Hydroclimate: the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Elsevier Applied Science
1992
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 285 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1851667245 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Smith, Ian R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Hydroclimate |b the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |c Ian R. Smith |
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Elsevier Applied Science |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 285 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Hydrométéorologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Écologie d'eau douce |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Freshwater ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrometeorology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Hydroclimate
Autor: Smith, Ian R.
Jahr: 1992
Contents
Preface.......................... í
Chapter 1 Hydroclimate................. 1
Chapter 2 The structure and dynamics of river basins..... 4
2.1 River basin structure................ 4
2.1.1 Introduction.................. 4
2.1.2 Longitudinal river sections............ 6
2.1.3 Catchment form................ 8
2.1.4 River networks................. 12
2.2 Climate and streamflow............... 16
2.2.1 Runoff generation................ 16
2.2.2 Climate classification.............. 19
2.2.3 Average flow.................. 22
2.2.4 Seasonal variation in flow............ 25
2.2.5 Discharge frequency............... 26
2.2.6 Floods and low flows.............. 31
Chapter 3 Outline of fluid dynamics............ 39
3.1 Basic features of fluid motion............ 40
3.1.1 Characteristics of fluid motion.......... 40
3.1.2 Methods of analysis............... 42
3.2 The nature of turbulence.............. 43
3.2.1 Basic features................. 43
3.2.2 Boundary layer flow............... 48
3.2.3 Turbulent structure............... 51
3.2.4 Advection-diffusion equation........... 54
3.2.5 Free turbulence................. 56
3.3 Hydrodynamic properties of particulate matter..... 58
3.3.1 Introduction.................. 58
3.3.2 Static properties................ 60
vii
viii Contents
3.3.3 Bed deposits.................. 62
3.3.4 Particles in suspension.............. 62
3.4 The dynamics of paniculate matter.......... 64
3.4.1 Introduction.................. 64
3.4.2 The onset of bed movement........... 66
3.4.3 Particles in suspension.............. 67
3.4.4 Shields diagram................ 70
3.4.5 Cohesive sediments............... 72
Chapter 4 The dynamics of hydraulic systems........ 74
4.1 Linear systems theory................ 74
4.1.1 Introduction.................. 74
4.1.2 Response to standard inputs........... 77
4.1.3 Mass balance of a mixed basin.......... 79
4.2 Incomplete mixing................. 82
4.2.1 Mixing processes................ 82
4.2.2 Residence time distributions........... 83
4.2.3 Reaction efficiency............... 87
4.3 Compartment models................ 88
4.3.1 Introduction.................. 88
4.3.2 Parallel systems................. 89
4.3.3 Series systems................. 91
4.3.4 Systems with backflow.............. 93
4.3.5 Seasonal stratification.............. 95
4.4 Final remarks................... 97
Chapter 5 Hydraulic characteristics of rivers......... 98
5.1 River morphology................. 98
5.1.1 Introduction.................. 98
5.1.2 Classification of river morphology......... 98
5.1.3 Relations between channel dimensions and flow . . 101
5.1.4 Particle size variation along a river........ 108
5.1.5 Micro-topography of river beds.......... Ill
5.2 River mechanics.................. 113
5.2.1 River as a boundary layer flow.......... 113
5.2.2 Stage discharge curves.............. 123
5.2.3 Dissolved and suspended loads.......... 124
5.2.4 Numerical example............... 126
5.3 Hydrodynamic features of river habitats........ 131
5.3.1 Introduction.................. 131
Contents ix
5.3.2 River stability................. 132
5.3.3 Micro-hydraulics................ 136
5.3.4 Dispersion and mixing in rivers.......... 139
Chapter 6 Hydraulic characteristics of lakes......... 142
6.1 Lake morphology.................. 142
6.1.1 Introduction.................. 142
6.1.2 Standard measures............... 142
6.1.3 Hydrodynamic measures............. 146
6.2 Wind characteristics................. 148
6.2.1 Introduction.................. 148
6.2.2 Features of land station data........... 150
6.2.3 Wind over water................ 151
6.3 The hydraulic structure of lakes........... 155
6.4 Wind-water interactions............... 157
6.4.1 Basic processes................. 157
6.4.2 Empirical observations.............. 158
6.4.3 Langmuir circulations.............. 159
6.4.4 Hydrostatic balance............... 161
6.4.5 Vertical current structure............ 162
6.5 Motion in isothermal lakes.............. 163
6.5.1 Introduction.................. 163
6.5.2 Two dimensional steady circulation........ 165
6.5.3 Circulation in irregularly shaped lakes....... 167
6.5.4 Surface seiches................. 169
