Anthropology for the nineties: introductory readings
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a .
Free Press u.a.
1988
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. print. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Früher u. d. T.: Anthropology for the eighties |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 561 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0029064414 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120301560135680 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ANTHROPOLOGY
FOR THE NINETIES
Introductory Readings
Revised Edition of
ANTHROPOLOGY FOR THE EIGHTIES
Edited with Introductions by
Johnnetta B Cole
THE FREE PRESS
A Division of Macmillan, Inc
NEW YORK
Collier Macmillan Publishers
LONDON
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments xvii
Contributors xxiii
Introduction 1
I The Practice and Ethics of Fieldwork
Introduction 7
1 The End of Fieldwork John Middleton 14
Reporting on his fieldwork among the Lugbara in Uganda,
Middleton describes his views, feelings, techniques, and position
in the community and how they evolved over time
2 Towards a Native Anthropology Delmos J Jones 30
Comparing his fieldwork experiences as both an insider and
an outsider, Jones calls for the development of native
anthropological theory based on the insiders perspectives
3 Epistemology and Power: Rethinking
Ethnography at Greenham Lynn Wilson 42
Fieldwork at an international women s peace camp raises the
dilemmas common to all anthropological research but to activist
anthropology in particular, because the creation and reporting
of knowledge is inextricably linked to global politics
XI
xii CONTENTS
4 A Goy in the Ghetto: Gentile-Jewish Communication
in Fieldwork Research William E Mitchell 59
Cultural styles of communication are crucial to the fieldwork •
process, particularly when the researcher is perceived as
belonging to a dangerous out-group, as a goy researching
Jewish communities
II Aspects of Culture
Introduction 73
Language and Culture
Introduction 79
5 Shakespeare in the Bush Laura Bohannan 86
Although Hamlet may be about universal human experiences—
family, love, power—the meaning of Shakespeare s drama very
much depends on cultural values and practices
6 Black American English Arthur K Spears 96
What is Black American English and who speaks it? Examining
Black English linguistically—as one dialect out of many in the
English language—reveals the grammatical and stylistic
variations of this widespread form
7 American Catalogues of Asian Brides Ara Wilson 114
The catalogues of Southeast Asian women produced by mail
order marriage service bureaus for North American men are
cultural documents that reveal an underlying ideology of race,
gender, and desire
8 Sexism and the Construction of Reality:
An Afro-American Example Sally Price 126
The different positions of men and women in Suriname society
are reflected in the different values attached to male and female
crafts, and in the different contents of folk songs
Social Systems
Introduction 149
9 Marriage and Divorce Among the North
Alaskan Eskimos Ernest S Burch, Jr 155
Comparing Eskimo and middle-class American marriage and
divorce, Burch explores the differences in cultural norms and
values that underlie the differences in marital practices and
emotions
Contents xiii
10 African and Afro-American Family Structure
Mara Sudarkasa 182
Afro-American kinship systems, like their American precursors,
include nuclear families as discussed by Burch but can best be
understood as extended support networks
11 The Role of Voluntary Associations in West African
Urbanization Kenneth Little 211
In a heterogeneous urban West African community, voluntary
associations—tribal, occupational, or recreational—serve some
of the support functions traditionally performed by kin
12 Drinking to Prosperity: Hedonism and
Modernization in Vilafranca Edward C Hansen 231
The Spanish men of Vilafranca establish prestige and business
and political networks through correct participation in the bar
culture
Economic Systems, Changing Technology,
and the Impact of the West
Introduction 243
13 The Original Affluent Society Marshall Sahlins 253
Although hunter/gatherers produce much less than individuals
in modern industrial societies, they enjoy an affluence of
limited desires, sufficient goods, and significant leisure time
14 The Impact of Money on an African Subsistence
Economy Paul Bohannan 275
The economic and kinship systems of Nigeria s Tiv were based
on two distinct types of exchange The introduction of Western
notions of currency—a single medium used in all exchanges—
brought profound changes in the social, political, and economic
institutions of Tiv society and challenged basic moral values as
well
15 Indians and the Metropolis Joseph G Jorgensen 286
As a result of the growth of urban America and the white-
