Coordinate systems and map projections:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Pergamon Pr.
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 476 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0080372341 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Maling, Derek H. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Coordinate systems and map projections |c by D. H. Maling |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Pergamon Pr. |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 476 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Geografische coördinaten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kaartprojecties |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Projection cartographique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quadrillages (Cartographie) | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Remote sensing |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grids (Cartography) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Map projection | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-863_location | 1911 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-FWS_call_number | 1911/2016:0140 |
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 101970 |
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| adam_text | Coordinate Systems
and Map Projections
SECOND EDITION
by
D H J /I_ALING
Formerly University of Wales
i
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD NEW YORK • SEOUL • TOKYO
Contents
PREFACE • xiii
THE SYMBOLS AND NOTATION USED IN THIS BOOK xviii
1 The Figure of the Earth and the Reference
Surfaces used in surveying and mapping 1
Introduction
The ellipsoid of rotation or spheroid
Measurement of the earth s figure
Astro-geodetic arc measurement
Gravity measurements
The geoid
The contribution of satellite geodesy
The evidence of satellite tracking
Global triangulaiion schemes
Satellite altimetry
The choice of a suitable reference surface for mapping
The plane reference surface
The spherical assumption
The spheroidal assumption
2 Coordinate Reference Systems
on the Plane 27
Introduction
Plane cartesian coordinates
The map grid as an example of plane rectangular coordinates
Plane polar coordinates
Transformation from polar into rectangular coordinates and vice-versa
Two-dimensional coordinate transformations
Linear conformal, similarity or Helmert transformation
Translation of the axes or change of origin
Change in scale from one coordinate system to another
Rotation of the axes about the origin
Coordinate transformations involving all three displacements
Affine transformation
Grid-on-Grid Calculations
vi Contents
3 Coordinate Reference Systems ,, ; •
on the Sphere 47
Introduction
Definitions of planes, arcs and angles on the sphere
Geographical coordinates
Latitude
Longitude
Graticule
Anglesonthesphere • •*• - ; ••*•• ---:: •
Azimuth and bearing
Spherical triangle
Determination of the unknown parts of a spherical triangle
Cosine formula
Sine formula
The lengths of arcs on the earth s surface
The length of the arc of a meridian
The length of the arc of a parallel
The length of the arc of any great circle
Conversion of arc length into linear distance
Angles on the earth s surface
Determination of azimuth
Convergence of meridians
4 The Geometry of the Spheroid 64
Introduction
Spheroidal parameters
Latitude on the spheroid
Geocentric latitude
Geodetic latitude
Auxiliary latitudes
The radii of curvature of an ellipsoid
Arc distances on the spheroid
Meridional arc distance
Meridional arc distance measured between two points of known latitude
Numerical solutions from series expansion
The calculation of the length of any arc and its azimuth on the spheroid
Arc distance defined in three-dimensional cartesian coordinates
The choice of radius for an auxiliary sphere
5 Some Basic Ideas about the Mathematics
of Map Projections 80
Introduction
Functional relationships
Principal scale
Generating globe
Contents vii
Introduction to the concepts of distortion
Linear distortion
Lines and points of zero distortion
Particular scales
Differential geometry of the sphere and plane
Gaussian fundamental quantities
6 The Ellipse of Distortion 100
Tissot s Theorem and the principal directions
The ellipse of distortion
Area scale
Angular deformation
Summary of the main conclusions derived in Chapters 5 and 6
The special properties of map projections
Conformality
Equivalence
Equidistance
Minimum-error representation
The practical use and interpretation of the distortion characteristics of a
map projection
Tabular presentation of distortion characteristics
Graphic presentation of deformation
Some other views of Tissot s work
Worked example using the equations in Chapters 5 and 6
7 The Appearance, Classification and
Naming of Map Projections 122
Introduction
Modern work on terminology
The appearance and recognition of map projections
Diagnostic features to help recognise a projection
The fundamental properties of map projections
Azimuthal projections
Cylindrical projections • : • • :
Conical projections
The aspect of a map projection
The normal aspect
The transverse aspect
The oblique aspect
Wray s additional categories of aspect
