Technological progress and industrial leadership: the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lexington, Mass. u.a.
Lexington Books
1985
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. print. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIX, 798 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0669075353 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804119973998624768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Technological
Progress and
Industrial
Leadership
The Growth of the U S Steel Industry,
1900-1970
Bela Gold
Claremont Graduate School
William S Peirce
Case Western Reserve University
Gerhard Rosegger
Case Western Reserve University
Mark Perlman
University of Pittsburgh
LexingtonBooks
D C Heath and Company
Lexington, Massachusetts
Toronto
Contents
Figures xiii
Tables xix
Preface Beta Gold xxv
Part I Analyzing Technological Progress: Concepts,
Measures, and Results Bela Gold 1
Chapter 1 Mythology, Needs, and Objectives 3
Some Elements of the Prevailing Mythology 4
Common Obstacles to Analysis 6
Objectives and Plan of Study 8
Chapter 2 Technological Change: Concepts and Models 15
Nature and Types of Technological Change 15
Sources of Technological Advances 19
Objectives of Technological Improvement
Efforts 24
Effectiveness of Technological Improvement
Efforts 28
Technological Progress: Nature and Levels 31
Chapter 3 Harnessing Technological Innovations 43
Appraising Diffusion Patterns 43
Foundations of Technology Decision Models 48
Stages of Decision Making 55
Components of the Decision Model 57
Making the Decision 60
Factors Affecting Decisions by Later
Adopters 63
Chapter 4 Evaluating the Effects of Technological
Innovations: Prevailing Approaches 77
Differing Study Objectives 77
Alternative Analytical Focuses 82
Relevance of Concepts and Measures Used 85
v
vi Technological Progress and Industrial Leadership
Vulnerability of Interpretations of Past
Findings 90
Conclusions and Implications 94
Chapter 5 Evaluating Innovational Effects:
Managerial Criteria 103
Management s Requirements for Evaluating
Prospective Innovations 103
Basic Structure of Productivity-Cost-
Profitability Analysis System 106
Effects of Changes in Technology and
Productivity Relationships 115
Hypotheses Concerning Innovational Effects 119
Chapter 6 Evaluating Broader Innovational Effects 125
Repercussions in Adjacent Industrial Sectors 125
Evaluative Criteria in Larger Sectors of
Industry 128
Additional Governmental and Social Criteria 138
Chapter 7 Measurement Problems and Expedients 143
General Difficulties 143
Output Levels 144
Input Levels 146
Product and Factor Prices 148
Unit Costs and Real Costs 150
Productive Capacity^ and Utilization 151
Some Additional Measurement Requirements 156
Some Broader Methodological Issues 157
Part II Technological Progress and Economic Effects
in Coal and Iron Mining William S Peirce 161
Chapter 8 Technological Changes in Bituminous
Coal Mining 163
Breaking Coal from the Face 163
From Coal Face to Mine Mouth 166
Other Aspects of Underground Mining 177
Surface Mining 178
Preparing Coal for Coking 185
Contents vii
Some Basic Patterns 186
Chapter 9 Physical Performance in Coal Mining 193
Total Output 193
Output per Man 196
Consumption Patterns 199
Capacity and Utilization of Mines 204
Number of Mines 208
Size of Mines 211
Technological Change and Reserves 213
Technological Change and the Environment 221
Captive Mines 224
Conclusions 229
Chapter 10 Economic Performance in Bituminous
Coal Mining 237
Total and Unit Costs and Value 237
Factor Prices and Unit Input Requirements 248
Unit Costs and Output 264
Costs as a Proportion of Sales and Value
Added 265
Profits and Rents 268
Conclusions 282
Chapter 11 Technological Change in Iron Ore Mining 291
Technological Change in Underground
Mining 291
Technological Change in Open Pit Mining 298
Beneficiation 304
Conclusions 311
Chapter 12 Physical Performance in Iron Ore Mining 321
Physical Output 322
Fluctuations in Output 324
Imports and Exports 327
Geographic Shifts 330
Quality of Ore 334
Output per Man-Day 339
Number and Size of Mines 341
Production and the Change in Reserves 344
viii Technological Progress and Industrial Leadership
Conclusions 347
Appendix 12A: The Price of Iron Ore 351
Chapter 13 Economic Performance in Iron Ore Mining 357
The Economic Setting 357
Total and Unit Costs and Value 362
Factor Prices and Unit Input Requirements 373
Total Unit Value and Output 386
Costs as a Proportion of Sales and Value
Added 387
Profitability 393
Conclusions 395
Appendix 13A: Rent, Royalties, Taxes, and
Technology 401
Chapter 14 Transportation of Iron Ore 415
Technological Changes on the Great Lakes 415
Economic Outcome 429
Competitive Modes and Routes 433
Conclusions 441
Part III Technological Progress and Economic Effects
in Iron and Steel Production Gerhard
Rosegger 447
Chapter 15 Technological Change in the Coking Industry 449
Technological Change 450
Performance of the Coke Oven Segment 453
Relationship of the Coke Industry to the
Blast Furnace Segment 465
Chapter 16 Technological Change in the Blast
