Mixing in the process industries:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford u.a.
Butterworth Heinemann
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | 414 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0750611103 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mixing in the process industries |c eds.: N. Harnby ... |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford u.a. |b Butterworth Heinemann |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a 414 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Mélange |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mixing | |
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| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Mischen |0 (DE-588)4120742-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Harnby, N. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003701781 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120102106300416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
List ofcontributors xii
1. Introduction to mixing problems 1
A. W. Nienow, N. Hamby and M. F. Edwards
1.1 Range of problems 2
1.1.1 Problem identification and philosophy 2
1.1.2 Single phase liquid mixing 2
1.1.3 Liquid liquid (immiscible) mixing 3
1.1.4 Solid liquid mixing 3
1.1.5 Gas liquid mixing 4
1.1.6 Three phase contacting 4
1.1.7 Solids mixing 4
1.1.8 Heattransfer 5
1.1.9 Overmixing 5
1.2 Mixing mechanisms 5
1.2.1 Liquid mixing 5
1.2.2 Solids mixing 10
1.3 Assessment of mixture quality 16
1.4 Rheology 18
Notation 22
References 23
2. Characterization of powder mixtures 25
N. Hamby
2.1 A qualitative approach 25
2.2 A quantitative approach 26
2.2.1 Powder sampling 27
2.2.2 Limiting variance values 28
2.2.3 Statistical inference 30
2.3 A typical mixture analysis 33
2.4 Non ideal mixtures 40
References 41
3. The selection of powder mixers 42
N. Harnby
3.1 The range of mixers available 42
3.1.1 Tumbler mixers 42
3.1.2 Convective mixers 42
3.1.3 High shear mixers 47
3.1.4 Fluidized mixers 48
3.1.5 Hopper mixers 51
3.1.6 Multi purpose mixers 52
3.2 Selection based on process requirements 52
3.3 Selection based on mixture quality 54
3.4 Selection based on mixing costs 59
3.5 Selection decision chart 61
References 61
4. Mixing in fluidized beds 62
D. Geldart
4.1 Introduction 62
4.2 Fundamentals of fluidization 63
4.2.1 Minimum fluidization 63
4.2.2 Types of fluidization 64
4.2.3 The role of bubbles 67
4.3 Types of mixing problems 68
4.4 Mixing in non segregating systems 69
4.4.1 Background theory 69
4.4.2 Turnover times 71
4.4.3 Residence time distributions 71
4.5 Mixing in segregating systems 73
4.5.1 Mixing criteria 73
4.5.2 Powders containing particles of equal density but
variable size 74
4.5.3 Powders containing species of differing densities and
sizes 75
4.6 Concluding remarks 76
Notation 77
References 78
5. The mixing of cohesive powders 79
N. Harnby
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Interparticulate forces 82
5.2.1 Bonding due to moisture 82
5.2.2 Electrostatic bonding 88
5.2.3 Van der Waals force bonding 89
5.2.4 Interaction of the bonding forces 91
5.3 Selection of mixer 94
5.4 Mixture quality for cohesive systems 95
References 98
6. The dispersion of fine particles in liquid media 99
G. D. ParfittandH. A. Barnes
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Stages in the dispersion process 100
6.2.1 Incorporation 100
6.2.2 Wetting 102
6.2.3 Breakdown of agglomerates and aggregates 106
6.2.4 Stability to flocculation or colloidal stability 107
6.3 Other considerations 115
References 116
7. A review of liquid mixing equipment 118
M. F. Edwards and M. R. Baker
7.1 Introduction 118
7.2 Mechanically agitated vessels 119
7.2.1 Vessels 119
7.2.2 Baffles 120
7.2.3 Impellers 120
7.3 Jet mixers 125
7.4 In line static mixers 126
7.5 In line dynamic mixers 127
7.6 Mills 128
7.7 High speed dispersing units 128
7.8 Valve homogenizers 130
7.9 Ultrasonic homogenizers 130
7.10 Extruders 132
