America's governing system is unique in the extent to which scientists and other outside experts participate in the policy process. No other nation uses these experts so extensively, not merely for advice on the allocation of resources to science but also in broad policy issues. This wide-rangi...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben

1. Verfasser:	Smith, Bruce L. R. 1936- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Washington, DC Brookings Inst. 1992
Schlagworte:	Beleidsvoorbereiding Conseillers scientifiques - Etats-Unis Conseillers scientifiques - États-Unis Politique scientifique et technique - États-Unis Politique scientifique Présidents - Etats-Unis - Personnel Présidents - États-Unis - Personnel Wetenschapsbeoefenaars Presidents > United States > Staff Science and state > United States Science consultants > United States Naturwissenschaftler Politikberatung USA
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Zusammenfassung:	America's governing system is unique in the extent to which scientists and other outside experts participate in the policy process. No other nation uses these experts so extensively, not merely for advice on the allocation of resources to science but also in broad policy issues. This wide-ranging study traces the rise of scientists in the policy process and shows how outside experts interrelate with politicians and administrators to produce a unique and dynamic policy process. It also shows how the very openness of American government creates the potential for unusual conflicts of interest. Bruce Smith focuses on the experience of agency and presidential-level advisory systems over the past several decades. He chronicles the special complexities and challenges resulting from the Federal Advisory Committee Act--the "open meeting" law--to provide a better understanding of the role of advisory committees and offers valuable lessons to guide their future use He looks at science advice in the Departments of Defense, State, and Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency, and then examines how science advisory mechanisms have worked at the White House. Rather than simply providing a description of structures and institutions, Smith shows the advisory systems in action--how advisory systems work or fail to work in practice. He analyzes how the advisers influence the policymaking process and affect the life of the agencies they serve. Smith concludes with an assessment of the relationship between science advice and American democracy. He explains that the widespread use of outside advisers clearly reflects America's preference for pluralism By scrutinizing agency plans, goals, and operations, advisers and advisory committees serve a variety of functions and attempt to strike a balance between openness and citizen access to government and the need for discipline and sophisticated expertise in policymaking. At the root of the advisory process is a paradox: scientists are called on because of their special expertise, but they are useful only if they learn to play by the rules of the political game. The challenge to the nation is to reconcile the integrity of science with the norms of democracy
Beschreibung:	XI, 238 S.
ISBN:	0815779909 0815779895