Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna: research and strategies for development
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boulder, Colo.
Westview Press
1982
|
| Ausgabe: | 5. print. |
| Schriftenreihe: | A Westview replica edition
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 275 S. |
| ISBN: | 0865319251 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna
Autor: Norman, David W
Jahr: 1982
Contents
LIST OF TABLES ......................xv
LIST OF FIGURES......................xvii
LIST OF MAPS ......................xix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................... xxi
LIST OF ACRONYMS......................xxi i i
1 INTRODUCTION: FARMING SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES..........................1
Rationale for a Micro-Orientation............................4
Evolution of Agricultural Research Priorities..............5
Going Back to Basics: Understanding the Farmers ..........6
Institutional History and Setting for Micro-Oriented
Research in Northern Nigeria ..............................7
Background................................................7
Determination of Research Priorities ......................8
The Socio-Economic Input to Agricultural Research..........8
Plan of the Book......................11
Notes............................13
2 THE FARMING SYSTEMS APPROACH TO RESEARCH ....................15
The Environment of the Farming Household ....................16
Goals and the Pivotal Role of the Fanning Household.....19
The Time Frame......................19
Multiple Goals......................20
Conventional Analyses Lack of Suitability ................21
Developing Suitable Technology: Farming Systems
Research..........................22
Farming Systems Research ..................................22
The descriptive and diagnostic stage ....................24
The design stage....................27
The testing stage....................28
The extension stage...................28
Requirements for a Suitable Technology ....................28
Implications of the Farming Systems Perspective in
the Development Process ....................................30
Scale...........................32
Multiple Objectives....................32
ix
... 33
Notes........................
. . 37
AGROECOLOGY OF THE NIGERIAN SAVANNA.............
40
Physical Factors ...................... -n
Climate............................
Water regime......................„
Temperatures ......................
Soils...........................
Biological Factors ..................... 7®
Growth Cycles of Crops .................. ^
Pests and Diseases of Crops................
Nutrition and Disease in Livestock ............
Implications of the Savanna Resource Base for
Production.........................
Farmers Strategies....................
The ridge system of cultivation.............£9
The ring system of cultivation.............50
Mixed cropping ..................... 51
Strategies of Agricultural Researchers .......... 55
Water..........................55
Soil fertility ...................
Plant characteristics................
Pest and disease reduction ............... 56
Persistent Yield Gap .................... 5/
Notes..........................
FARMING COMMUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
IN NORTHERN NIGERIA................
The People: Villages, Compounds, and Households .
Community Norms and Beliefs............
Cultural/Societal Norms and Work ........
Cultural/Societal Norms and Children ......
Cultural/Societal Norms and Conmunity Interations
Society in Transition...............
Changing Family Structure............
The Individual and the Community ........
Changing Roles of Family and Conmunity Labor . .
External Institutions...............
The Input Markets................
Fertilizer ..................
Seeds.....................
Credit ....................
Extension advice ...............
The Output Markets ...............
Types of private markets ...........
Transferring the produce ..... ......
Marketing functions and margins........
Intermarket and seasonal price relationships
55
56
60
Notes.
63
64
67
67
70
71
72
72
73
74
75
78
78
79
79
79
80
80
83
85
90
92
x i
5 FARMING SYSTEMS IN THREE ZARIA VILLAGES, NORTHERN
NIGERIA...........................93
Overview of Research: the Setting ..........................93
Village Selection.....................93
Study Sequence......................94
Sample Design and Survey Methods ..........................97
Chapter Outline......................98
The Technical Element....................99
Physical Factors ..........................................99
Biological Factors ........................................101
The Exogenous Influences ....................................102
Land Supply and Demand ....................................103
Community Status and the Degree of
Commercialization ........................................105
The Availability of Non-Family Labor ......................105
Access to Markets: Selling and Purchasing
Behavior.........................106
Exogenous Influences: a Sunmary ..........................108
The Endogenous Influences..................108
Household Size, Composition, and Organization.......109
The Household Labor Force and Household
Productivity.......................Ill
Responsibilities for work................Ill
The ability to work...................114
Resource use......................117
Farm-production demands for labor............118
Opportunities for off-farm work.............123
Incentives to work ......................................124
Household Wealth, Investments, and Other Assets......127
Inheritance, investments, and wealth ....................127
Acquiring skills and productivity............128
Endogenous Influences: a Summary.............129
The Crop Process......................129
Crops Grown........................129
Crop Choice........................131
Food needs.......................131
Diversity and cash-crop emphasis ........................133
Cultivated area.....................133
Crop Productivity.....................136
Sales, Gifts, and Purchases................140
Annual disposal patterns ................................140
Producers storage practices ............................143
The Livestock Process....................144
Cattle Ownership ..........................................145
Sales and Gifts......................147
The Off-Farm Employment Process...............147
Types of Off-Farm Opportunities..............148
Income Class and Off-Farm Work ............................150
Women and Off-Farm Work..................151
Occupational choice...................152
Independence ............................................153
Participation......................153
Domestic work competition................154
xi i
.... 154
Credit and gifts ................................^
Change in Zaria Farming Systems. . . ............ 156
Characteristics of Zaria Farming Systems • • •......
