The foundations of international polity:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Heinemann
1914
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XLVIII, 235 S. |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PAGES
INTRODUCTORY SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT . . XV-XLVIII
THE NEED FOR RESTATEMENT OF CERTAIN PRIN-
CIPLES, AND THE GROUNDS OF ENQUIRY . . 1-34
IT IS NOT MAINLY THE MORE VISIBLE EVILS OF WAR AND ARMAMENTS
WHICH GIVE THE GREATEST VALUE TO THE STUDY OF THE ACCEPTED
THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL POLITY, BUT THE FACT THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL
MISUNDERSTANDING OF ANY LARGE HUMAN ISSUE INVOLVES THE MIS-
UNDERSTANDING IN SOME DEGREE OF ALL HUMAN RELATIONS. THE
CONTINUED JUSTIFICATION OF THE MILITARY FORM OF INTERNATIONAL
SOCIETY HAS INVOLVED PERPETUATING A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY WHICH
MISREPRESENTS THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN ASSOCIATION AND
CO-OPERATION, A DISTORTION WHICH HAS WIDESPREAD MORAL RESULTS AS
AFFECTING NOT MERELY THE FORM OF OUR SOCIAL STRUCTURES WITHIN THE
NATION, BUT OUR RELATIVE VALUATION OF THE QUALITIES OF HUMAN
CHARACTER ; AND LARGE MATERIAL RESULTS IN DIMINISHING THE EFFECTIVE-
NESS OF THAT EXPLOITATION OF THE EARTH BY WHICH WE WRING OUR
SUBSISTENCE FROM NATURE. THE FUNDAMENTAL MISCONCEPTION IS THAT
CONCERNING THE PART THAT PHYSICAL COERCION PLAYS IN CO-OPERATION.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE WHICH NECESSARILY COMES OF THE DIVISION OF
LABOUR INVOLVES A PROGRESSIVE DECLINE IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
PHYSICAL COERCION. THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT AND INTERCOMMUNICA-
TION IN THOSE FACTORS. THE APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO
TYPICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN STATECRAFT. WE ARE DEALING WITH
IDEAS COMMON TO THE WHOLE WESTERN WORLD, AND TO THE REFORM
OF SUCH IDEAS EACH NATION MUST CONTRIBUTE ITS QUOTA, OR REFORM
WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE. WE ALL OWE OUR CIVILIZATION TO FOREIGNERS.
NOT MERELY THE MATERIAL, BUT THE MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL, DEVELOP-
MENT OF SOCIETY MUST NECESSARILY BE INTERNATIONAL.
XI
XII CONTENTS
II
PAGES
MORAL AND MATERIAL FACTORS IN INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS 35-80
MORALLY THE EXISTING STATECRAFT IS CANNIBALISTIC, AND NO NEW CON-
CEPTION COULD POSSIBLY BE MORE SORDID. THE ALLEGED SORDIDNESS
OF CONSIDERING ECONOMIC RESULTS IN NATIONAL POLICY DUE TO MENTAL
CONFUSION. THE WELL-BEING OF SOCIETY IS THE FINAL SANCTION,
WHETHER IN POLITICS, MORALS, OR RELIGIOUS CODES. WHATEVER THE
WELL-BEING OF SOCIETY MAY MEAN, ECONOMICS ARE A PART OF
THE PROBLEM, AS THEY ARE A PART OF MORALITY, AND MORALITY
OF ECONOMICS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIONS IDEALISM IN THIS
SENSE, AND ITS POLITICAL PARALLEL. BRIDGING THE IMAGINARY GULF
BETWEEN INTEREST AND MORALITY, IDEALISM AND REASON. THE RELATION
OF EMOTION AND INTUITION TO RATIONALISM IN POLITICAL AIMS. THE
IMPORTANT TRUTHS OF LIFE CLEARLY VISIBLE WITHOUT GREAT LEARNING IF
NOT OBSCURED BY FALSE THEORIES. THE COMMON MIND NOW SEIZING
AS SELF-EVIDENT TRUTHS WHICH MEN OF LEARNING IN THE PAST COULD
NOT SEE. THE HOPE FOR A SIMILAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON
MIND IN THE FIELD OF POLITICS. KEEPING OF THE PEACE DOES NOT
INVOLVE ANY WEAKENING OF THE PASSION TO DEFEND OUR RIGHT, BUT A
GROWTH OF RESPECT FOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. THOSE WHO DO NOT
BELIEVE IN COERCION NECESSARILY BELIEVE IN DEFENCE. PREVAILING
CONFUSION BETWEEN THE USE OF FORCE AND THE NEUTRALIZATION OF FORCE.
