Principles of hydrology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
McGraw-Hill
1990
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 365 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0077072049 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of hydrology |c R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b McGraw-Hill |c 1990 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 365 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Hydrologie |2 gtt | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003866651 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120344210964480 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Principles of hydrology
Autor: Ward, Roy C.
Jahr: 1990
Contents
Preface ÷ûß
Preface to First Edition xv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Water—facts and figures 1
1.2 The changing nature of hydrology 1
1.3 The hydrological cycle and system 3
1.4 The nature of hydrological processes 6
References 9
CHAPTER 2 PRECIPITATION
2.1 Introduction and definitions 11
2.2 Precipitation mechanisms 12
2.2.1 Cyclonic precipitation 12
2.2.2 Convectional precipitation 13
2.2.3 Orographie precipitation 13
2.3 General spatial patterns of precipitation 13
2.3.1 Global pattern of precipitation 14
2.3.2 Regional precipitation 14
2.4 Precipitation measurement 15
2.4.1 Point measurement 16
2.4.2 Areal rainfall 19
2.5 Temporal variations in precipitation records 26
2.5.1 Stochastic variations 27
2.5.2 Periodic variations 28
2.5.3 Secular variations 30
2.6 Analysis of precipitation data 31
2.6.1 Catchment mean rainfall 32
2.6.2 Storm precipitation patterns 33
2.6.3 Rainfall statistics 35
2.7 Hydrological aspects of snow 42
2.7.1 Distribution of snow 42
2.7.2 Amount of snowfall 44
2.7.3 Snowmelt 45
2.8 Human modification of precipitation patterns 47
References 48
viü CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3 INTERCEPTION
3.1 Introduction and definitions 54
3.2 Factors affecting interception loss from vegetation 54
3.3 Interception and the water balance 57
3.4 Measuring interception 60
3.5 Modelling interception 61
3.6 Interception losses from different types of vegetation 67
3.6.1 Woodlands 67
3.6.2 Grasses and shrubs 70
3.6.3 Agricultural crops 70
3.7 Interception of snow 71
3.8 Interception in urban areas 73
3.9 Horizontal interception 73
3.10 Surface storage 75
References 5
CHAPTER 4 EVAPORATION
4.1 Introduction and definitions 79
4.2 The process of evaporation 79
4.3 Evaporation from free water surfaces 82
4.3.1 Meteorological factors 82
4.3.2 Physical factors 84
4.3.3 Evaporation from snow 87
4.3.4 Amounts and variations of free water evaporation 87
4.4 Evaporation from soils 88
4.4.1 Soil moisture content 89
4.4.2 Soil capillary characteristics 91
4.4.3 Other factors 92
4.4.4 Amounts and variations of soil evaporation 93
4.5 Evaporation from vegetation covers 93
4.5.1 Potential evaporation and actual evaporation 94
4.5.2 Meteorological factors 95
4.5.3 Vegetational factors 96
4.5.4 Soil factors 103
4.5.5 The components of evaporation from vegetation covers 105
4.5.6 Amounts and variations of evaporation from vegetation covers 108
4.6 Modelling evaporation 110
4.6.1 Modelling and measurement 110
4.6.2 Theoretical equations 113
4.6.3 Empirical and semi-empirical models 115
References 121
CONTENTS ¡x
CHAPTER 5 SOIL WATER
5.1 Introduction and definitions 129
5.2 Physical properties of soils affecting soil water 131
5.3 Storage of soil water 132
5.3.1 Water retention forces 132
5.3.2 Soil moisture characteristics (retention curves) 134
5.3.3 Hysteresis I35
5.3.4 Soil water constants 136
5.3.5 Soil water energy (potential) 137
5.3.6 Measurement of soil water 141
5.4 Movement of soil water I43
5.4.1 Principles of unsaturated flow 144
5.4.2 Infiltration of water into soils 148
5.4.3 Soil water redistribution following infiltration 155
5.4.4 Upward movement of soil water from the water table 158
5.5 Soil water behaviour under field conditions 159
5.5.1 Soil water hysteresis 160
5.5.2 Soil heterogeneity 160
5.5.3 Topography 166
5.5.4 Effects of man 168