6.6 Motion in stratified lakes.............. 173
6.6.1 The occurrence of stratification.......... 173
6.6.2 Properties of a stratified profile.......... 176
6.6.3 Thermocline tilt and internal seiches....... 178
6.6.4 Regimes of stratified motion........... 179
6.6.5 Steady state circulation in stratified lakes..... 183
6.7 Surface waves................... 183
6.7.1 Wave characteristics............... 183
6.7.2 Deep water waves................ 186
6.7.3 Shore zone waves................ 189
6.8 Other features of lake motion............ 191
6.8.1 Inflow and outflow dynamics........... 191
6.8.2 Turbulence in lakes............... 195
6.8.3 Exchanges between sediment and water...... 199
6.9 Final remarks................... 202
÷ Contents
Chapter 7 River basin modification............. 204
7.1 Reservoirs and flow regulation............ 204
7.1.1 Types of reservoir................ 204
7.1.2 Storage theory................. 206
7.1.3 Reservoir features................ 208
7.2 Modifications to river habitats............ 209
7.2.1 Introduction.................. 209
7.2.2 Effects of flow changes............. 210
7.2.3 Changes in river structure............ 211
Chapter 8 Freshwater Ecosystems............. 215
8.1 Idealised ecosystems................ 215
8.1.1 Ecosystems and ecosystem models........ 215
8.1.2 Idealised river ecosystems............ 219
8.1.3 Idealised lake ecosystems............ 222
8.2 Rate controlled growth............... 224
8.2.1 Introduction.................. 224
8.2.2 Resources................... 224
8.2.3 Regulators................... 226
8.2.4 Physical losses................. 228
8.2.5 General remarks................ 229
8.3 Event controlled growth............... 229
8.3.1 The nature of events.............. 230
8.3.2 Species response to events............ 231
8.3.3 Hydrodynamic stress and population loss..... 234
8.3.4 Population loss due to a sudden discharge of toxin . 235
8.4 Space controlled growth............... 237
8.4.1 Spatial variation in plankton growth........ 237
8.4.2 Habitat availability............... 239
8.5 Final remarks................... 240
Chapter 9 Synthesis................... 242
9.1 Background.................... 242
9.1.1 Interests involved in river basins......... 242
9.1.2 The logic of hydroclimate investigations...... 244
9.1.3 Modelling aquatic systems............ 246
9.2 River models.................... 246
9.2.1 River description................ 247
9.2.2 Transport and storage.............. 249
9.2.3 River ecology.................. 253
Contents xi
9.3 Lake models.................... 256
9.3.1 Introduction.................. 256
9.3.2 Basic features of lake hydroclimate........ 256
9.3.3 Lake ecology.................. 259
References........................ 261
Appendix 1: The properties of water............ 271
A.I Viscosity-temperature relationship.......... 271
A.2 Density-temperature relationship.......... 271
Appendix 2: Notation.................. 273
Index.......................... 279
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| spelling | Smith, Ian R. Verfasser aut Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology Ian R. Smith London u.a. Elsevier Applied Science 1992 XI, 285 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hydrométéorologie ram Écologie d'eau douce ram Freshwater ecology Hydrometeorology Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Hydrometeorologie (DE-588)4113981-1 gnd rswk-swf Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Hydrometeorologie (DE-588)4113981-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003886223&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Ian R. Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology Hydrométéorologie ram Écologie d'eau douce ram Freshwater ecology Hydrometeorology Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Hydrometeorologie (DE-588)4113981-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058507-4 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4113981-1 |
| title | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |
| title_auth | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |
| title_exact_search | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |
| title_full | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology Ian R. Smith |
| title_fullStr | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology Ian R. Smith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology Ian R. Smith |
| title_short | Hydroclimate |
| title_sort | hydroclimate the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |
| title_sub | the influence of water movement on freshwater ecology |
| topic | Hydrométéorologie ram Écologie d'eau douce ram Freshwater ecology Hydrometeorology Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Hydrometeorologie (DE-588)4113981-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hydrométéorologie Écologie d'eau douce Freshwater ecology Hydrometeorology Süßwasser Ökosystem Hydrometeorologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003886223&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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