Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Stockholm [u.a.]
Beijer Inst. [u.a.]
1986
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Energy, environment and development in Africa
9 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 206 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9171062564 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Énergie - Développement - Zimbabwe | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 9
ZIMBABWE: ENERGY PLANNING FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
RICHARD H HOSIER
With the Collaboration of:
YEMI KATARERE
DAVID K MUNASIREI
JABAVU C NKOMO
BONNIE J RAM
PETER B ROBINSON
Published by
THE BEIJER INSTITUTE and
The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences
Stockholm, Sweden
THE SCANDINAVIAN INSTITUTE
OF AFRICAN STUDIES
Uppsala, Sweden
- v-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES x
ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS xi
ENERGY CONTENT OF DIFFERENT FUELS xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
1 ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE 1
Energy and Development 2
Zimbabwe's Energy Economy 4
Integrated Energy Planning 6
2 CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION 9
End-Use Energy Demand 9
Rural Energy Consumption 15
Rural Domestic Energy Use 16
Agricultural Energy Use 20
Rural Small-Scale Industrial Energy Use 24
Urban Energy Consumption 25
Urban Domestic Energy Use 25
Municipal Energy Use 27
Informal Sector Energy Use 27
Industrial Energy Consumption 28
Mining amp; Manufacturing Energy Consumption 29
Construction Energy Use 32
Commercial Energy Use 33
Transportation Energy Consumption 34
Road Transportation 34
Rail Transportation 36
Air Transportation 36
3 CURRENT ENERGY SUPPLY 37
Energy Conversions 42
Energy Resource Requirements 43
Electricity 44
Coal 45
Liquid Fuels 45
Wood 46
Farming Systems,Land Use and Agricultural
Productivity 47
Wood Stocks and Yields 58
Current Wood Supply Patterns 63
-vi-
4 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS: DEMAND AND SUPPLY PROJECTIONS 65
Base-Case Definition 66
Demographic Assumptions 66
Economic Assumptions 69
Energy Resource Requirements 73
Future Energy Balance 73
Commercial Fuel Requirements 79
Electricity 79
Coal 81
Liquid Fuels 81
Optimization of Commercial Fuel Supply
Investments 83
Hoodfuel Requirements 85
Land-use Projections 85
Demand For and Supply of Wood 88
Wood Resource Adequacy 91
Alternative Scenarios: Rural Oriented and
Industry Oriented Growth 96
Results of the Three Scenarios 100
5 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS: IMPERATIVES FOR ACTION 103
Future Energy Problems 103
Rural Energy Concerns 104
Urban Energy Concerns 108
Industrial Energy Concerns 110
Transportation Energy Concerns 112
The Integration of Energy Planning 113
Focusing on the Major Energy Problems 114
Institutional Responsibilities 116
6 ENERGY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 119
Energy Policy Alternatives 120
Wood Resource Options 120
Wood Supply Enhancement 121
Farm Forestry 122
Periurban Plantations 127
Commercial Plantations and Woodlots 128
Management of Natural Forests 129
Rural Afforestation: A Summary 130
Fuelwood Demand Mitigation 131
Interfuel Substitution 13 2
Efficient Woodstoves 134
Energy Options for Rural Applications 137
Draught Power 138
Water Pumping 139
Other Renewable Energy Applications 140
-vii-
Energy Options for Industrial Applications 144
Energy Conservation - 144
Enhanced Technological Capabilities 145
Interfuel Substitution 146
Pricing Policies 148
Energy Options for Transportation 149
Improved Vehicular Efficiency 149
Alternative Liquid Fuels 150
Rail Electrification 151
Air Transport 151
Ensuring Adequate Supplies of Energy 152
7 POLICY SCENARIOS 153
Proposed Policy Scenarios 153
Wood Energy Scenarios 155
Program Components 155
Improved Woodstoves 155
Fuelwood Supply Enhancement 157
Other Interventions 159
Long Term Impacts 160
Commercial Fuel Program 164
Program Components 164
Urban Electrification 164
Industrial Fuel Substitution 166
Transport Fuel Substitution 170
Long Term Impacts 17 2
8 DIRECTIONS FOR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE 177
Energy Program Components 178
Implications for Other Developing Countries 182
Methodological Reflections 185
CHAPTER NOTES 189
INDEX 203
LIST OF TABLES
Table No Page
i, ii Energy Conversion Factors xi
2 1 Summary of End-Use Disaggregation 12
2 2 1982 National End-Use Demand Summary by Fuel Type and
Sector 14
2 3 Percent of Fuels and Energy Used by Sectors 14
2 4 Rural Household Activity Levels, 1982 17
2 5 Rural Households End-Use Energy Consumption 18
2 6 Percent of Rural Household Energy Use by Subsector and
Fuel 19
-viii-
2 7 Energy Intensity of Major End-Uses in Rural Domestic
Sector 19
2 8 Agricultural Activity Levels 1982 21
2 9 Agricultural End-Use Energy Consumption 22
2 10 Percent of Agricultural Energy Use by Subsector and
Fuel 23
2 11 Urban Household End-Use Energy Consumption 26
2 12 Energy Consumption by Industrial Subsectors, 1982 30
2 13 Intensity of Industrial Energy Utilization 31
2 14 Energy Consumption in the Construction Sector 33
2 15 Energy Consumption by the Commercial Sector 34
2 16 Transportation Energy Consumption 35
3 1 Zimbabwe's Energy Balance, 1982 40
3 2 Electricity Supply Sources 1982 44
3 3 Coal Production at Hwange 45
3 4 Liquid Fuel Requirements, 1982 46
3 5 Provincial Totals by Natural Region 52
3 6 Land Use Categories and Natural Regions 53
3 7 Land Use Categories in Zimbabwe 54
3 8 Non-Utilizable Land in Zimbabwe 57
3 9 Indigenous Forest/Grazing Land in Zimbabwe 58
3 10 Wood Stocks by Natural Region and Land Type 61
3 11 Wood Yield by Natural Region and Land Type 61
3 12 Total Wood Stocks and Supplies by Land Type 6 2
3 13 Provincial Total Wood Stocks and Supplies by Land Type 63
4 1 Population, Number of Households and Growth Rates,