Furnace Segment 469
Patterns of Technological Change 471
Summary and Conclusions 484
Chapter 17 The Blast Furnace Segment:
Physical Performance 489
Contents ix
Development of Capacity and Scale of
Operations 489
Production and Capacity Utilization 492
Labor Inputs Relative to Output 496
Productivity of Raw Materials 502
Summary and Conclusions 507
Chapter 18 The Blast Furnace Segment:
Economic Performance 511
Changes in Output Value and Average Price
or Output 512
Changes in Unit Material Costs 515
Changes in Unit Employment Costs 518
Changes in Overhead Costs and Profits 520
Changes in Cost Proportions 525
Chapter 19 Technological Change in Primary
Steel Making 529
Technological Change, 1899-1930 530
Technological Change, 1931-1970 543
Summary and Conclusions 552
Chapter 20 Technological Change in the Mechanical
Treatment of Steel 559
Background 561
Development of Power Sources 563
Technological Change in Steel Rolling 565
Technological Change as Reflected in
Output Mix 571
Summary and Conclusions 573
Chapter 21 Primary Steel Making: Physical Performance 579
Development of Total Output and Capacity
Utilization 579
Development of Plant Size and Scale of
Equipment 583
Changing Shares of Steel-Making Processes in
Total Output 586
Ferrous Materials Inputs 593
Consumption of Oxygen and Fuels 601
X Technological Progress and Industrial Leadership
Part IV The Larger Setting 607
Chapter 22 Governmental Intervention and the
Socioeconomic Background Mark Perlman 609
Major Developments by Periods 609
Analyzing the Lessons 624
Assessments 627
Chapter 23 International Steel Production and
Trade Gerhard Rosegger 633
U S and World Steel Production 635
Developments in Raw Materials Trade 640
Development of Exports and Imports 642
Product Composition of Exports and Imports 646
Changes in Trading Partners 650
Summary and Conclusions 653
Part V Conclusions and Implications Bela Gold 659
Chapter 24 Economic Performance of the Iron and Steel
Industry 661
Needed Revisions of Our Research
Objectives 661
Summary of Key Innovations and Expected
Effects 663
Diffusion Patterns Compared with
Expectations 665
Actual Growth and Cost Patterns Compared
with Expectations 667
Cost Determinants: Adjustments in
Productivity and Factor Prices 670
Resulting Changes in Industry Costs and
Profitability 679
Appendix 24A 685
Chapter 25 Changing Perspectives on the Economic
Effects of Technological Advances: Some
Implications of the Empirical Findings 693
Some Empirically Rooted Revisions of
Prevailing Expectations 693
Contents xi
Managerial Approaches to Improving
Technological Capabilities 708
Approaches to Evaluating Prospective
Technological Innovations 709
Generating Proposals for Technological
Innovations 714
Evaluating the Results of Installed
Technological Innovations 717
Concluding Observations 721
Chapter 26 Some Strategic Perspectives 727
Pressures toward Restructuring the World
Steel Industry 727
Prospective Adjustments in Response to
Pressures 742
Resulting Challenges to Management and
Governmental Policies 755
Concluding Observations 767
Index 777
About the Authors 797
|
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-1970 |
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| spelling | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 Mitarb.: Bela Gold* 2. print. Lexington, Mass. u.a. Lexington Books 1985 XXIX, 798 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1900-1970 gnd rswk-swf Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd rswk-swf Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd rswk-swf Wachstum (DE-588)4064115-6 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 s Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 s Wachstum (DE-588)4064115-6 s DE-604 Geschichte 1900-1970 z 1\p DE-604 Gold, Bela Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003617947&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd Wachstum (DE-588)4064115-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059252-2 (DE-588)4014005-2 (DE-588)4064115-6 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 |
| title_auth | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 |
| title_exact_search | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 |
| title_full | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 Mitarb.: Bela Gold* |
| title_fullStr | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 Mitarb.: Bela Gold* |
| title_full_unstemmed | Technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 Mitarb.: Bela Gold* |
| title_short | Technological progress and industrial leadership |
| title_sort | technological progress and industrial leadership the growth of th u s steel industry 1900 1970 |
| title_sub | the growth of th U. S. steel industry, 1900-1970 |
| topic | Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Eisen- und Stahlindustrie (DE-588)4014005-2 gnd Wachstum (DE-588)4064115-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Technischer Fortschritt Eisen- und Stahlindustrie Wachstum USA |
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