THE BASIS OF CIVILIZATION IS A CONVENTION NOT TO USE FORCE, AND THIS
ESSENTIAL TO THE GROWTH OF UNDERSTANDING IN SOCIETIES. THE
GROWING INEFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL COERCION ILLUSTRATED BY THE
ABANDONMENT OF ITS USE BY GOVERNMENTS FOR THE IMPOSITION OF
DOGMA, A HIGHLY-VALUED PREROGATIVE, AND BY ITS PRESENT GROWING
INEFFECTIVENESS IN THE DESTRUCTION OF NATIONALITY. THE ARGUMENT
THAT, AS HUMAN PASSION WILL ALWAYS OVERRIDE A RATIONALLY-CON-
CEIVED RECOGNITION OF RIGHT, IT SERVES NO PURPOSE TO REASON ABOUT
THE RIGHT, MAKES MAN THE HELPLESS PUPPET OF EXTERNAL FORCES, AND
IS AN ABDICATION OF HIS PLACE IN NATURE, THE SURRENDER OF HIS SOUL.
THE INFLUENCE OF CREDIT UPON INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS 81-139
THE OBJECT OF THIS PAPER IS TO SHOW THAT INTERNATIONAL CREDIT HAS
ENDOWED THE SOCIAL BODY OF MANKIND*ORGANIZED SOCIETY*WITH
A HIGHLY-DEVELOPED SYSTEM OF SENSORY NERVES, A MEANS BY WHICH
SERIOUS DAMAGE TO ONE PART IS IMMEDIATELY MADE KNOWN TO THE
REST, A CONSCIOUSNESS OF WHICH IN THE CASE OF AN ANIMAL ORGANISM
CONTENTS XIII
WE SHOULD CALL PAIN. THE FACT THAT THIS ENDOWMENT WITH MEANS
OF AVOIDING DAMAGE GIVES IT BETTER VITAL CONTROL, A MEANS OF BETTER
CONSCIOUS ADAPTATION, IS ITSELF A DEMONSTRATION THAT THE SCATTERED
PARTS DO IN TRUTH FORM ONE WHOLE, ARE INTERDEPENDENT, AND IS
NECESSARILY DESTRUCTIVE OF THE OLD IDEA THAT ONE PART COULD PROFIT
BY THE DAMAGE OF ANOTHER, STILL LESS LIVE PARASITICALLY UPON IT.
THE FACT OF THIS INTERDEPENDENCE, ITS NATURE, THE PROCESSES IT
INVOLVES (HEREIN DESCRIBED), ARE ALL BUT COMPLETELY IGNORED BY
EUROPEAN STATESMEN, WITH CONSEQUENT HAVOC TO THEIR POLICIES,
WHICH IN THE CHARACTERISTIC CASES HAVE HAD RESULTS THE EXACT CON-
TRARY TO THOSE AIMED AT. THE INCREASING VISIBILITY OF THIS HUMAN
SOLIDARITY*A SOLIDARITY NOT MERELY OF COMMUNITIES ON OPPOSITE
SIDES OF THE WORLD, BUT OF THE PRESENT WITH THE PAST AND THE
FUTURE*MUST HAVE PROFOUND MORAL AS WELL AS MATERIAL RESULTS.
IV
THE PLACE OF MILITARY FORCE IN MODERN STATE-
CRAFT 140-162
SUMMARIZING BY A SERIES OF ILLUSTRATIONS THE ACTUAL POLITICAL CON-
DITIONS WHICH HAVE RESULTED FROM THE OPERATION OF THE PRINCIPLES
DESCRIBED AND ELABORATED IN THE PRECEDING PAPERS, THE PART
WHICH STILL REMAINS FOR MILITARY FORCE USEFULLY TO PLAY IN
MODERN STATECRAFT IS HERE INDICATED. THAT FUNCTION CANNOT
ADVANTAGEOUSLY BE PREDATORY OR PARASITIC; IT CAN NOW PLAY NO
PART IN THE VITAL COMPETITIVE STRUGGLE OF MANKIND. ITS SOCIALLY
FERTILE USE IS THE NEUTRALIZATION OF FORCE IN SOCIETY : BY MAK-
ING IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR OTHER COMMUNITIES TO USE THEIR FORCE
AGAINST US*DEFENCE ; OR AS A FUNCTION OF POLICE (AS IN INDIA OR
EGYPT), WHERE ITS PURPOSE, LIKE THE PURPOSE OF ALL POLICE, IS TO
PREVENT THE UNITS OF A STILL UNDEVELOPED SOCIETY USING THEIR
FORCE ONE AGAINST THE OTHER* MAINTAINING ORDER. ENGLISH
POLICY, IN COMMON WITH THAT OF EUROPEAN NATIONS, HAS NOT, EVEN
IN THE QUITE RECENT PAST, GIVEN INDICATION OF HAVING BEEN
PROMPTED BY ANY VERY CLEAR CONCEPTION OF THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE
IN THESE TWO TYPES OF POLITICAL ACTION, WITH RESULTS THAT ARE NOW
BY ALL ADMITTED TO HAVE BEEN REGRETTABLE.