7.11 Equipment selection 136
References 136
8. Mixing of liquids in stirred tanks 137
M. F. Edwards, M. R. Baker and J. C. Godfrey
8.1 Introduction 137
8.2 Power input 137
8.2.1 Newtonian liquids 137
8.2.2 Non Newtonian liquids 140
8.3 Flow patterns 145
8.4 Flow rate head concepts 147
8.5 Turbulence measurements 148
8.6 Mixing time 149
8.6.1 Newtonian liquids 151
8.6.2 Non Newtonian liquids 154
8.7 Mixing efficiency 155
Notation 156
References 157
9. Jet mixing 159
B. K. Revill
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 Fluid dynamics of turbulent jets 161
9.3 Jet mixing in tanks 163
9.3.1 Measurement of mixing time 163
9.3.2 Fluid dynamics of jet mixed tanks 164
9.3.3 Theoretical prediction of batch mixing time 165
9.3.4 Experimental correlations for jet mixing time 166
9.3.5 Recommended jet/tank geometry 170
9.3.6 Stratification 172
9.3.7 Liquid level variation 174
9.3.8 Continuous mixing 174
9.3.9 Design procedure 174
9.3.10 When to use jet mixed tanks 175
9.4 Jet mixing in tubes 177
9.4.1 Design basis 177
9.4.2 Coaxial jet mixer design 178
9.4.3 Side entry jet mixer design 180
9.4.4 Use of tubular jet mixers 180
Notation 181
References 182
10. Mixing in single phase chemical reactors 184
/. R. Bourne
10.1 Introduction 184
10.2 Mechanisms of mixing 184
10.2.1 Convective, distributive mixing of a single feed
stream 185
10.2.2 Diffusive mixing 188
10.2.3 Approximate method 189
10.2.4 More accurate methods 190
Notation 196
References 198
11. Laminar flow and distributive mixing 200
M. F. Edwards
11.1 Introduction 200
11.2 Laminar shear 202
11.3 Elongational (or extensional) laminar flow 210
11.4 Distributive mixing 214
11.5 Dispersive mixing in laminar flows 216
11.6 Applications to blending and dispersing equipment 217
11.7 Assessment of mixture quality 222
Notation 223
References 224
13.7 Seals, gearboxes and impellers 272
13.7.1 Seals 272
13.7.2 Gearboxes 275
13.7.3 Impellers 278
13.8 Economic considerations 279
13.8.1 Introduction 279
13.8.2 Remedial losses 279
13.8.3 Marketing losses 280
13.8.4 Examples 280
13.9 Overall conclusions 283
Notation 283
References 285
Appendix 13.1 Worked examples 286
14. Dynamics of emulsification 294
D. C. Peters
14.1 Introduction 294
14.2 Rheology and stability 295
14.3 Droplet formation 300
14.3.1 Deformation and breakup in steady flows 301
14.3.2 Dynamic effects 306
14.3.3 Turbulence 306
14.4 Implications for process design 309
14.4.1 Batch processing 309
14.4.2 Continuous processing 311
Notation 311
References 313
Appendix 14.1: Numerical example of process design 315
Appendix 14.2: A procedure for scaling up or down non Newtonian
processes 318
15. Gas liquid dispersion and mixing 322
J. C. Middleton
15.1 I ntroduction classification of gas liquid mixing problems 322
15.2 Types and configurations of turbulent gas liquid stirred
vessels 326
15.3 A design basis for gas liquid agitated vessels 330
15.4 Power consumption 331
15.5 Bubble size and coalescence 341
15.6 Gas hold up fraction 342
15.7 Concentration driving force 343
15.7.1 Liquid mixing 343
15.7.2 Gas mixing 343
15.8 Gas liquid mass transfer 346
15.9 Heat transfer 349
15.10 Gas liquid mixers as reactors 349
15.10.1 Theory of mass transfer with reaction 350
15.10.2 Locale of diffusion limitation 351
15.10.3 Mixing mode and reaction 352
15.10.4 Scale of mixing 353
15.10.5 Experimental work for classification of reaction
regimes 354
15.10.6 Gas liquid reactor modelling 355
15.11 Example of scale up 357
Notation 360
References 361
16. The suspension of solid particles 364
A. W. Nienow
16.1 Introduction 364
16.2 Definitions of states of suspension and distribution 364
16.2.1 Just complete suspension 364
16.2.2 Homogeneous suspension 365
16.2.3 Bottom or corner fillets 365
16.2.4 Dispersion of floating solids 365
16.3 Power consumption in systems with suspended particles 365
16.4 Mechanisms and models of particle suspension and
distribution 366
16.4.1 Particle suspension 366
16.4.2 Solids distribution 368