The Effect of Change Upon Household Productivity ^
and Welfare.......... • • • • • • ¦ .......icq
Implications for Promoting Agricultural Change ...... ^
Notes............................
DIVERSITY AND THE CONTEXT FOR CHANGE IN
FARMING SYSTEMS.......................
The Diversifying Influence of the Technical Element .... 166
Combination of Processes .................169
Impact on Labor......................
Impact of the Human Element.................
Community Norms and Beliefs.................17?
The Village in a Traditional Setting ...........
The Winds of Change....................
Village leadership ...................
Families........................176
External Institutions..........................
Export Cash Crop Bias of Support Systems.........J
Levels of technology for food and cash crops......
Changes in capital, credit, and cash ..........
Economics of animal traction ..............
Integrated Agricultural Development Projects .......
Resource Ratios.......................
Labor Bottlenecks.....................1™
Implementation ..................... 1°;
Maintenance.......................
Utilization.......................1°^
Land Constraint......................
Farm size decrease...................
Ecological instability ................. 1°°
Field fragmentation...................18°
Combating Increasing Population Densities:
Farmers Strategies ................... 187
Distributional Issues....................I89
Changes at the Village Level ............... 189
Composition and Distribution of Income .......... 190
Implications ....................... 192
Level of consumption..................193
Exploitive relationships ................ 194
Technical efficiency .................. 196
Implications for Constructive Change ............ 196
Notes............................198
7 IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY: ASSESSING SUITABILITY BY
USING A FARMING SYSTEMS APPROACH .............. 203
Testing Improved Technologies................204
Package Requirements...................205
Setting up the Tests.............................. . 205
Evaluating the Packages..........209
xi i i
Technical feasibility..................210
Compatibility with exogenous factors .......... 212
Compatibility with endogenous factors..........214
Lessons from Experience..................217
Interdisciplinary cooperation at the farm level.....217
Central role of the farming family...........218
Emphasis on the testing stage..............219
Dynamic and iterative nature of the research
process........................219
Fallback strategies and the research-extension
interface.......................219
Testing Different Support-System Designs .......... 220
Incorporating On-Farm Testing in the Farming Systems
Research Approach ..................... 221
Locating a Farming Systems Approach to Research
Program..........................223
Improved Technologies and Support Systems..........225
Notes............................230
8 PROMOTING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ............. 233
Indirect Strategies: Exploiting Unused Resources......234
Direct Strategies: Targeting New Resources ................236
Farming Systems Research ..................................237
The descriptive and diagnostic stage ....................237
The design stage....................239
Testing.........................239
Extension........................240
Credibility and efficiency ..............................240
The Farming Systems Perspective..............241
Implications for Policy in Nigeria ..........................243
Notes............................245
References...........................247
Author Index .......................... 267
Subject Index..........................271
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| id | DE-604.BV006019312 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:38:45Z |
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| spelling | Norman, David W. Verfasser aut Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development David W. Norman, Emmy B. Simmons, and Henry M. Hays 5. print. Boulder, Colo. Westview Press 1982 XXIV, 275 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Westview replica edition Landwirtschaft Agricultural systems Nigeria Agriculture and state Nigeria Agriculture Research Nigeria Savannas Nigeria Savanne (DE-588)4130737-9 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Nigeria (DE-588)4042300-1 gnd rswk-swf Nigeria (DE-588)4042300-1 g Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Savanne (DE-588)4130737-9 s DE-604 Simmons, Emmy Bartz Verfasser aut Hays, Henry M. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003786559&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Norman, David W. Simmons, Emmy Bartz Hays, Henry M. Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development Landwirtschaft Agricultural systems Nigeria Agriculture and state Nigeria Agriculture Research Nigeria Savannas Nigeria Savanne (DE-588)4130737-9 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130737-9 (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4042300-1 |
| title | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development |
| title_auth | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development |
| title_exact_search | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development |
| title_full | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development David W. Norman, Emmy B. Simmons, and Henry M. Hays |
| title_fullStr | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development David W. Norman, Emmy B. Simmons, and Henry M. Hays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna research and strategies for development David W. Norman, Emmy B. Simmons, and Henry M. Hays |
| title_short | Farming systems in the Nigerian savanna |
| title_sort | farming systems in the nigerian savanna research and strategies for development |
| title_sub | research and strategies for development |
| topic | Landwirtschaft Agricultural systems Nigeria Agriculture and state Nigeria Agriculture Research Nigeria Savannas Nigeria Savanne (DE-588)4130737-9 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Landwirtschaft Agricultural systems Nigeria Agriculture and state Nigeria Agriculture Research Nigeria Savannas Nigeria Savanne Nigeria |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003786559&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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