Technical and social changes in the world's ports:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
ILO
1969
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS.
74 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 264 S. Tab. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 490 | 1 | |a Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. |v 74 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cargo handling | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804121305357746176 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE
A A EVANS
TECHNICAL
AND SOCIAL CHANGES
IN THE
WORLD S PORTS
GENEVA 1969
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
1 New Trends in Cargo Handling 5
Some Techniques 6
Containers 6
The Aim of Containerisation 7
The Present Position 7
Advantages of the Container 10
Future Developments 11
Obstacles to Containerisation 18
An Appraisal of the Future 20
Other Unit Loads 21
Roll-On/Roll-Off Ships 24
Carrying in Bulk 25
Other Developments 26
Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) 26
Ship Design 27
Port Handling Gear 27
Ports 28
Inland Transport 29
Intermediate Technology 30
Some Organisational Considerations 32
Some Economic Aspects 33
The Turn-Around of Ships 33
The Cost of Cargo Handling 34
Competition , 35
Social Trends 36
2 Regularisation of Employment 41
Desirability of Regularisation Schemes 41
Registration 43
The Need for a Register 43
Establishing the Register 43
Ports to Be Covered 43
Workers to Be Covered 44
Separate Registers for Different Categories of Dockers 45
Whom to Register 46
Regular and Reserve Registers 46
Dormant Registers 47
IV TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES IN PORTS
Page
Restriction of Employment to Registered Dockers 47
Registration Cards 47
Size of the Register 48
Reducing Turnover 50
Recruitment 50
Difficulties in Recruitment 51
Priorities in Recruiting 51
Recruitment and Manpower Policy 52
Medical Examination 52
Some Undesirable Recruitment Practices 52
Cutting Down the Register 53
Adjusting an Initial Register 53
Limited Reductions 55
Dealing with Labour Surpluses 56
Allocation 59
Systems of Allocation 59
Regular Employment 59
Part-Regular, Part-Pool Employment 60
Allocation by Selection, Seniority or Rota 61
Allocation by Gangs or by Individuals 63
Procedures 64
Hiring 64
Reducing the Need for Attendance at Calls 66
Transfers 67
Guarantees of Income or Employment 67
Attendance Money 68
Unemployment Benefit 69
Guarantee for a Half-Shift 69
Weekly Guarantee 69
Longer-Term Guarantees 70
Guarantees in Cases of Seasonal Unemployment 70
Income Guarantee Embodied in Rates of Pay 71
Steadying the Demand for Labour 71
Concentration of Employers 71
Concentration of Ports 73
Employment of Dockers on Other Jobs 73
Keeping Ships Waiting 74
Overtime 74
Holidays 74
Co-ordinating Shipping Services 74
Transferring Work 75
Organisation of the Regularisation Scheme 75
Operation by a Public Authority 75
Operation by a Tripartite Body 76
Operation by Joint Bodies 76
Operation by Employers Associations 77
CONTENTS
Page
Operation by Workers Organisations :: 77
The Role of the Public Authority in General 77
Financing 77
Method of Assessing Employers 78
Reserve Fund 79
Some Examples of Levies 79
3 Training 81
The Importance of Training 81
Training between School and Work 84
Courses for New Entrants 85
Induction 85
Other Aspects of Courses for New Entrants 86
Training the Established Docker 88
Specialist Training 89
Drivers 90
Tallymen 90
Cranemen 91
Gang Leaders and Foremen 91
Training in Safety and First Aid 92
The Retraining of Injured Dockers 93
The Retraining of Redundant Dockers 93
Premises and Equipment 93
Pay during Training 94
4 Efficiency in Ports 95
Through-Handling 95
Availability of Labour 98
Importance of the Availability of Labour when and where Wanted 98
Shift Work 98
Starting Times for Shift Work 101
Round-the-Clock Working 102
Week-End Work 103
Absenteeism 103
Flexibility in the Use of Labour 104
Productivity Problems 106
Unproductive Time ; 107
Getting to Work 109
Bad Time-Keeping 109
Rest Periods 110
Ancillary Work 112
Weather 112
Time-Wasting Practices 113
Strength of Gangs 114
Sling Loads 117
VI TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES IN PORTS
Page
Supervision 117
Co-ordination • 118
Arrangements before Berthing 118
Co-ordination between Ship and Shore 118
Work Study 120
Management Development 121
The Training of Supervisory Staff 121
The Organisation of Training 121
Training Dockers 123
Training Higher-Level Management 123
Other Aspects of Training 125
5 Planning and Co-ordination 127
Research 127
Research at National and Port Levels 127
Methods of Handling 127
Information Needed 129
Research Agencies 131
Research at the International Level 132
Information Needed 132
Organisations Concerned 133
Co-ordination of Action 134
Co-ordination at National and Port Levels 134
Co-ordination at the International Level 136
International Through-Handling 136
Standardisation of Unit Loads 137
Customs 137
Transport and Insurance Documents 138
Common Services 139
Allocation of Dockers 139
Payment of Wages 139
Training 139
Welfare 139
Safety 139
Repair of Equipment 139
t
6 Labour-Management Relations 142
Basic Principles 143
Patterns of Labour-Management Relations 145
Machinery of Labour-Management Relations 148
Negotiation 148
Operation of a Regularisation Scheme 149
Other Relations 150
Consultation and Participation 150
CONTENTS VII
Page
Disputes and Grievances 153
Causes of Disputes 153
Settlement Procedures 155
