffer, Jerzy W. Oil spill response in the marine environment Aardolie gtt Déversements de pétrole ram Mariene ecologie gtt Mer - Pollution par les hydrocarbures ram Waterverontreiniging gtt Umwelt Oil pollution of the sea Oil spills Environmental aspects Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038301-5 (DE-588)4117286-3 (DE-588)4139780-0 (DE-588)4112701-8 |
| title | Oil spill response in the marine environment |
| title_auth | Oil spill response in the marine environment |
| title_exact_search | Oil spill response in the marine environment |
| title_full | Oil spill response in the marine environment J. W. Doerffer |
| title_fullStr | Oil spill response in the marine environment J. W. Doerffer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oil spill response in the marine environment J. W. Doerffer |
| title_short | Oil spill response in the marine environment |
| title_sort | oil spill response in the marine environment |
| topic | Aardolie gtt Déversements de pétrole ram Mariene ecologie gtt Mer - Pollution par les hydrocarbures ram Waterverontreiniging gtt Umwelt Oil pollution of the sea Oil spills Environmental aspects Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aardolie Déversements de pétrole Mariene ecologie Mer - Pollution par les hydrocarbures Waterverontreiniging Umwelt Oil pollution of the sea Oil spills Environmental aspects Meer Umweltschaden Ölunfall Bekämpfung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004845717&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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