Volcanology and geothermal energy:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berkeley [u.a.]
Univ. of California Press
1992
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences
12 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 432 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0520079140 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Volcanology and geothermal energy |c Kenneth Wohletz ; Grant Heiken |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berkeley [u.a.] |b Univ. of California Press |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 432 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences |v 12 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Volcanology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804120068061134848 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
APPLICATION OF VOLCANOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS TO GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION 2
Step 1. Evaluation of Available Information About the Area to be Studied 3
Step 2. Field and Laboratory Investigations 4
Step 3. Detailed Field and Laboratory Studies: Geology and Volcanology 4
Basic Approach 5
CHAPTER 1. RECENT PRACTICAL ADVANCES IN VOLCANOLOGY 7
Quantitative methodology and Volcanology 8
Statistical Methods 8
Physical Processes 9
Chemical Processes 10
Magma Generation, Accumulation and Differentiation
in Chambers, and Eruptions 11
Tectonic Setting and Origin of Magmas 11
Magma Chambers 13
Explosive Eruptions and Quantitative Models 18
Pyroclastic Fallout 21
Pyroclastic Flows 22
Pyroclastic Surge 24
HYDROVOLCANISM 26
Environments of Hydrovolcanism 30
Nature of Hydrovolcanic Phenomena 30
Hydrovolcanic Products 33
Hydrovolcanic Cycles and Geothermal Energy 33
CHAPTER 2. PYROCLASTIC ROCKS AS A TOOL TO EVALUATE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS 39
Explosive Eruptions and Geothermal Energy Sources 40
Subsurface Thermal Energy Estimates 42
Pyroclastic Rock Volumes 45
Heat-Flow Calculation 46
Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy 50
Water/Magma (Hydrovolcanic) Interaction: Field and Laboratory Aspects 50
Basic Concept 52
Wet and Dry Faciès Relationships 54
Polygenetic Volcanoes and Calderas 57
Petrography of Hydrovolcanic Tephra Constituents 62
Experimental and Theoretical aspects of Hydrovolcanism 69
Results from Experiments 69
Predictions Based on Theory 74
vii
Geothermal Importance of hydrovolcanism 82
Tephra Stratigraphy: Geometry and Depth of Reservoir Rocks 83
Lithic Ejecta: An Important Geothermal Prospecting Tool 89
Volcanic Hydrofractures 95
Theoretical Background 97
Size of Hydraulic Fractures 105
Field Examples m
Summary: Volcanological Interpretation 112
CHAPTER 3. SURFACE MANIFESTATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS 119
Hot Springs and Geysers 12°
Siliceous Sinter Deposits 121
Single-Stage or Primary Sinters 121
Multiple-Stage Sinters 122
Form and Extent of Siliceous Sinter Deposits 122
Travertine 123
Older Spring Deposits 125
hydrothermal (phreatic) craters and deposits 125
Hydrothermal alteration 129
Characterization and Interpretation 130
Mapping Alteration Mineralogy 135
CHAPTER 4. CALDERAS AND THEIR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS l4l
Intrusion 142
Eruption Processes That lead to Caldera Collapse 146
volcanism, structural deformation, and sedimentation following
Caldera Collapse 150
Caldera Structure and Shape 156
Geothermal Systems in Calderas 159
Latium volcanoes of Italy 161
Latera Volcanic Complex l6l
Baccano Caldera l63
The Phlegrean fields in Italy 166
Taupo volcanic Zone in New Zealand 170
Geologic Setting 170
Maroa Volcanic Center and Wairakei Geothermal Field 171
CHAPTERS. SILICIC DOMES: HEAT FLOW AROUND SMALL, EVOLVED
MAGMA BODIES 177
Silicic Domes and Extrusion of viscous lava 178
Common Geologic Settings 178
Evolution and Internal Structure 178
Tephra Deposits associated with Silicic Domes 180
Initial Plinian and Phreatomagmatic Eruptions 182
Vulcanian Eruptive Cycles 183
via
Peléean and Merapian Dome Destruction 185
Phreatic Eruptions 185
Hydrothermal Systems Associated with Domes 187
Role of Water in Dome Eruptions 187
Geothermal Systems Models 188
Structural Influences 192
Coso California Geothermal Field 194
Geologic Setting 194
Hydrogeochemistry 200
Geophysical Character 201
Volcanological Interpretations 204
usu Volcano in Japan 205
Geology 207
Geophysical Properties 208
Hydrogeochemistry 208
Terre Blanche-Belfond in St. Lucia 213
Geology 213
Geophysical Properties 216
Hydrogeochemistry 216
Volcanological Interpretations 218
CHAPTER 6. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH BASALTIC VOLCANOES 225
Scoria Cones and Tuff Rings 226
Shield Volcanoes 230
lava Lakes and magma energy—Resources for the future 231
Kilauea Volcano and kapoho Geothermal Area of Hawaii 231
Migration of Magma and Evaluation of Thermal Sources 234
Hydrothermal Systems at Kilauea Caldera and Along Its East Rift Zone 239
Three Geothermal Systems in Iceland: Krafla, Surtsey, and Heimaey Volcanoes 246
