The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade: prospects for reform
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Paris
OECD
1991
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Le système agro-alimentaire soviétique et les échanges agricoles |
| Beschreibung: | 223 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9264136029 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120137737961472 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15
Chapter I. THE PLACE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE OVERALL ECONOMY 19
Chapter II. ECONOMIC AND POLICY REVIEW 23
A. Recession and faltering reform 23
B. Major policy measures and debates 24
1. Gosagroprom 24
2. The 27th Party Congress and the Decree of March 1986 25
3. From March 1986 to March 1989 26
4. Legislation and debates in 1989/90 27
5. Sub contracting and internal lease within kolkhozes and sovkhozes 29
6. Economic reform today — What sort? 31
C. Land reform developments since 1989 32
1. New land law 32
2. Presidential decree of land reform 33
3. Republican land reform proposals 34
D. A changing role for the private sector 35
1. The place of new private peasant farms 36
2. The classic plot production 37
3. Limitations to growth 40
4. Integration of the private sector 41
5. Summing up: little contribution to overall growth 42
Notes and References 44
Chapter III. THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IN SOVIET AGRICULTURE 47
A. Farms and the state budget 47
B. The role of government policy 51
C. Policy changes since 1990 54
1. Credit policies 54
2. Procurement prices 55
3. Retail prices 55
Notes and References 57
Chapter IV. THE MAIN PRODUCTIVE FACTORS 59
A. Land and its declining fertility 59
1. Land use patterns 59
7
2. Soil fertility problems 61
3. Summarising discussion 71
B. Investment and current capital inputs 72
1. Investment policy 72
2. Investment in livestock production 75
3. Investment in rural infrastructure 76
4. Mechanisation and machinery supply 77
5. Fertilisers 82
6. Plant protection products 86
7. Outlook 88
8. Irrigation and drainage 89
C. Labour 92
Notes and References 98
Chapter V. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 99
A. The major crops 99
1. Grain 99
2. Oil crops 107
3. Sugarbeet 110
4. Potatoes 112
5. Fibre crops 115
B. Animal production 117
1. Stocks and output 117
2. Animal breeding 122
3. The feed base 123
4. Outlook 135
Notes and References 138
Chapter VI. THE DOWNSTREAM LINKS 139
A. The meaning of downstream in the Soviet context 139
B. Transport 140
1. Road transport 140
2. Railway and inland waterway transport 143
C. Storage 145
1. Grain storage 145
2. Storage facilities for potatoes, vegetables, melons and fruit 147
3. Storage facilities for animal feed 148
D. The Food Industry 148
1. Introduction: Problems with the quality and variety of processed foods 148
2. Importance to the economy as a whole and position
in the agro industrial complex 149
3. The weakest link in the Soviet food chain 151
4. Four of the main branch industries 154
5. Eight year plan for the modernisation of the food industry 157
6. Some specifics of the Soviet food industry 160
Notes and References 164
Appendix: The extent of losses in the Soviet agro food sector: an overview 165
8
Chapter VII. FOOD CONSUMPTION 167
A. All Union and regional consumption patterns 167
1. Structures and trends of actual food intake 167
2. Potential future consumption 169
B. A decade of changes in food consumption 174
1. Situation and policy 174
2. Changes in consumption patterns 175
3. Outloook 178
Notes and References 180
Chapter VIII. SOVIET AGRICULTURAL TRADE 181
A. Trade in agricultural and food commodities 181
1. Agricultural policies and food self sufficiency 181
2. A start on trade reform 182
3. Ability to finance agricultural imports 185
4. The import commodity mix 191
5. Recent trade patterns in selected commodities 191
B. The potential impact of market reform on agricultural trade 198
1. Modelling the estimated impact 198
2. Foreign trade prospects during the early phases of reform 204
3. Agricultural imports from the West 205
4. Conclusions 207
C. East/West trade in agricultural inputs, machinery
and equipment for agriculture and the food processing industry 208
1. Introduction 208
2. Statistical basis 210
3. Systemic restrictions to trade 219
4. Summarising remarks on trade in agricultural inputs 220
Notes and References 222
List of Tables
1. The importance of agro food trade in overall Soviet foreign trade, 1984 1989 20
2. The Soviet Agro industrial complex (APK) and its constituent parts in 1988
(excluding forestry) 21
3. Value of private plot output 1975 88 38
4. Main products of the private plot sector 39
5. Debt outstanding: Total including farm and interfarm enterprises
and collective farms, end of year 48
6. Gross payments to the agro industrial complex from the state budget 49
7. Payments to State and Collective farms for agricultural sales 49
8. Farm profits 50
9. Payments to the State budget from the agro industrial complex 50
10. Net payments from the state budget to the agro industrial complex 51