controlled national economy, the formerly self-sufficient Native
American is now in a state of dependency and
underdevelopment, kept there by the vicious cycle of
poverty, poor health, inadequate education, and unemployment
16 When the Turtle Collapses, the World Ends
Bernard Nietschmann 302
Similarly, the once self-sufficient Miskito Indians lost control
over their economy and social system—both dependent on the
exchange of turtle meat—when foreign companies depleted this
vital resource
xiv CONTENTS
17 Notes on Women, Work, and Society
Leith Mull ings 312
The reason that men and women do different kinds of work in
sexual divisions of labor is not due to biology but to social
organization, which shapes ideologies of sex difference
18 The Maquila Women Patricia Fernandez-Kelly 324
Industrial employment opportunities have been viewed as
catalysts for change in women s social position, but Fernandez-
Kelly concludes that in the Mexican border towns female
subordination is too deeply entrenched to be eroded by the
addition of a factory job to a woman s domestic chores
Political Systems
Introduction 331
19 The Bunyoro: An African Kingdom
John Beattie 336
The Bunyoro Kingdom of Uganda, like all states from the
United States of America to feudal states to medieval Europe is
characterized by urban concentrations, economic
specialization, unequal distribution of surpluses, and the
government s power to make and enforce political decisions
20 The Kpelle Moot: A Therapeutic Model for the Informal
Settlement of Disputes James L Gibbs, Jr 347
The Kpelle Moot is more appropriate than the formal court
system for settling disputes among kin or neighbors because its
aim is not to prove fault but to reestablish amicable relations
21 An Analysis of the Memphis Garbage Strike of 1968
Thomas W Collins 360
With no mutually acceptable mootlike procedure available to
mediate the conflict between workers and the City of Memphis
during the 1968 garbage strike, which was exacerbated by racial
and class tensions, direct and bitter confrontation was the only
path to resolution
22 The Dream of Diversity, the Dilemma of Difference:
Race and Class Contradictions in a Feminist
Health Clinic Sandra Morgen 370
Morgen explores how a political organization based on
egalitarian ideals—in this case a North American feminist
health clinic—could develop a hierarchical structure with a
racial and class division of labor that contradicted those
principles
Contents xv
Ritual and Belief Systems
Introduction 381
23 Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations Among a
New Guinea People Roy A Rappaport 389
In addition to its symbolic function, religious rituals of the
Maring-speakers in New Guinea regulate warfare and the food
supply—human society and the ecosystem
24 Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings
Bronislaw Malinowski 404
Trpbriand Islanders farm, fish, and build in accordance with
their scientific knowledge of the natural world, turning to magic
only when faced with forces beyond their control
25 Witchcraft Practices and Psychocultural Therapy with
Urban U S Families Madeleine Leininger All
Witchcraft is not peculiar to tribal people, but as Leininger
documents, is one response of 20th-century Americans to
personal or social stress
26 Religion in an Affluent Society Surajit Sinha 429
Hinduism in West Bengal-Behar, India, and Christianity in
Mapletown, USA, both support and reflect the existing social
order
27 Tourism: The Sacred Journey Nelson H H Graburn 448
Vacations involve a set of beliefs and rituals concerning work
and play, and tourism is a secular form of the sacred quest that
serves to mark the flow of time
III Toward a New Anthropology: On Systems of Inequality
Introduction 463
28 Up the Anthropologist—Perspectives Gained from
Studying Up Laura Nader 470
In addition to their traditional studies of Third World and,
often, poor communities, anthropologists must also study the
political, economic, and social elites, the power centers of
societies
29 Race, Caste, and Other Invidfous Distinctions in Social
Stratification Gerald D Berreman 485
Invidious distinctions are those limitations and divisions
imposed at birth upon groups of people—be they genders,
races, or castes—to justify unequal distributions of resources
and opportunities
xvi CONTENTS
30 Telltale Language: Race, Class, and Inequality
in Two Latin American Towns Angela Gilliam 522
A sociolinguistic analysis of expressions in Brazil and Mexico
uncovers the implications of ethnic classifications, particularly
for conjugal unions
31 Women in Cuba: The Revolution Within the
Revolution Johnnetta B Cole 532
An examination of the role of Cuban women before and after
the Revolution expands our understanding of the
interrelationships among political and economic systems and
gender roles
Index 549
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