Archaeology and environment in South Essex: rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chelmsford
Archaeology Section, Essex County Council
1988
|
| Schriftenreihe: | East Anglian archaeology
42 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 139 S. überwiegend Ill. und Kt. 2 Mikrofiches |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Archaeology and environment in South Essex |b rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 |c by T. J. Wilkinson. Ill. by J. F. K. Bacon ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chelmsford |b Archaeology Section, Essex County Council |c 1988 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a East Anglian archaeology |v 42 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Excavations (Archaeology) |z England |z Essex | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Salvage archaeology |z England |z Essex | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Wilkinson, Tony J. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bacon, J. F. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of contents V
List of plates vi
List of figures vi
List of tables viii
Contents of Microfiche viii
Contributors ix
Acknowledgements X
Part 1 Introduction VII. Site 5: Belhus Park, Aveley
I. Summary 1 Introduction 62
II. Introduction 1 Geology and water resources 62
III. Geology and Landscape 3 The excavations 62
IV. The Threat to Archaeological Sites 6 Phase I: Early Iron Age 62
V. Field Ojectives 6 Phase II: Middle Iron Age 62
Phase III: Middle to Late Iron Age 63
VI. Site Investigations and the Cropmark Record 7 Phase IV: Roman 63
The Excavated Sites Discussion 63
Part 2 VIII. Sites 6, 7 and 8: North Ockendon
I. Site 1: Rectory Road, Orsett Introduction 65
Introduction 11 Site 6 65
The excavations 11 Site 7 67
Main features 11 Site 8 67
II. Site 2: Baker Street, Orsett Discussion 67
Introduction 13
Drift geology and soils 13
Description of the cropmarks 13 Part 3 The Artefacts
The excavations 15 I. Coins 69
Phase I: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 15 Stifford Clays 69
Phase II: Late Iron Age to post-Roman 16 Ardale School 69
Discussion 17 II. Copper Alloy and Iron Objects from
III. Site 9: Primrose Island, Stifford Clays, Ardale School (excluding those from
by Robin Turner 17 Ardale Saxon cemetery) 69
IV. Site 3: Stifford Clays Pre-Saxon 69
Introduction 19 Saxon 69
Topography and geology 19 III. The Slags from Ardale School, by Justine
The excavations 20 Bayley and J. G. McDonnell 70
Phases I-IU: Neolithic to Early Iron Age 20 IV. The Flint Industry, by Hazel Martingell 70
Phase IV: Middle Iron Age 20 The raw material 71
Phase V:Middle to Late Iron Age 22 Ardale Area A 72
Phase VI: Late Iron Age 22 Ardale Area B 72
Phase VII: Roman 23 Ardale Area C 72
Phase VIII: Saxon 23 Ardale Area D 72
Phase IX: Medieval 23 Mitchell’s Wood denehole 72
Discussion 23 Stifford Clays 72
V. Site 4: Ardale School Baker Street 73
Introduction 24 Pilgrims Lane 73
Physical geography and potential natural resources 24 Mar Dyke 73
History of the site 26 Rectory Road 73
The excavations 27 Belhus Park 73
Phasing 27 Conclusion 73
Period I: Neolithic 27 V. Objects of Stone, by D.G. Buckley
Period II: Middle to Late Iron Age 28 Introduction 73
Period III: Roman 41 Ardale Area C 73
Period IV: Early Saxon, with a contribution by Ardale Area D 73
Elisabeth Crowfoot 42 Discussion 73
Period V: Medieval and post-medieval 57 VI. The Pottery
Discussion 58 Introduction 74
VI. Mitchell’s Wood Denehole Pottery fabrics 75
Introduction 59 Fabric analysis of selected first millennium
Geology 59 BC pottery types, by S. Hamilton 75
The tunnel and chambers 59 A. Earlier first millennium BC pottery
The earthfill 59 from Rectory Road and Baker Street,
Discussion 60 by S. Hamilton 77
V
B. StifFord Clays (microfiche)
C. Ardale School, Iron Age and Roman pottery 80
D. Belhus Park (microfiche)
E. Early Saxon pottery 92
F. Medieval pottery (microfiche)
VII. Baked and Fired Clay Objects,
by Hilary Major 94
Fabrics 94
Loomweights and ‘Belgic bricks’ 94
Spindle-whorls 97
Other fired clay 97
Clay building materials and chalk cob 97
VIII. Briquetage, by P.M. Barford
Context 97
Fabrics 97
Stifford Clays 97
Ardale 97
Discussion 97
Illustrated briquetage 98
Part 4 Zoological and Botanical Evidence
I. The Animal Bones, by
Rosemary-Margaret Luff 99
Stifford Clays 99
Ardale 99
II. Cereals and Crop Weeds, by Peter Murphy
Introduction 99
Discussion 99
III. Orsett Causewayed Enclosure:
Impressions of Plant Material on Pottery
by Peter Murphy 100
Part 5 The Physical Environment
I. The Holocene Valley Fills 101