11. Gross farm income and labour remuneration fund per worker by farm profitability
Collective farms, 1984 52
12. The share of gross income allocated to investment funds, and gross income
and wage payments per labour day: collective farms 1984 52
9
13. Fixed assets, investment, and gross output in agriculture in the Ukraine
and the Non Black Soil zone of the RSFSR, 1985 87 53
13a. Maximum retail prices for Soviet food products before and after price reform 56
14. Agricultural land use in the USSR 59
15. Humus content and arable soils (per cent) in Kazahstan 63
16. Breakdown of Soviet agricultural land according to phosphorus
and potassium content (percentage of total area, 1986) 64
17. Weight data for tractors and tracked vehicles and the pressure exerted on the soil .. 67
18. Crop yields (q/ha) after differing degrees of soil compaction
(average for the years 1979 1981) 67
19. Humus loss and yield reduction according to the degree of soil erosion (per cent) .. 70
20. Capital investment in Soviet agriculture, comparable prices 74
21. Breakdown of agricultural investment of state and collective farms 74
22. Capital investment of state and collective farms in animal husbandry 75
23. Degree of mechanisation of major operations in livestock farming
(percentage of livestock stands), excluding private farming 76
24. Seasonal performance of harvesting machines (ha/machine) and degree
of mechanisation (percentage of harvested area) excluding private farming 79
25. Tractor deliveries and stocks 80
26. Production, deliveries and stocks of important agricultural machines 81
27. Trucks and truck capacities on farms 81
28. Mineral fertilizer production and deliveries to agriculture 83
29. Mineral fertilizer application in Soviet agriculture 84
30. Fertilizer applications for non grain crops 84
31. Production, import and use of plant protection products in the Soviet Union 87
32. Irrigated areas and planned irrigation measures in the Soviet Union
and in the individual republics 90
33. Drained areas and planned drainage measures in the Soviet Union
and in the individual republics 91
34. Labour in Soviet agriculture, 1970 1988 95
35. Increases in labour productivity in the social sector of agriculture 96
36. Soviet grain production: plan targets and actual results 100
37. Grain: area, production and yield 100
38. Grain harvests, gross and net 101
39. Average yields of selected grain crops 103
40. Oil crops: area, production and yield 108
41. Sugar content of beet 110
42. Sugarbeet area, production and yield, beet sugar production 111
43. Potatoes: area, yield, production and consumption 113
44. Cotton: area, production and yield 116
45. Flax: area, production and yield 116
46. Hemp: area, production and yield 117
47. Annual changes in livestock inventories and production 119
48. Trends in animal stocks (all classes of farms) 120
49. Livestock performance and liveweight of slaughter animals 124
50. Trends in feeding efficiency 125
51. Trends in feed supplies, animal production, and animal performance 126
52. Concentrate and protein feed consumption 127
53. Yields of main feed crops 129
10
54. Development of area under main feed crops 131
55. Production of main crops relevant for animal feed 132
56. Plan fulfilment in feed consumption and animal production to 1990,
and estimates for 1995 and 2000 136
57. Transport of selected agricultural products 142
58. Structure of the Soviet food industry (1988) 150
59. Direct consumption and industrial processing of agricultural products
(percentage of gross agricultural production) 151
60. Production of industrially processed basic foodstuffs in the Soviet Union 152
61. Trend in meat industry production 154
62. Trend in dairy industry production 155
63. Potato products 156
64. Planned capacity extension in selected branches of the Soviet
food industry (1988 95) 159
65. Overview of the losses of agricultural products according to Soviet statements 165
66. Per capita consumption of selected foodstuffs 168
67. Estimated trend in the consumption of selected foodstuffs to 2000 170
68. Per capita food consumption in selected republics 171
69. Average food prices in state, cooperative and kolkhoz free market retail
trade outlets 173
70. Recommended per capita food consumption in selected republics 173
71. USSR food consumption patterns 176
72. USSR per capita consumption of major food items (FAO balance sheets) 178
73. Food consumption patterns in the USSR and developed market economies
(1986 88) (FAO balance sheets) 179
74. USSR foreign trade by country group and Soviet ruble/dollar exchange rate 183
75. USSR agricultural imports by value, calendar years 187
76. Principal USSR agricultural imports, by volume, calendar years 189
77. USSR grain imports and exports 192
78. USSR meat imports, exports and consumption 193
79. USSR foreign trade in dairy products 194
80. USSR edible fats and oils and oilmeal proteins imports 195
81. USSR sugar imports and exports, 1985 87, 1988 and 1990 197
82. USSR cotton trade 198
83. Calculated Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents for the USSR, 1986 200
84. Soviet purchases, from all sources, of agricultural inputs, 1980 1989,