Migration of Magma and Dike Formation 248
Hydrothermal Reservoirs 250
Geothermal Potential of Several Small Basaltic Islands 252
RÉUNION ISLAND IN THE INDIAN OCEAN 255
CHAPTER 7. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN MATURING COMPOSITE CONES 26l
Distributions, volumes, and Compositions 262
Distribution of Composite Cones in Volcanic Arcs 262
Volcanic Eruption Rates and Relative Volumes for Magma Types in
Composite Cones of Volcanic Arcs 265
Inferred Intrusive Volumes and Their Depths Below Composite Cones 268
Eruption Phenomena and Deposits at Composite Cones 268
Immature Stage 269
Submature Stage 273
Maaire Stage 275
ix
Models of Composite Cones 279
Models Based on Mapping and Mining of Porphyry Copper Deposits in
Deeply Eroded Composite Cones 279
Well-Mapped Examples of Eroded Composite Cones 281
A Facies Model 284
A Model Based on Heat Flow Measurements 284
Composite Cone Geothermal Systems 284
Proven (Drilled) Geothermal Fields 285
Composite Cones with Possible Geothermal Potential—As Yet Unproven
by Deep Drilling 290
Discussion 292
APPENDIX A: HELD METHODS IN VOLCANIC REGIONS 295
PREPARATION FOR FIELD WORK 295
Definition of the Problem 295
Library Research 296
Collecting Geographic Materials 296
ESTABLISHING THE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF A VOLCANIC FIELD 297
Approach 300
Volcanic Rock Units 302
Characteristics of Pyroclastic and Epiclastic Rocks 303
Lava Flows and Domes 306
Correlation of Volcanic Rock Units 309
LlTHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE - 309
Lava Samples 310
Pyroclastic Samples 312
Structural Analysis 321
The Map 322
Scale and Graphic Detail 325
Thematic Mapping 326
Cross Sections 329
Three-Dimensional Model from Maps, Cross Sections, and Drillhole Data 333
Recommendations and Justification for Drilling 334
APPENDIX B: VOLCANIC ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS AND DATA 337
Classification Methods 337
Chemical Classification 337
Textural Classification 338
Density 339
Porosity and Permeability 340
Geophysical Properties 342
APPENDIX C: NOTATION 347
APPENDIX D: CONVERSION FACTORS, STEAM PROPERTIES, AND CONVERSION OF
GEOTHERMAL HEAT TO ELECTRICITY 353
Conversion Factors 353
Thermodynamic Properties of Steam 353
Conversion of Geothermal Heat to Electricity 354
APPENDKE: HEAT FLOW (TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION CODE) 36l
Source Code Listing 362
APPENDKF: CORES AND DRILL CUTTINGS: GEOTHERMAL WELL LOGS 369
Cores 369
Drill Cuttings 370
Geothermal Well Logs 371
APPENDKG: GLOSSARY 373
REFERENCES 385
INDEX 415
xi
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:36:12Z |
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| isbn | 0520079140 |
| language | English |
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| series2 | Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences |
| spelling | Wohletz, Kenneth Verfasser aut Volcanology and geothermal energy Kenneth Wohletz ; Grant Heiken Berkeley [u.a.] Univ. of California Press 1992 XIV, 432 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences 12 Geothermal resources Volcanology Vulkanologie (DE-588)4188776-1 gnd rswk-swf Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd rswk-swf Geothermische Energie (DE-588)4020286-0 gnd rswk-swf Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 s Geothermische Energie (DE-588)4020286-0 s DE-604 Vulkanologie (DE-588)4188776-1 s DE-188 Heiken, Grant 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)133397319 aut Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences 12 (DE-604)BV002750936 12 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003680842&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wohletz, Kenneth Heiken, Grant 1942- Volcanology and geothermal energy Los Alamos series in basic and applied sciences Geothermal resources Volcanology Vulkanologie (DE-588)4188776-1 gnd Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd Geothermische Energie (DE-588)4020286-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4188776-1 (DE-588)4064081-4 (DE-588)4020286-0 |
| title | Volcanology and geothermal energy |
| title_auth | Volcanology and geothermal energy |
| title_exact_search | Volcanology and geothermal energy |
| title_full | Volcanology and geothermal energy Kenneth Wohletz ; Grant Heiken |
| title_fullStr | Volcanology and geothermal energy Kenneth Wohletz ; Grant Heiken |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volcanology and geothermal energy Kenneth Wohletz ; Grant Heiken |
| title_short | Volcanology and geothermal energy |
| title_sort | volcanology and geothermal energy |
| topic | Geothermal resources Volcanology Vulkanologie (DE-588)4188776-1 gnd Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd Geothermische Energie (DE-588)4020286-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geothermal resources Volcanology Vulkanologie Vulkanismus Geothermische Energie |
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