The classification of map projections
Plane representation by cartesian coordinates
Plane representation by polar coordinates
Separation of the parallels
Naming of map projections
On the use of personal names
viii Contents
8 Practical Construction of
Map Projections 152
Introduction
Representation of grids and graticules on maps
Location of graticule intersections
Geometrical construction
Construction by coordinates
Construction of a map projection by plotting coordinates
The use of projection tables
The rough draft
Scale conversion of the tabulated coordinates
Construction of master grid
Use of a coordinatograph
Master grid template and small coordinatograph
Use of a preprinted grid
Graphical construction of the master grid
Method I
Method II
Drawing the graticule
Curves
Splines
9 Computation of Projection Coordinates 175
Introduction
Methods of calculating coordinates
Older methods of computation
Modern computing methods
Change of aspect
Bearing and distance coordinates
Transformation from bearing and distance coordinates to projection
coordinates and master grid coordinates
Hammer s Tables
Transformation through three-dimensional cartesian coordinates
Euler s angles
Rotation a about the Z- axis
Rotation y about the Y -axis
Rotation p about the X-axis
Wray s use of the Eulerian angles
Solution by the Cayley—Rodrigues method
10 The Analytical Derivation of
Some Map Projections 195
Introduction
Example 1: the azimuthal equal-area projection (Lambert)
Conditions applicable to any azimuthal projection
The special conditions for the azimuthal equal-area projection
Contents ix
Example II: the conical equidistant projection with one standard parallel
(Ptolemy) and the conical equidistant projection with two standard par-
allels (de l lsle)
Conditions applicable to all conical projections
The special conditions of the equidistant conical projections
The conical equidistant projection with two standard parallels (de l lsle)
Example III: the cylindrical conformal or Mercator s projection
Conditions applicable to all cylindrical map projections
Conditions applicable to the cylindrical conformal projection
Example Ilia: derivation of Mercator s projection of the spheroid
11 Choosing a suitable map projection -
the principles 218
Introduction
Geographical and land information systems
The role of the zero dimension in a GIS
Some factors influencing the choice of a suitable projection
The purpose of the map and its intended use
Maps of small areas or small countries
Maps of large countries, continents and the whole world
Modified projections
Obstacles to choice
The choice of origin, aspect and class of projection
Young s Rule for selecting class of projection
Choice of special property
Modification through redistribution of the particular scales
The choice of standard parallels
Transformation of a projection by the creation of a pole-line
12 Choosing a suitable map projection -
the graphical and analytical methods 245
Introduction
Graphical methods of selection by visual comparison of overlays
The combined analytical and graphical method of selection
The choice of a conformal map for Hispanic America
Transverse aspect stereographic projection
Modified transverse stereographic projection
Normal aspect Mercator s projection
Modified normal aspect Mercator s projection
Transverse Mercator projection
The oblique aspect conformal conical projection
The choice of a suitable projection for CORINE
A Ibers projection
Murdoch s third projection
Oblique aspect A Ibers projection
Azimuthal equal-area projection
Towards an automatic method of choice
x Contents
13 Discontinuities and deliberate distortions 266
Introduction
Composite projections
Recentred or interrupted projections
Continuity along a great circle: The use of gores
Polysuperficial projections
Asymmetrical recentred maps
Recentred composite maps
Condensed projections
Map projections which introduce deliberate distortion
The logarithmic azimuthal projection
The hyperboloid projection of the Falk town maps
The hyperbolic projection
The magnifying-glass effect
The polyfocal projection
14 Projections for Navigation Charts 290
Introduction
Navigation and pilotage
Purposes of charts
Stages in a flight or voyage
Dead-reckoning (DR) navigation
Triangle of velocities
The air plot
Fixing position
Great circles and rhumb-lines
Suitable projections for navigation charts
Projections for nautical charts
Projections for large-scale nautical charts
Projections for aeronautical charts
After the paper chart
Polar navigation
15 Surveying and Map Projections 310
Introduction
Projections in actual-use for control surveys, cadastral surveys and topo-
graphical mapping
The nature of survey methods
Angular measurements
Linear measurements
Projection calculations
Assumptions about the earth s figure
The plane assumption
The spherical assumption
Rectangular spherical coordinates
Determination ofCassini coordinates from bearing and distance
Method I
Method II
Geographical coordinates on Cassini s projection
Cassini s projection and the Ordnance Survey
Contents xi
16 The Transverse Mercator Projection 336
Introduction
The Transverse Mercator projection of the sphere
The geometry of the Transverse Mercator projection of the spheroid