total and sub groups 212
85. Soviet exports of agricultural inputs, 1980 1989, total and sub groups 0 213
86. Soviet purchases of agricultural inputs, 1989, by country groups and sub groups ... 214
87. Soviet imports of agricultural inputs from the CMEA Six,
by countries and sub groups, 1989 214
88. Soviet exports of agricultural inputs, 1989, by country groups and sub groups 215
89. Soviet exports of agricultural inputs to the CMEA Six; breakdown by countries
and commodity sub groups, 1989 215
90. OECD exports to the USSR and the CMEA Six of agricultural inputs,
1980 and 1987 1989, total and sub groups 216
91. OECD imports from the USSR and the CMEA Six of agricultural inputs,
1980 and 1987 1989, total and sub groups 217
92. OECD exports to the USSR and the CMEA Six of agricultural inputs, 1989,
US$mn, by countries and sub groups 218
11
93. OECD imports from the USSR and the CMEA Six of agricultural inputs, 1989,
US$mn, by countries and sub groups 218
List of Figures
1. Pre reform situation 201
2. Post reform situation (without foreign trade) 202
3. Post reform situation (with foreign trade) 203
List of Maps
1. The Soviet Union — Republics and within the Ukrainian and Russian Republics
the Economical Regions 13
2. Soils 60
12
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| geographic | Sowjetunion Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV005943662 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:37:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)5157-3 |
| isbn | 9264136029 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003725002 |
| oclc_num | 73389136 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1029 DE-739 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-706 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1029 DE-739 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-706 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 223 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1991 |
| publishDateSearch | 1991 |
| publishDateSort | 1991 |
| publisher | OECD |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Paris OECD 1991 223 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Le système agro-alimentaire soviétique et les échanges agricoles Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft Agriculture and state -- Soviet Union Produce trade -- Soviet Union Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Soviet Union Prognose (DE-588)4047390-9 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd rswk-swf Agrarhandel (DE-588)4139126-3 gnd rswk-swf Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Agrarmarkt (DE-588)4000767-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 b Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 s Agrarmarkt (DE-588)4000767-4 s DE-604 Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Agrarhandel (DE-588)4139126-3 s Prognose (DE-588)4047390-9 s Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 s OECD Sonstige (DE-588)5157-3 oth Parallele Sprachausgabe französisch Le système agro-alimentaire soviétique et les échangesagricoles HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003725002&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Landwirtschaft Agriculture and state -- Soviet Union Produce trade -- Soviet Union Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Soviet Union Prognose (DE-588)4047390-9 gnd Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd Agrarhandel (DE-588)4139126-3 gnd Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Agrarmarkt (DE-588)4000767-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2128486-6 (DE-588)4047390-9 (DE-588)4124852-1 (DE-588)4139126-3 (DE-588)4000771-6 (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4000767-4 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform |
| title_auth | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform |
| title_exact_search | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform |
| title_full | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_fullStr | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| title_short | The Soviet agro-food system and agricultural trade |
| title_sort | the soviet agro food system and agricultural trade prospects for reform |
| title_sub | prospects for reform |
| topic | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Landwirtschaft Agriculture and state -- Soviet Union Produce trade -- Soviet Union Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Soviet Union Prognose (DE-588)4047390-9 gnd Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd Agrarhandel (DE-588)4139126-3 gnd Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Agrarmarkt (DE-588)4000767-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Landwirtschaft Agriculture and state -- Soviet Union Produce trade -- Soviet Union Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Soviet Union Prognose Ernährungswirtschaft Agrarhandel Agrarpolitik Agrarmarkt Sowjetunion Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003725002&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oecd thesovietagrofoodsystemandagriculturaltradeprospectsforreform |