16.5 Experimental measurement of particle suspension and
distribution 369
16.5.1 Particle distribution 369
16.5.2 Just complete suspension speed, jVjs 369
16.6 Experimental results and correlations for N]S 370
16.6.1 Introduction 370
16.6.2 Correlations for N,s 372
16.6.3 Particle and fluid properties 373
16.6.4 Solid concentration 373
16.6.5 Standard geometry 374
16.6.6 Other geometries 379
16.6.7 Scale up 380
16.7 Selection of geometry and the scale up rule for (eT).,s 381
16.8 Solids distribution and withdrawal 382
16.8.1 Assessment of solids distribution and scale up 382
16.8.2 Solid withdrawal 384
16.9 Three phase systems 386
16.10 The ingestion and dispersion of floating solids 388
16.11 Conclusions 390
Notation 390
References 392
12. Static mixers 225
J. C. Godfrey
12.1 Introduction 225
12.1.1 Mixer types 226
12.2 Laminar mixing 227
12.2.1 Mixing indices 232
12.2.2 Mixing rate 234
12.2.3 Energy and efficiency 238
12.3 Turbulent mixing 242
12.3.1 Mixing rate 243
12.3.2 Energy requirements 245
12.3.3 Applications 245
12.4 Conclusions 246
Notation 247
References 248
13. Mechanical aspects of mixing 250
R. King
13.1 Introduction 250
13.2 The production of steady forces on an agitator and transmission
of power 251
13.2.1 Steady forces on an agitator 251
13.2.2 Transmission of power by an agitator shaft 254
13.3 The EEUA method of shaft sizing 254
13.3.1 Introduction 254
13.3.2 Combined torsion and bending 256
13.3.3 Stress analysis 258
13.4 Fluctuating forces and vibrations 259
13.4.1 Resonance 259
13.4.2 Vibrations 259
13.4.3 Response to forcing 261
13.4.4 Fluctuating loads on an agitator shaft 262
13.4.5 Whirling of the agitator shaft 264
13.5 Shaft design to accommodate fluctuating loads the FMP
approach 265
13.5.1 Introduction 265
13.5.2 Sizing the shaft 266
13.5.3 Stress analysis 267
13.6 Fatigue analysis 268
13.6.1 Introduction 268
13.6.2 Bending only 268
13.6.3 Combined bending and torsion 269
13.6.4 Checking the safety of the design for fatigue 271
13.6.5 The importance of a fatigue check 272
17. The mixer as a reactor: liquid/solid systems 394
A. W. Nienow
17.1 Reactor types 394
17.2 Reaction rates 395
17.3 Mass transfer 398
17.3.1 Measurement of mass transfer coefficient, k 398
17.3.2 The relationship between k and impeller speed
N 399
17.3.3 kK at /VJS and as a function of (eT)JS 400
17.3.4 Prediction of the bulk diffusion mass transfer
coefficient, k 402
17.3.5 The dissolution time when Sh = 2 406
17.4 The use of the slip velocity equation 406
17.5 Particle impacts and abrasion 407
17.6 Conclusions 409
Notation 409
References 410
Index 412
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:36:45Z |
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| isbn | 0750611103 |
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| spelling | Mixing in the process industries eds.: N. Harnby ... 2. ed. Oxford u.a. Butterworth Heinemann 1992 414 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Mélange ram Mixing Mischen (DE-588)4120742-7 gnd rswk-swf Mischen (DE-588)4120742-7 s DE-604 Harnby, N. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003701781&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mixing in the process industries Mélange ram Mixing Mischen (DE-588)4120742-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120742-7 |
| title | Mixing in the process industries |
| title_auth | Mixing in the process industries |
| title_exact_search | Mixing in the process industries |
| title_full | Mixing in the process industries eds.: N. Harnby ... |
| title_fullStr | Mixing in the process industries eds.: N. Harnby ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixing in the process industries eds.: N. Harnby ... |
| title_short | Mixing in the process industries |
| title_sort | mixing in the process industries |
| topic | Mélange ram Mixing Mischen (DE-588)4120742-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mélange Mixing Mischen |
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