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Learning:

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1. Verfasser:	Catania, A. C. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall 1992
Ausgabe:	3. ed.
Schlagworte:	Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Aprendizagem (psicologia) Aprendizagem Leren Psychologie comparée Réflexe conditionné Conditioned response Learning, Psychology of Psychology, Comparative Lernpsychologie Einführung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Literaturverz. S. 405 - 437
Beschreibung:	XVI, 446 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	013528662X

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Titel: Learning Autor: Catania, Anthony Charles Jahr: 1992 Contents Preface xiii PARTI Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 Learning and Behavior 1 Section A The Language of Learning and Behavior 2 THE WORLD AND THE LABORATORY 4 BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGIES 7 ANTECEDENTS, BEHAVIOR, AND CONSEQUENCES 10 Section B Basic Procedures and Findings 15 THE OBSERVATION OF BEHAVIOR 16 THE PRESENTATION OF STIMULI 17 CONSEQUENTIAL OPERATIONS 20 STIMULUS-CONTROL OPERATIONS 21 ESTABLISHING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSEQUENCES 26 OVERVIEW 27 PART II Behavior Without Learning 30 CHAPTER 2 Evolution and Behavior 30 Section A The Nature of Evolution 31 RECIPES AND BLUEPRINTS 32 VARIATION AND SELECTION 33 KINDS OF SELECTION 38 Section B Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Behavior 39 SUMMARY 40 vii CHAPTER 3 Elicited and Emitted Behavior 41 Section A The Reflex: Elicitation 42 PROPERTIES OF ELICITED BEHAVIOR 43 ELICITING STIMULI AND RESPONSE PROBABILITIES 44 TYPES OF STIMULUS-RESPONSE RELATIONS 47 EFFECTS OF SUCCESSIVE ELICITATIONS 49 Section B From Elicited to Emitted Behavior 52 ADJUNCTIVE BEHAVIOR 52 INTERIM AND TERMINAL BEHAVIOR 53 THE ROLE OF EXERCISE 55 STIMULUS PRESENTATIONS IN IMPRINTING 58 DRIVE AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STIMULI 59 SUMMARY 60 PART III Learning Without Words 61 CHAPTER 4 Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement 61 Section A Reinforcement and Extinction 62 MAZES AND LEARNING CURVES 63 EXPERIMENTAL CHAMBERS AND CUMULATIVE RECORDS 66 REINFORCEMENT 71 EXTINCTION 73 Section B Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior 80 THE RELATIVITY OF REINFORCEMENT 81 THE ACQUISITION OF BEHAVIOR 84 SUMMARY 89 CHAPTER 5 Consequences of Responding: Aversive Control 90 Section A Punishment 91 COMPARING REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT 92 THE RELATIVITY OF PUNISHMENT 95 SIDE EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT 96 SUMMARY 99 Section B Negative Reinforcement: Escape and Avoidance 100 ESCAPE 100 AVOIDANCE 104 EXTINCTION 109 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT 109 THE LANGUAGE OF AVERSIVE CONTROL 110 CHAPTER 6 Operants: The Selection of Behavior 112 Section A Shaping: The Differential Reinforcement of Successive Approximations 113 Section B Differentiation and Induction 114 RESPONSE CLASSES 114 SOME EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT 116 SCHEDULES OF DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT 120 COMPLEX BEHAVIOR: MAZE LEARNING 122 RESPONSE SEQUENCES: CHAINING VS. TEMPORALLY EXTENDED UNITS 123 OPERANT CLASSES: FUNCTION VS. TOPOGRAPHY 125 OPERANT CLASSES AND NOVEL BEHAVIOR 127 CHAPTER 7 Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control 129 Section A The Nature of Discriminated Operants 130 TH E PROBLEM OF ATTENTION 133 STIMULUS-CONTROL GRADIENTS 136 FADING: STIMULUS CONTROL BY SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS 141 THE VOCABULARIES OF DIFFERENTIATION AND DISCRIMINATION 142 Section B Animal Cognition 143 COGNITIVE MAPS 144 NATURAL CONCEPTS AND PROBABILISTIC STIMULUS CLASSES 146 Section C Conditional Discriminations and Higher-Order Classes of Behavior 147 LEARNING SET 148 MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE 150 SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR: EQUIVALENCE CLASSES 152 SUMMARY 156 CHAPTER 8 Reinforcement Schedules 157 Section A The Basic Schedules 158 VARIABLE-INTERVAL AND VARIABLE-RATIO SCHEDULES 159 FIXED-INTERVAL AND FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULES 167 THE VOCABULARY OF REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES 170 Section B Schedule Combinations and Behavior Synthesis 172 MULTIPLE SCHEDULES 172 CHAINED AND SECOND-ORDER SCHEDULES 175 CONCURRENT SCHEDULES 177 CONCURRENT-CHAIN SCHEDULES 179 SCHEDULE ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR SYNTHESIS 185 CHAPTER 9 Respondent Behavior: Conditioning 186 Section A Conditional Reflexes 187 TYPES OF CONDITIONING 190 CONDITIONING AND CONTIGUITY 192 STIMULUS COMBINATIONS IN CONDITIONING 194 CONTIGUITY AND CONSEQUENCES 197 AUTOSHAPING AND AUTOMAINTENANCE 200 SUMMARY 201 Section B Operant-Respondent Interactions: Emotion 202 CONDITIONING AND EMOTION 202 PREAVERSIVE AND PREAPPETITIVE STIMULI 204 Section C Biological Constraints on Learning 207 SENSORY CONSTRAINTS 207 MOTOR CONSTRAINTS 208 CONSTRAINTS ON CONSEQUENCES 209 PREPAREDNESS 209 CHAPTER 