V
TWO KEELS TO ONE NOT ENOUGH . . . 163-193
THE TREATMENT OF DEFENCE AS A PURELY MILITARY PROBLEM (BASING
NATIONAL SECURITY SIMPLY ON THE FACT OF BEING STRONGER THAN YOUR
PROSPECTIVE RIVAL) MUST ALWAYS END IN FUTILITY AND STULTIFICATION.
XIV CONTENTS
PACES
WAR OR ITS PROSPECT IS A MATTER OF TWO PARTIES, EACH OF WHOM IS
ENTITLED TO DEFEND ITSELF IN THE SAME WAY. THUS, THE MILITARY
SOLUTION FOR ACHIEVING SECURITY FOR TWO PARTIES LIKELY TO QUARREL
IS FOR EACH TO BE STRONGER THAN THE OTHER. SO LONG AS WE PERSIST
IN TREATING A PROBLEM OF TWO PARTIES IN TERMS OF ONE, THE EFFORTS AT
SECURITY WILL ALWAYS END BY CREATING A SITUATION OF GREAT DANGER.
THE WAY OUT OF THIS IMPASSE HAS ALREADY BEEN SHOWN IN THE CASE
OF OUR VERY TROUBLESOME AND DIFFICULT RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED
STATES, INVOLVING MORE VITAL ISSUES THAN THOSE WITH ANY OTHER
COUNTRY, AND WITH OUR COLONIES.
VI
CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL POLITY MOVE-
MENT -
I94
-2I8
THE EFFORT THAT HAS BEEN MADE BY THOSE WHO DESIRE TO SEE THE
PRINCIPLES ELABORATED HERE AFFECT PRACTICAL POLITICS IN OUR TIME
HAS NOT BEEN INSPIRED BY HOSTILITY TO THE OLDER ORGANIZED PEACE
MOVEMENT. IT IS CERTAIN, HOWEVER, THAT THESE IDEAS WILL APPEAL
MOST EFFECTIVELY TO PUBLIC OPINION IF THEY COME AS A CONCEPTION
OF POLITICAL DOCTRINE QUITE DISTINCT FROM PLEAS OF A NATURE WITH
WHICH THE PUBLIC BELIEVE THEMSELVES TO BE ALREADY FAMILIAR, AND
TO WHICH STRONG PREJUDICES ATTACH. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE
OLDER AND NEWER PACIFIST CONCEPTIONS IS, MOREOVER, REAL AND VITAL,
AND NOT MERELY TACTICAL. IN WHAT IT CONSISTS. THE HOPE OF THE
NEWER METHOD FOUNDED UPON CLEAR HISTORICAL INDICATIONS. THE
NEED FOR A SOUND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION FOR THE POLITICAL
REFORMATION WHICH WE MAY HOPE IS TO BE THE OUTSTANDING WORK
OF OUR GENERATION.,
APPENDIX A
2I9
APPENDIX B 220-224
INDEX 225-236
|
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| callnumber-first | J - Political Science |
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| dewey-ones | 327 - International relations |
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| dewey-search | 327 |
| dewey-sort | 3327 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
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| spelling | Angell, Norman 1874-1967 Verfasser (DE-588)118637711 aut The foundations of international polity Norman Angell London Heinemann 1914 XLVIII, 235 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International law and relations Peace SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004508702&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Angell, Norman 1874-1967 The foundations of international polity International law and relations Peace |
| title | The foundations of international polity |
| title_auth | The foundations of international polity |
| title_exact_search | The foundations of international polity |
| title_full | The foundations of international polity Norman Angell |
| title_fullStr | The foundations of international polity Norman Angell |
| title_full_unstemmed | The foundations of international polity Norman Angell |
| title_short | The foundations of international polity |
| title_sort | the foundations of international polity |
| topic | International law and relations Peace |
| topic_facet | International law and relations Peace |
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