II. The Sedimentary Sequence in the Two
Mar Dyke Tributaries 101
Stifford Clays, Trench A 101
Pilgrims Lane, Trench В 102
III. The Thames and Mar Dyke Alluvium 103
IV. The Holocene Sequence in the Mar Dyke 103
Evidence of human activity 106
The chronological sequence 107
V. A Preliminary Analysis of Diatoms from
the Mar Dyke Sediments, by P. Boyd
and T. J. Wilkinson 107
VI. Sea Level Change 108
VII. Pollen Analysis of the Mar Dyke
Sediments, by R. Scaife 109
Palynological methodology 109
Discussion 109
Conclusion 114
Part 6 Discussion and Conclusions
I. Landscape Changes from the Neolithic
to Medieval Times 115
Settlement change through time: evidence from
the Essex Sites and Monuments Record 115
II. Settlement Archaeology along the Grays
By-pass 121
Prehistoric occupation 121
Roman occupation 122
Saxon settlement 122
Settlement fluctuation 122
Distances between Iron Age settlements 123
The impact of Man on the landscape 123
The valley bottoms 125
The economy 126
Salt production and the natural environment 126
Geological sources of minerals used for
the manufacture of domestic implements
and for agricultural purposes 126
III. Landscape Development and the Problem
of the Rectilinear Land System 126
IV. Synthesis and Conclusions
Evolution of the landscape 128
Future archaeological policy 129
Bibliography 131
Index 137
Microfiche
List of Plates
PI. I Baker Street: Cropmarks in the Grey 10 PI. IV Ardale: Saxon Grave 9 53
Goose Farm area PI. V Mitchell’s Wood denehole: East end 61
PI. II Ardale: Cropmarks 25 PI. VI Ardale: Potin coin from ditch 1317 70
PI. Ill Ardale: Saxon Grave -8 52
List of Figures
Fig. 1 Key to all sections 1 Fig. 7 Rectory Road: Plan of excavated features 12
Fig. 2 Location plan and land-use 2 Fig. 8 Rectory Road: Sections 13
Fig. 3 Solid and drift geology 4 Fig. 9 Baker Street: Major cropmarks and
Fig. 4 Topography of project area 5 location of features 14
Fig. 5 Subsoils and cropmarks 9 Fig. 10 Baker Street: Plan of Late Bronze Age
Fig. 6 Rectory Road: Location of the excavated and Early Iron Age features 15
site 11 Fig. 11 Baker Street: Excavated features 16
VI
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:29:16Z |
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| language | English |
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| series | East Anglian archaeology |
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| spelling | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 by T. J. Wilkinson. Ill. by J. F. K. Bacon ... Chelmsford Archaeology Section, Essex County Council 1988 X, 139 S. überwiegend Ill. und Kt. 2 Mikrofiches txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier East Anglian archaeology 42 Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Essex Salvage archaeology England Essex Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Essex (England) Antiquities Essex Süd (DE-588)7598128-2 gnd rswk-swf Essex Süd (DE-588)7598128-2 g Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s DE-604 Wilkinson, Tony J. Sonstige oth Bacon, J. F. Sonstige oth East Anglian archaeology 42 (DE-604)BV000905286 42 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003391400&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 East Anglian archaeology Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Essex Salvage archaeology England Essex Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)7598128-2 |
| title | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 |
| title_auth | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 |
| title_exact_search | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 |
| title_full | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 by T. J. Wilkinson. Ill. by J. F. K. Bacon ... |
| title_fullStr | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 by T. J. Wilkinson. Ill. by J. F. K. Bacon ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Archaeology and environment in South Essex rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 by T. J. Wilkinson. Ill. by J. F. K. Bacon ... |
| title_short | Archaeology and environment in South Essex |
| title_sort | archaeology and environment in south essex rescue archaeology along the grays by pass 1979 80 |
| title_sub | rescue archaeology along the Grays By-pass 1979/80 |
| topic | Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Essex Salvage archaeology England Essex Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Essex Salvage archaeology England Essex Ausgrabung Essex (England) Antiquities Essex Süd |
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