Direct representation of the ellipsoid upon the plane: The Gauss-Kruger
projection
Bowring s solution
The Transverse Mercator by double-projection
Conformal projection from the ellipsoid to the sphere
The Biernacki-Rapp solution
Williams solution
Hotine s solution using the aposphere
Projection of the sphere to the plane
The history of use of the Transverse Mercator
The Gauss-Kruger projection in Germany
Soviet Unified Reference System
The Ordnance Survey Transverse Mercator projection
The African dilemma
The Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) system
Computing Transverse Mercator formulae
17 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
using Conventional Photography 364
Introduction
Aerial photography and photogrammetry
The geometry of the photogrammetric plot
Ground control and its identification
The influence of earth curvature on aerial photography
The planimetric component of earth curvature
The altimetric component of earth curvature
Photographs taken from artificial satellites
Return beam vidicon (RBV)
Orbital geometry
18 Projection Transformations Employed in
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
using Scanning Sensors 382
Introduction to scanning systems
Objectives and limitations
A terminological diversion
Rectification
Registration
Resampling
Rubber-sheeting
Data storage requirements
Preprocessing or initial system corrections
The geometry of the scanned image
The effect of earth rotation on MSS imagery
xii Contents
The transformation of scanned images
Analytical transformation methods
Numerical transformation methods
Choice of ground control on scanned imagery
Interpolation methods
Projections for Landsat MSS
Projection distortion within the single Landsat MSS frame
A desirable projection for an entire strip of Landsat MSS imagery
Transverse Mercator projection
Oblique Mercator projection
Space Oblique Mercator projection
The Space Oblique Mercator projection in practice
19 Other Methods of Transformation 408
Introduction
Required transformations
The effects of the changes
Geometrical limitations of source maps
Grid cells and GIS frameworks
The Authalic Grid
The transformation methods
Analytical transformation
Additional complications
The advantages and disadvantages of the analytical method
Direct transformation
The derivation of a complex polynomial for conformal mapping
Determination of the polynomial coefficients
Solutions by interpolation methods
Application of finite element interpolation
Interpretation by divided differences
Least-squares collocation
Appendix I Algebraic Expressions for the
Coordinates and Particular Scales of the Most
Important Map Projections 430
Appendix II Table of Projection Coordinates
for 15 Graticule Intersections of
Briesemeister s Projection 442
Appendix III The Transverse Mercator
Equations for a Projection of the Spheroid in
Detail 443
References 450
Index of Names 461
Index of Map Projections 465
Subject Index 469
|
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| id | DE-604.BV005590947 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-01T16:25:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0080372341 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003502252 |
| oclc_num | 23140401 |
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| owner | DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 DE-706 |
| physical | XXIII, 476 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Pergamon Pr. |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Maling, Derek H. Coordinate systems and map projections Geografische coördinaten gtt Kaartprojecties gtt Projection cartographique Quadrillages (Cartographie) Remote sensing gtt Grids (Cartography) Map projection Kartenentwurf (DE-588)4199902-2 gnd Kartennetzentwurf (DE-588)4163370-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4199902-2 (DE-588)4163370-2 |
| title | Coordinate systems and map projections |
| title_auth | Coordinate systems and map projections |
| title_exact_search | Coordinate systems and map projections |
| title_full | Coordinate systems and map projections by D. H. Maling |
| title_fullStr | Coordinate systems and map projections by D. H. Maling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coordinate systems and map projections by D. H. Maling |
| title_short | Coordinate systems and map projections |
| title_sort | coordinate systems and map projections |
| topic | Geografische coördinaten gtt Kaartprojecties gtt Projection cartographique Quadrillages (Cartographie) Remote sensing gtt Grids (Cartography) Map projection Kartenentwurf (DE-588)4199902-2 gnd Kartennetzentwurf (DE-588)4163370-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geografische coördinaten Kaartprojecties Projection cartographique Quadrillages (Cartographie) Remote sensing Grids (Cartography) Map projection Kartenentwurf Kartennetzentwurf |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003502252&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT malingderekh coordinatesystemsandmapprojections |
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Würzburg Magazin
| Signatur: |
1911 2016:0140 |
|---|---|
| Exemplar 1 | ausleihbar Verfügbar Bestellen |