References 169
CHAPTER 6 GROUNDWATER
6.1 Introduction 174
6.2 Geological background 174
6.3 Confined and unconfined aquifers 175
6.4 Groundwater storage 177
6.4.1 Porosity 177
6.4.2 Specific yield and specific retention 180
6.4.3 Groundwater balance 181
6.5 Groundwater movement 194
6.5.1 Darcy s law 194
6.5.2 Factors affecting hydraulic conductivity 196
6.5.3 Flow nets 198
6.5.4 Two-dimensional groundwater flow 200
6.5.5 Unconfined groundwater flow—classical models 202
6.5.6 Confined groundwater flow 204
6.5.7 Regional groundwater flow 205
6.5.8 Groundwater flow in coastal aquifers 207
References 211
CHAPTER 7 RUNOFF
7.1 Introduction 216
7.2 Quickflow and slowflow 216
? CONTENTS
7.3 Sources and components of runoff 218
7.3.1 Channel precipitation 220
7.3.2 Overland flow 220
7.3.3 Throughflow 220
7.3.4 Groundwater flow 221
7.4 Event-based variations 222
7.4.1 The Horton hypothesis 222
7.4.2 The Hewlett hypothesis 223
7.4.3 The role of groundwater 231
7.4.4 Exceptions to the Hewlett hypothesis? 233
7.4.5 Hydrograph separation 234
7.5 Daily flow variations 237
7.6 Seasonal variations 242
7.6.1 Simple regimes 244
7.6.2 Complex I regimes 244
7.6.3 Complex II regimes 244
7.6.4 River regimes in Britain 247
7.7 Long-term variations of flow and flow variability 249
7.8 Extremes of runoff 252
7.8.1 Flood flows 253
7.8.2 Low flows 258
7.9 Runoff from snow-covered areas 269
7.9.1 Snowpack surveys 269
7.9.2 Energy exchange and snowmelt 270
7.9.3 Snowpack properties and water movement 271
7.9.4 Modelling runoff from snow-covered areas 272
7.9.5 Runoff from glacierized areas 273
7.10 Man s influence on runoff 276
7.10.1 Hydraulic structures 276
7.10.2 River diversion 277
7.10.3 Agricultural techniques 277
7.10.4 Urbanization 284
7.10.5 Severity of flooding 284
7.11 Modelling runoff 286
7.11.1 Types of runoff model 286
7.11.2 The Système Hydrologique Européen (SHE) model 287
7.11.3 Institute of Hydrology Distributed Model (IHDM) 288
7.11.4 Stochastic runoff models 288
References 289
CHAPTER 8 WATER QUALITY
8.1 Introduction and definitions 298
8.1.1 Properties of water 298
8.1.2 Water quality characteristics 300
8.2 Processes controlling the chemical composition of water 302
CONTENTS xi
8.3 Atmospheric solutes 305
8.4 Interception and evaporation 312
8.5 Soil water and groundwater 313
8.5.1 Weathering of rocks 314
8.5.2 Adsorption and exchange reactions 315
8.5.3 Solute movement in soils and groundwater 318
8.5.4 Tracers 323
8.5.5 Chemical evolution of groundwater 324
8.5.6 Presentation of water chemistry data 325
8.6 Runoff 326
8.6.1 Processes in stream channels 327
8.6.2 Lakes 330
8.6.3 Catchments 331
8.7 In conclusion 337
References 339
Reference abbreviations 345
Simplified metric conversion tables 347
Index 349
|
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| id | DE-604.BV006120463 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:40:35Z |
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| isbn | 0077072049 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Ward, Roy C. 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)122468805 aut Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson 3. ed. London u.a. McGraw-Hill 1990 XVI, 365 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hydrologie gtt Hydrologie ram Hydrology Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 gnd rswk-swf Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 s DE-604 Robinson, Mark Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003866651&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026309-5 |
| title | Principles of hydrology |
| title_auth | Principles of hydrology |
| title_exact_search | Principles of hydrology |
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| title_fullStr | Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| title_short | Principles of hydrology |
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| topic | Hydrologie gtt Hydrologie ram Hydrology Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hydrologie Hydrology |
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