Tractors for logging:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rome
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1956
|
| Schriftenreihe: | FAO forestry development paper
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 189 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 490 | 1 | |a FAO forestry development paper |v 1 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Logging |x Machinery |z Europe | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804121711771123712 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | FAO Forestry Development Paper
No 1
TRACTORS
FOR
LOGGING
The aim of this volume is to provide some
guidance in the choice of tractors for timber
hauling Undertaken as part of FAO’s program
to improve the efficiency of logging operations,
this provisional report was prepared in French
by X de Megille, Centre Technique du Bois,
Paris, France
Marcel Leloup
Director, Forestry Division
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
Rome, Italy March, 1956
CONTENTS
Part One: Factors Determining the Organization
of Logging Work 1
I — Physical Conditions 2
General Topography of the Region 2
Mountainous Regions 2
High mountain country 7
[ [ Gradients exceeding 300 %0 8
Plateaus 8
Average mountain country 9
Peneplains or old mountain country 9
Plains 11
Dry plain forest 11
Damp plain forest 12
Swamp forest 12
Partly marshy forest 13
Planted forest 13
Climate 13
Cold climate 15
Temperate climate 15
Damp temperate climate 16
Dry temperate climate 16
Tropical climate 17
Wind 17
Ground 18
Composition of the Forest Floor 18
Clayey soils 18
Humic soils 19
Sandy soils 20
Rocky soils 21
vii
Characteristics of the Forest Floor 22
Supporting capacity 23
Resistance to rolling 26
Resistance to skidding 29
Coefficient of adhesion 30
II — Economic Conditions 34
Ownership of the Forest 34
State-owned forests 34
Privately-owned forests 34
Amount of Capital Invested 35
Value of the Finished Product 35
Economic Development of the Region 36
In countries with old settlements 36
In under-developed countries 39
III — Psychological Aspects 40
The Problem of Labor 40
In over-populated countries 40
In countries in process of development 41
Management of rLogging Operations
42
Social Aspects
Laws and traditions
Usage
44
44
Part Two: Tractors and their Equipment 45
I —■ Method of Calculating the Output of Hauling Equipment 46
Definitions 46
A - Power (horsepower) 46
Nominal horsepower 46
Drawbar horsepower 47
Power available at the wheels or tracks 47
Drawbar pull ; 47
B - Loss of power due to transmission 47
C - Loss of power due to wear 50
D - Speed and calculation of time 50
viii
Calculation of the Load a Tractor can Trans-port 51
A - Calculations relating to the motor 51
B - Calculations relating to adhesion 52
C - Calculation of the volume of timber to be hauled 54
D - Effect of slope 55
Calculation of Output per Hour or per Day 56
II — Current Techniques for Hauling Timber by Tractor 60
Animal Traction 60
Crawler-Type Tractors of less than 18 HP 61
Wheeled Tractors of less than 18 HP (Tractors with Winch) 61
25 HP Crawler-Type Tractors 68
Bunching 68
Extraction 71
Direct or ground skidding 71
Pan skidding 71
Sled skidding 73
Arch skidding 74
Hourly output of 25 HP crawler-type tractors 74
Various uses 76
25 HP Wheeled Tractors 77
Two-wheel drive 77
Four-wheel drive 78
Half-tracks 81
Use in the forest 83
Direct or ground skidding 83
Pan skidding 84
Logging arch or sulky 84
High wheel logger 85
Bummer 88
Four-wheeled Trailer 91
Trailer with drive-wheels 91
a) Example of a calculation to determine the working
characteristics of a trailer with drive-wheels 92
b) Conditions for use of a trailer with drive-wheels 95
Conclusions on the use of 25 HP wheeled tractors in the
forest 96
Various other uses 98
IX
50 HP Crawler-Type Tractors 99
General 99
Use in the Forest 101
Direct or ground skidding 101
Pan skidding 101
Sleds on ice or packed snow roads 101
Scoot sleds on boggy ground 103
Logging arches 105
Crawler-type trailers 105
Bummers 107
Load-bearing tractors 108
Snow tractors 114
Bundling and skidding stacked wood 116
A source of power 116
For felling and hauling in poplar plantations 117
Conclusions on the Use of 50 HP Crawler-Type Tractors
in the Forest 118
Other Uses 118
50 HP Wheeled Tractors 119
Use in the Forest 120
High wheel logger 120
Road trailers 121
Use of Cross-Country Trucks 122
Various Accessories 122