10 Social Learning 212 Section A Kinds of Social Contingencies 213 LEARNING ABOUT OTH ERS 214 LEARNING FROM OTHERS 215 LEARNING ABOUT ONESELF 218 Section B Recapitulation 221 KINDS OF CONTINGENCIES AND CONTINGENT STIMULI 223 PART IV Learning With Words 227 CHAPTER 11 Verbal Behavior: Language Function 227 Section A The Units of Verbal Behavior 229 CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN VOCAL AND WRITTEN CLASSES 229 INTRAVERBAL BEHAVIOR 234 THE CONTACT OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR WITH THE ENVIRONMENT 236 THE CONSEQUENCES OF VERBAL OPERANTS 242 VERBAL BEHAVIOR CONDITIONAL UPON VERBAL BEHAVIOR 243 Section B Relations between Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior 247 RULE-GOVERNED AND CONTINGENCY-SHAPED BEHAVIOR 247 CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN SAYING AND DOING 250 THE LISTENER S OR READER S BEHAVIOR 252 Section C Verbal Behavior and Animal Language 254 CHAPTER 12 Psycholinguistics: Language Structure 257 Section A Syntax: The Grammatical Structure of Language 258 SEQUENTIAL ANALYSES 259 CONSTITUENTS AND PHRASE STRUCTURE 260 TRANSFORMATIONS 264 Section B Semantics: The Meaning of Verbal Units 268 THE MEASUREMENT OF MEANING 270 METAPHOR 272 Section C Some Properties of Language 274 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS 274 LANGUAGE RELATIVITY 275 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 276 CHAPTER 13 Verbal Learning and Transfer 279 Section A Verbal Learning Procedures 279 SERIAL LEARNING 283 PAIRED-ASSOCIATES LEARNING 286 FREE RECALL 288 VERBAL DISCRIMINATION 291 VERBAL RECOGNITION: A SPECIAL CASE OF VERBAL DISCRIMINATION 293 SUMMARY 295 Section B Transfer 295 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRANSFER 296 PROACTION AND RETROACTION 298 EXTENSIONS TO NONVERBAL PROCEDURES 299 SUMMARY 300 CHAPTER 14 Remembering 302 Section A Mnemonics 304 Section B The Metaphor of Storage and Retrieval 307 STORAGE: ENCODING AND LEVELS OF PROCESSING 308 RETENTION: THE QUESTION OF MEMORY REORGANIZATION 311 RETRIEVAL: CUE-DEPENDENCY AND ACCESSIBILITY 313 Section C Kinds of Remembering 315 ICONIC MEMORY: THE PERSISTING EFFECTS OF STIMULI 316 SHORT-TERM MEMORY: THE ROLE OF REHEARSAL 318 LONG-TERM MEMORY: INTERFERENCE AND FORGETTING 321 THE STRUCTURE OF MEMORY: WHAT IS REMEMBERED? 325 METAMEMORY 327 SUMMARY 329 CHAPTER 15 Cognition and Problem Solving 331 Section A Cognitive Processes 331 VISUAL IMAGERY 333 SIMULATIONS 335 PROCESSING STAGES 336 MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS 340 Section B Problem Solving 342 FUNCTIONAL FIXITY 346 THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLUTIONS 347 PARTV Conclusion 350 CHAPTER 16 Structure and Function in Learning 350 TWO PSYCHOLOGIES OF LEARNING: A CAPSULE HISTORY 351 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 354 LEARNING AND EVOLUTION 358 BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR SYNTHESIS 361 Glossary 362 Acknowledgments 403 References 405 Index 438
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author	Catania, A. C.
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discipline	Psychologie
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isbn	013528662X
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physical	XVI, 446 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
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spelling	Catania, A. C. Verfasser aut Learning A. Charles Catania 3. ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall 1992 XVI, 446 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 405 - 437 Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Aprendizagem (psicologia) larpcal Aprendizagem larpcal Leren gtt Psychologie comparée Réflexe conditionné Conditioned response Learning, Psychology of Psychology, Comparative Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003415859&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Catania, A. C. Learning Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Aprendizagem (psicologia) larpcal Aprendizagem larpcal Leren gtt Psychologie comparée Réflexe conditionné Conditioned response Learning, Psychology of Psychology, Comparative Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4074166-7 (DE-588)4151278-9
title	Learning
title_auth	Learning
title_exact_search	Learning
title_full	Learning A. Charles Catania
title_fullStr	Learning A. Charles Catania
title_full_unstemmed	Learning A. Charles Catania
title_short	Learning
title_sort	learning
topic	Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Aprendizagem (psicologia) larpcal Aprendizagem larpcal Leren gtt Psychologie comparée Réflexe conditionné Conditioned response Learning, Psychology of Psychology, Comparative Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd
topic_facet	Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Aprendizagem (psicologia) Aprendizagem Leren Psychologie comparée Réflexe conditionné Conditioned response Learning, Psychology of Psychology, Comparative Lernpsychologie Einführung
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work_keys_str_mv	AT cataniaac learning

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