Antarctic fish and fisheries:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge u.a.
Cambridge Univ. Press
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 359 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521362504 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120479469928448 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Antarctic fish and fisheries
Karl-Hermann Kock
Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg, Germany
ggg CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvi
I The ecology of Antarctic fish 1
1 Introduction 3
2 The evolution of the fish fauna of the Southern Ocean 7
2 1 Palaeontological history in the light of geology and
palaeoclimatology 7
2 2 Factors producing faunal change 10
221 Low water temperature 10
222 Habitat limitation 11
223 Trophic factors 12
__ 3 The composition of the fish fauna 13
3 1 Pelagic fish fauna 13
3 2 Bottom fish fauna 15
4 Classification of the Notothenioidei 20
4 1 Classification and description of the Notothenioidei 20
4 2 Species, subspecies and population identity 23
5 Geographical and bathymetric distribution of the fish
fauna 33
5 1 Geographical distribution 33
511 The pelagic fish fauna 33
»
viii Contents
512 The coastal fish fauna 34
5 2 Zoogeography 36
5 3 Bathymetric distribution 39
531 The pelagic fish fauna 39
532 The coastal fish fauna 40
533 The deep-sea bottom and benthopelagic fish fauna 41
5 4 Mesoscale distribution of the coastal fish fauna 41
6 Adaptations to the environment 44
6 1 Freezing resistance 45
6 2 Renal retention 50
6 3 Buoyancy 51
6 4 Oxygen transport and blood physiology 52
6 5 White-blooded fishes 58
6 6 Metabolic cold adaptation 63
6 7 Enzyme properties and protein synthesis 65
6 8 Neurophysiology 68
6 9 Swimming and muscle function 69
6 10 Concepts of cold adaptation 74
6 11 Stenothermy 76
7 Reproduction and early life history 77
7 1 Annual gonad cycle and reproductive effort 77
7 2 Sexual dimorphism 79
7 3 Length and age at first spawning 80
7 4 Egg size 83
7 5 Fecundity 85
7 6 Spawning migrations 92
7 7 Spawning season and duration of spawning 92
7 8 Spawning grounds 93
7 9 Nest guarding 94
7 10 Detrimental effects of spawning 95
7 11 Incubation time 95
7 12 Development of eggs and larvae 96
7 13 Reproductive strategy and larval survival 100
7 14 Reproduction in non-notothenioid fish 103
8 Age, growth, mortality and biomass estimates 107
8 1 Size and age 107
8 2 Age and growth 109
Contents ix
821 Problems in ageing and techniques utilized 110
822 The validity of ageing and implications for fish stock
assessment 115
823 Growth 118
8 3 Natural mortality 125
8 4 Biomass estimates 128
9 The significance of fish in the ecosystem 132
9 1 Fish as predators 132
911 Food composition 132
912 Feeding behaviour 135
913 Prey size 136
914 Trophic ecology of coastal fish species 137
915 Food consumption 141
916 The significance of fish as predators 146
9 2 Fish as prey 148
10 Parasites 152
10 1 Ectoparasites 152
10 2 Endoparasites 155
11 Future research 160
11 Antarctic fisheries 163
12 The commercially exploited species 165
12 1 Target species 165
_ 12 2 Common by-catch species 165
12 3 Species irregularly taken 169
13 The development of the fishery 173
13 1 Historical fishing activities 173
13 2 Exploratory fishing 173
13 2 1 Shore-based activities 173
13 2 2 Offshore activities 176
Trends in the fishery
The Atlantic Ocean sector (FAO Statistical Area 48)
Trends in krill exploitation
x Contents
14 3 The Indian Ocean sector (FAO Statistical Area 58) and
the Pacific Ocean sector (FAO Statistical Area 88) 191
15 Fishing grounds and fishing conditions 197
15 1 The Atlantic Ocean sector 197
15 2 The Indian Ocean sector 199
16 Fish detection and catching methods 202
17 Fishing fleet organization and operation 204
17 1 The Soviet fishing fleet 204
17 2 Fishing vessels of other states 206
17 3 Fishing fleet operations 207
18 Fishery products 209
19 The development of fish stock assessment and fisheries
management in the Southern Ocean 210
19 1 SCAR and SCAR-related activities 211
19 2 The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources (CCAMLR) 212
19 3 Catch statistics 217
19 3 1 The development of a system for the reporting of catch
and effort statistics 217
19 3 2 The reliability of catch statistics 218
20 The effect of fishing on single stocks 221
20 1 South Georgia 222
_20 1 1 Notothenia rossii 222
20 1 2 Champsocephalus gunnari 224
20 1 3 Patagonotothen guntheri 227
20 1 4 Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Pseudochaenichthys
georgianus and Chaenocephalus aceratus 229
20 1 5 Dissostichus eleginoides 231
20 1 6 Electrona carlsbergi 233
20 2 The South Orkney Islands and Antarctic Peninsula region 234
20 2 1 Champsocephalus gunnari 234
20 2 2 Gobionotothen gibberifrons 235
20 2 3 Notothenia rossii 236
Contents xi
20 3 Kerguelen Islands 237
20 3 1 Notothenia rossii 237
20 3 2 Lepidonotothen squamifrons 238
20 3 3 Champsocephalus gunnari 240
20 3 4 Dissostichus eleginoides 241
20 4 Ob and Lena Banks 242
21 Detrimental effect of krill fishing on recruitment 245
22 Effects of fishing and fishery-related activities on other
components of the marine ecosystems of the Southern
Ocean 247
22 1 Interactions of marine mammals and birds with fisheries 247
22 1 1 Benefits to marine mammals and birds from fishing
operations 248
22 1 2 Competition with fisheries 248
22 1 3 Incidental mortality 249
22 2 The effect of bottom trawling on benthic assemblages 251
22 3 Attempts to introduce alien species to the Southern
Ocean 252
23 Approaches to a more effective fisheries management in
the Southern Ocean 255
23 1 Decision-making in CCAMLR 257
23 2 Towards a more effective management strategy 258
23 2 1 Single or multi-species approach? 258
23 2 2 Restoration of the stocks 260
23 2 3 The choice of a harvesting strategy 261
23 2 4 New and developing fisheries 262
23 2 5 Enforcement of conservation measures 263
24 Prospects for a future fish harvest from the Southern
Ocean 265
Annex A
1 Conservation Measures established by the Commission for
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(CCAMLR) to regulate finfishing in the Convention Area 267
xii Contents
2 Resolutions adopted by the Commission for the
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(CCAMLR) to regulate finfishing in the Convention Area 280
Annex B
Laws and regulations established by the Government of
France to control fishing in the Exclusive Economic
Zone of the French Southern Ocean and Antarctic
Territories ( Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises ) 284
Annex C
Statement by the Chairman of the Conference on the
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 295
Glossary of terms 297
References 301
Index 344
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| title | Antarctic fish and fisheries |
| title_auth | Antarctic fish and fisheries |
| title_exact_search | Antarctic fish and fisheries |
| title_full | Antarctic fish and fisheries Karl-Hermann Kock |
| title_fullStr | Antarctic fish and fisheries Karl-Hermann Kock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antarctic fish and fisheries Karl-Hermann Kock |
| title_short | Antarctic fish and fisheries |
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