Position of the Gang Foreman 158
Communication 158
Communication between Management and the Dockers 159
Communication within the Unions 159
• Joint Action 160
Communication Media 160
Subject-Matter Communicated 161
7 Conditions of Work 162
Applicability and Enforcement of Labour Legislation 162
Remuneration 163
Time Rates 164
Payment of a Living Wage ! 165
Payment according to Level of Skill 166
Compensation for the Nature of the Work 166
Payment by Results 167
The Case in Favour of Payment by Results 167
The Case against Payment by Results 169
Some Criteria for Payment by Results 171
Guarantees 172
Royalties and Special Funds 172
Hours of Work 172
Normal Hours of Work 172
Overtime 174
Actual Hours of Work 177
Shift Work 177
Rotation 177
Additional Compensation 177
Week-End Work 178
Holidays with Pay 180
Collection and Disbursement of Holiday Pay 180
Public Holidays 181
Holiday Dates 181
Social Security 182
Unemployment Benefit 182
Old Age 182
8 Safety and Welfare 185
Safety 186
Containers 186
Construction 186
Hoisting 187
VIII TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES IN PORTS
Page
The Marking of Weight • 189
Handling on Shore 189
Other Forms of Handling 190
General Considerations 191
Welfare 195
The Need for Welfare Facilities 195
Nature of Facilities 196
Hiring Halls 196
Basic Health and Welfare Facilities (Sanitary Conveniences, Drink
ing Water, Washing Facilities and Changing Rooms) 197
Facilities for Rest 198
First-Aid and Medical Care Facilities 198
Employee Food Services 199
Travel to and from Work - 200
Cultural and Recreational Facilities 201
Housing 202
Working Clothes i 203
Activities in Favour of Retired Dockers 203
Organisation of Facilities 203
Survey of Needs and Determination of Responsibilities 203
Participation of Employers and Workers Organisations 205
Inspection 205
9 A New Deal 206
Attitude of the Dockers 206
The Fear of Unemployment or Underemployment 206
Sharing in the Benefits of Technical Progress 208
Consultation 209
Acceptance of Change 210
Attitude of the Employers 210
The General Lines of a New Deal 211
Some New Agreements 213
The United States Pacific Coast 213
New York 217
The St Lawrence Ports 219
The United Kingdom 221
Norway 225
Sweden 225
Italy 225
New Zealand 226
Singapore 226
Australia 227
Other Countries 227
10 Towards the Future 229
CONTENTS IX
Appendices
Page
1 ILO Action on behalf of Dockers 235
Resolution (No 25) concerning the regularisation of employment of dock-
workers 235
Resolution (No 52) concerning welfare facilities for dockworkers 237
Resolution (No 66) concerning methods of improving organisation of work
and output in ports 241
2 Technical Co-operation 250
General Considerations 251
Forms of Technical Co-operation 253
Fields of Co-operation 259
3 Bibliography 261
Tables
Table 1 Estimates of Potential Container Cargo to and from New York, 1975 15
Table 2 Containerisable General Cargo in Trade to and from the United
Kingdom 16
Table 3 Unproductive Time as Percentage of Gross Working Time in Ten
Major Australian Ports 108
Table 4 Tentative Rest Allowances for Acclimatised Persons under Various
Atmospheric Conditions at Selected Kata Readings at High Tem
peraturesIll
Table 5 Hours Worked and Tonnage Handled on the United States Pacific
Coast, 1960-65 217
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Evans, Archibald A. 1906- |
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| dewey-ones | 331 - Labor economics |
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| dewey-search | 331.7/61/387544 |
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| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:55:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
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| physical | IX, 264 S. Tab. |
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| publishDate | 1969 |
| publishDateSearch | 1969 |
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| series | Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. |
| series2 | Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. |
| spelling | Evans, Archibald A. 1906- Verfasser (DE-588)128110112 aut Technical and social changes in the world's ports A. A. Evangs Geneva ILO 1969 IX, 264 S. Tab. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. 74 Cargo handling Stevedores Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. 74 (DE-604)BV002789891 74 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004533075&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Evans, Archibald A. 1906- Technical and social changes in the world's ports Internationales Arbeitsamt: Studien und Berichte. NS. Cargo handling Stevedores |
| title | Technical and social changes in the world's ports |
| title_auth | Technical and social changes in the world's ports |
| title_exact_search | Technical and social changes in the world's ports |
| title_full | Technical and social changes in the world's ports A. A. Evangs |
| title_fullStr | Technical and social changes in the world's ports A. A. Evangs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Technical and social changes in the world's ports A. A. Evangs |
| title_short | Technical and social changes in the world's ports |
| title_sort | technical and social changes in the world s ports |
| topic | Cargo handling Stevedores |
| topic_facet | Cargo handling Stevedores |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004533075&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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