1982-2002 68
4 2 Economic Growth Projections: Base-Case 71
4 3 Cropped Area Projections: Base-Case 7 2
4 4 2002 Natural End-Use Demand Summary by Fuel Type and
Sector 73
4 5 Annual Growth Rates in Energy Consumption by
Major Sector 75
4 6 Annual Growth Rates in Energy Consumption by Fuel Type 75
4 7 Fraction of Rail Traffic Hauled 76
4 8 Projected Energy Balance, 2002 78
4 9 Base Case Electricity Generation and Consumption 80
4 10 Coal Projections 81
4 11 Quantities of Imported Liquid Fuels 82
4 12 Supply and Demand for Ethanol 83
4 13 Projection of Cropped Land 86
4 14 Percentage Increase in Agricultural Productions by
Farming System 87
4 15 National Fuelwood Supply and Demand Relationships 88
4 16 Provincial Fuelwood Supply and Demand 90
4 17 Fuelwood Supply and Demand for Provinces Facing
Absolute Wood Shortfall 95
- ix-
4 18 Average Annual Energy Demand Growth Rates 1982-2002
for the Three Scenarios 100
5 1 Paraffin Required to Meet Wood Shortfall 106
5 2 Summary of Energy Problems Identified 116
5 A Cost per Effective GJ Cooking Fuel 196
6 1 Qualitative Comparison of Different Afforestation
Options 130
6 2 Laboratory Test Results: Efficiency and Power Ratio 135
6 3 Impacts of Sample Alternative Energy Program 143
6 4 Summary of Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand 147
6 A Summary of Own-Price Elasticities of Demand 201
7 1 Wood Resource Project Policy Targets 159
7 2 Wood Resource Balance: Base Case vs Policy Case 160
7 3 Changes Resulting from Urban Electrification, 2002 164
7 4 Changes in the Chemical Sector's Electricity Requirements
Due to the Phasing-Out of the Electrolysis Process 167
7 5 Changes in Transport Sector Energy Requirements, 2002 171
7 6 Combined Changes in Energy Demand Arising from
Commercial Fuels Policy Scenario, 200 2 173
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Page
3 1 Energy Supply Process • 41
3 2 Zimbabwe Administrative Provinces 49
3 3 Natural Regions 50
3 4 ZEAP-Adapted Natural Regions 51
4 1 Consumption by Fuel Type: Base-Case Projections 74
4 2 Consumption by Sector: Base-Case Projections 74
4 3 Fuelwood Supply Balance: Base-Case Projections 93
4 4 Source of Wood Supplies: Base-Case Projections 94
4 5 Population Projections for Different Scenarios: 2002 98
4 6 Economic Projections for Different Scenarios : 2002 98
4 7 Consumption by Sector 99
4 8 Consumption by Fuel Type 99
7 1 Fuelwood Balance: Wood-Policy Scenario 163 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| series2 | Energy, environment and development in Africa |
| spelling | Hosier, Richard H. Verfasser aut Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development Richard H. Hosier Stockholm [u.a.] Beijer Inst. [u.a.] 1986 XII, 206 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energy, environment and development in Africa 9 Politique énergétique - Zimbabwe Énergie - Consommation - Zimbabwe Énergie - Développement - Zimbabwe Energiepolitik fes Energy consumption Zimbabwe Energy development Zimbabwe Energy policy Zimbabwe Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd rswk-swf Energieplanung (DE-588)4191686-4 gnd rswk-swf Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd rswk-swf Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd rswk-swf Simbabwe fes Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd rswk-swf Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 g Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 s DE-604 Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 s 1\p DE-604 Energieplanung (DE-588)4191686-4 s 2\p DE-604 Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 s 3\p DE-604 Energy, environment and development in Africa 9 (DE-604)BV000014994 9 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003835133&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Hosier, Richard H. Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development Energy, environment and development in Africa Politique énergétique - Zimbabwe Énergie - Consommation - Zimbabwe Énergie - Développement - Zimbabwe Energiepolitik fes Energy consumption Zimbabwe Energy development Zimbabwe Energy policy Zimbabwe Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Energieplanung (DE-588)4191686-4 gnd Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014736-8 (DE-588)4191686-4 (DE-588)4014743-5 (DE-588)4014715-0 (DE-588)4049850-5 |
| title | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development |
| title_auth | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development |
| title_exact_search | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development |
| title_full | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development Richard H. Hosier |
| title_fullStr | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development Richard H. Hosier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development Richard H. Hosier |
| title_short | Zimbabwe: energy planning for national development |
| title_sort | zimbabwe energy planning for national development |
| topic | Politique énergétique - Zimbabwe Énergie - Consommation - Zimbabwe Énergie - Développement - Zimbabwe Energiepolitik fes Energy consumption Zimbabwe Energy development Zimbabwe Energy policy Zimbabwe Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Energieplanung (DE-588)4191686-4 gnd Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politique énergétique - Zimbabwe Énergie - Consommation - Zimbabwe Énergie - Développement - Zimbabwe Energiepolitik Energy consumption Zimbabwe Energy development Zimbabwe Energy policy Zimbabwe Energieversorgung Energieplanung Energiewirtschaft Simbabwe |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003835133&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000014994 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hosierrichardh zimbabweenergyplanningfornationaldevelopment |