Tractors equipped with a crane or a boom swivelling
crane 122
Fixed boom 124
Derrick 125
Self-propelled crane 127
Other Uses 127
100 HP Crawler-Type Tractors 127
100 HP Wheeled-Tractors 130
Four-wheel tractors with two-wheel drive 131
Tractors with four-wheel drive 131
Tractors with two driving and load-bearing wheels 133
Comparison with crawler-type tractors 133
X
Part Three: Determination of Costs and their Application 139
I — Unit costs 140
Apportionment of Expenses 141
Fixed Costs 141
Depreciation or amortization of equipment 141
Interest on capital 146
Insurance, duties, taxation, etc 147
Variable Costs 148
Maintenance of tires or tracks 148
Maintenance of the tractor proper 148
Other maintenance costs 150
Operating expenses 151
Fuel consumption 151
Lubrication and greasing 153
Wages 154
Two Examples of Cost Calculation 155
II — Application of costs 158
Determination of the Number of Tractors to be Used 158
Economic Comparison of Two Hauling Systems 159
Graphic Method 159
Supplementary or indirect costs 160
Main or direct costs , 161
Algebraic Method 161
Determination of the Most Economical Hauling Distance 164
Cost of the Hauling Road 164
Class I: Macadam or paved roads 165
Class II: Gravel roads 165
Class III: Forest roads 165
Class IV: Forest tracks 166
Class V: Tractor trails 166
Influence of Road Costs on Hauling 167
Most Economical Hauling Distance as a Factor in Road
Costs 169
Determination of the Spacing of Forest Roads 170
Statement of the Formula 170
Graphic Solution 171
Algebraic Solution 171
Special Cases of the Road Spacing Formula 172
Note on Formulae and Calculations 173
Tables and Graphs 174
Formulae 175
Bibliography 181
|
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| bvnumber | BV007442081 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)222239390 (DE-599)BVBBV007442081 |
| dewey-full | 634.98094 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 634 - Orchards, fruits, forestry |
| dewey-raw | 634.98094 |
| dewey-search | 634.98094 |
| dewey-sort | 3634.98094 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europa |
| geographic_facet | Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV007442081 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:02:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004825452 |
| oclc_num | 222239390 |
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| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-188 DE-Eb1 |
| physical | XI, 189 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1956 |
| publishDateSearch | 1956 |
| publishDateSort | 1956 |
| publisher | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series | FAO forestry development paper |
| series2 | FAO forestry development paper |
| spelling | Tractors for logging Hrsg. von Marcel Leloup* Rome Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1956 XI, 189 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier FAO forestry development paper 1 Log transportation Europe Logging Machinery Europe Holzwirtschaft (DE-588)4025763-0 gnd rswk-swf Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 gnd rswk-swf Europa Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 s Holzwirtschaft (DE-588)4025763-0 s DE-604 Leloup, Marcel Sonstige oth FAO forestry development paper 1 (DE-604)BV001891774 1 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004825452&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tractors for logging FAO forestry development paper Log transportation Europe Logging Machinery Europe Holzwirtschaft (DE-588)4025763-0 gnd Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4025763-0 (DE-588)4052673-2 |
| title | Tractors for logging |
| title_auth | Tractors for logging |
| title_exact_search | Tractors for logging |
| title_full | Tractors for logging Hrsg. von Marcel Leloup* |
| title_fullStr | Tractors for logging Hrsg. von Marcel Leloup* |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tractors for logging Hrsg. von Marcel Leloup* |
| title_short | Tractors for logging |
| title_sort | tractors for logging |
| topic | Log transportation Europe Logging Machinery Europe Holzwirtschaft (DE-588)4025763-0 gnd Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Log transportation Europe Logging Machinery Europe Holzwirtschaft Schlepper Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004825452&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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