Ecological risk estimation:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton u.a.
Lewis
1992
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Toxicology and environmental health series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 252 S. |
| ISBN: | 0873711637 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ecological risk estimation |c Steven M. Bartell ; Robert H. Gardner ; Robert V. O'Neill |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton u.a. |b Lewis |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a 252 S. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Toxicology and environmental health series | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Milieutoxicologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Risicoanalyse |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Risques écotoxicologiques |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecological risk assessment | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Gardner, Robert H. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a O'Neill, Robert V. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | l
TABLE OF CONTENTS j
i
1 Background and Motivation for Ecological Risk Analysis
Introduction 1
Ecological Risk Analysis 2
Desirable Attributes of a Risk Methodology 4
Ecosystem Perspectives in Ecological Risk Analysis 6
Population Interactions 6
Environmental Context 7
Legislation and Ecological Risk Analysis 8
Federal Water Pollution Control Act 8
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 10
Toxic Substances Control Act 11
Other Legislation 11
Purpose 12
References 15
2 Toxicological and Ecological Data for Risk Analysis
Introduction 17
Sources of Toxicological Data 20
Sources of Imprecision in Toxicity Data 22
Data Limitations 24
Molecular Structure, Topology, and Toxicity 25
Structure Activity Relations and Chemical Fate 26
Structure Activity and Toxicity 29
Differential Population Sensitivity and Risk 34
Ecological Data 35
Summary 37
References 37
3 An Aquatic Ecosystem Model for Risk Analysis
Introduction 43
A Standard Water Column Model 44
Phytoplankton 47
Zooplankton, Planktivorous Fish, and Piscivore Populations ..49 J
Deterministic Model Solution 50 j
Spatial and Temporal Scales 54
Food Web Structure 55
Physiological Process Equations 55
The Physical Chemical Environment 56
Parameter Estimation 57
Model Behavior 58
Summary 59
References 60
4 Modeling Sublethal Toxic Effects
Introduction 65
Interpretation of Acute Toxicity Data 65
Exposure Concentration 66
Concentration Response Functions 66
Computationally Intensive Methods for CRFs 68
A General Toxic Stress Syndrome 69
Specific Process Inhibitors or Stimulators 71
Calculation of an Effects Matrix 71
Uncertainties and the Effects Factors 76
Systematic Evaluation of the Stress Syndrome 80
Physiological Detail 83
Summary 87
References 89
5 Forecasting Risk in Aquatic Ecosystems
Description of the Forecasting Algorithm 93
Collation of Toxicity Data 93
Quantification of the Exposure Concentration 94
Mapping Toxicity Data onto Model Populations 95
Calculating an Effects Matrix 97
Modeling Effects at Different Levels of Resolution 98
Physiological Effects 98
Population Effects 100
Community Level Responses 102
Ecosystem Level Effects 104
Monte Carlo Simulation and Risk Estimation 108
Endpoints for Risk 108
Distribution of the Effects Factors 110
Simulations Ill
Distribution of Effects and Risk 112
Examples of Ecological Risk 113
A Chloroparaffin Example 117
Scenario I 118
Scenario II 119
Scenario III 119
Scenario IV 119
Scenario V 120
Risk Estimates from Scenarios I to V 120
Components of Chloroparaffin Risk 122
Refinements of Risk Methods 124
Summary 125
References 126
6 Evaluation of the Risk Forecasting Methodology
Introduction 131
The Validation Issue 131
Estimates of Exposure Concentration 138
The General Stress Syndrome 141
Uncertainties and the Effects Factors 142
Sensitivity Analysis of the Water Column Model 142
Sensitivity Analyses 143
Duration of the Simulation 144
Sensitivities in Time 144
Phytoplankton 144
Zooplankton 146
Planktivorous Fish 149
Piscivorous Fish 149
Daily Sensitivity Analysis 153
Phytoplankton 153
Zooplankton 154
Planktivorous Fish 155
Piscivorous Fish 156
Analysis of Chloroparaffin Risk 157
Implications of Environmental Variability 159
Model Sensitivities and Risk 161
The Deterministic Solution 161
Annual Sensitivity Analyses 161
One Day Sensitivity Analyses 162
Environmental Variation and Risk Estimation 163
Summary 163
References I 1?
7 Comparisons of Predicted and Measured Effects
Introduction 169
Accuracy in Forecasting Toxic Effects 169
Pond Experiments 170
Pond Description 170
Toxic Chemicals and Exposure Concentrations 171
Measured Ecological Effects 172
Modeling the Toxic Effects of Phenols 172
Toxicity Data 172
Modification of the Water Column Model 173
Nature of the Comparisons 174
Direct Comparisons 174
Dissolved Ammonia Concentrations 174
Phytoplankton Productivity 178
Zooplankton Biomass 180
Mosquitofish 183
Pond Metabolism 183
Qualitative Comparisons With Pond Experiments 184
Relative Sensitivity to the WSF 185
Direct vs. Indirect Toxic Effects 185
Estimation of Safe Exposure Level 186
Application Factors 187
Prediction under Uncertainty 187
Summary and Conclusions 189
References 192
8 Conclusions and Future Directions
Introduction 193
An Integrated Fates and Effects Model for Risk 196
Description of the Model 197
Dose Response Functions in IFEM 200
Population Effects 203
Risks of Decreased Fish Production 204
Naphthalene Fate and Effects 205
Complex Chemical Mixtures and Risk 207
Ecological Recovery — A Complement to Risk 209
Bioassays, Microcosms, and Models 214
A Context for Ecological Risk 218
Future Directions 219
Comparisons of Risk Across Ecosystems 219
Scaling Up Ecological Risk Estimation 220
Real World Endpoints 221
Applications of Ecological Theory 223
Chaos 223
Alternative Stable States 224
Scale Considerations 224
Aggregation and Relevant Model Structure 225
Hierarchy Theory 227
Landscape Ecology 228
Future Innovations in Ecological Risk Estimation 229
References 232
Index 239
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:38:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0873711637 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Bartell, Steven M. Verfasser aut Ecological risk estimation Steven M. Bartell ; Robert H. Gardner ; Robert V. O'Neill Boca Raton u.a. Lewis 1992 252 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Toxicology and environmental health series Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Milieutoxicologie gtt Risicoanalyse gtt Risques écotoxicologiques ram Ecological risk assessment Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd rswk-swf Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 s Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 s DE-604 Gardner, Robert H. Verfasser aut O'Neill, Robert V. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003793915&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bartell, Steven M. Gardner, Robert H. O'Neill, Robert V. Ecological risk estimation Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Milieutoxicologie gtt Risicoanalyse gtt Risques écotoxicologiques ram Ecological risk assessment Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121813-9 (DE-588)4006340-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Ecological risk estimation |
| title_auth | Ecological risk estimation |
| title_exact_search | Ecological risk estimation |
| title_full | Ecological risk estimation Steven M. Bartell ; Robert H. Gardner ; Robert V. O'Neill |
| title_fullStr | Ecological risk estimation Steven M. Bartell ; Robert H. Gardner ; Robert V. O'Neill |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological risk estimation Steven M. Bartell ; Robert H. Gardner ; Robert V. O'Neill |
| title_short | Ecological risk estimation |
| title_sort | ecological risk estimation |
| topic | Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Milieutoxicologie gtt Risicoanalyse gtt Risques écotoxicologiques ram Ecological risk assessment Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environnement - Évaluation du risque Milieutoxicologie Risicoanalyse Risques écotoxicologiques Ecological risk assessment Umwelttoxikologie Bewertung Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003793915&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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