Mechanics in structural geology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Springer
1992
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 253 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540976523 0387976523 3540976159 0387976159 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
PREFACE
VII
Chapter 1
Introduction 7
MOUNTAINS AND HUMAN AFFAIRS 1
MOUNTAINS AND THE CONCEPTS OF MECHANICS 2
Chapter 2
Strains and Displacements 3
LINEAR STRAIN 5
Summation and Integral Forms 7
Strain Rate 7
Logarithmic Strain 8
Stretch 8
Change of Area and Volume 9
Rates of Change 10
Conservation of Area and Volume 10
Spread Ratio II
Variation of Linear Strain with Direction 13
Homogeneous Strain 13
Principal Axes 14
Lines Inclined to the Axes 15
Summary 16
SHEAR STRAIN 16
Distinction from Rotation 18
Variation of Shear Strain with Direction 19
Maximum Shear Strain 20
Summary 23
LAMINAR MATERIALS 24
Cumulative Shear Strain 24
Slip Surfaces 25
ix
Contents
Linear Strain in Laminar Behavior 26
Comparison with Coaxial Deformation 27
Summary 29
CHANCE OF STRAIN FROM POINT TO POINT 30
Folding 30
Circular Arcs 33
Summary 34
Surface Waves 34
THE MOHR CIRCLE AND PARTITION OF STRAIN 36
The Mohr Circle 37
Change of Area, Change of Shape 38
Change of Volume 39
Summary 41
ANSWERS 41
Chapter 3
Forces and Stresses 5Ï
RELATING FORCES AND PRESSURES TO DAILY EXPERIENCE 53
RELATING PRESSURE TO DEPTH 54
Instability: Vertical Columns in Parallel but Mismatched 55
Isostasy 56
FORCE BALANCE, WEIGHT VERSUS PRESSURE 57
Forces Vertical 57
Forces Parallel to a Slope 58
Application to Glaciers 58
Forces Vertical, Pressures Partitioned over Two Areas 59
Weighted Mean Pressure 60
Generalization 61
Weighted Mean 62
FORCE BALANCE, SHEAR STRESS VERSUS WEIGHT 62
Force Balance, One Shear Stress and Weight 63
Force Balance, Two Shear Stresses and Weight 64
FORCE BALANCE, SHEAR STRESS VERSUS PRESSURE 65
FORCE BALANCE: SHEAR STRESS, WEIGHT, AND PRESSURE 67
Force Balance with Moving Body 67
Vertical Torpedo, or Submerged Vertical Pencil 67
Pyrenees 69
SUMMARY AND GENERALIZATIONS 71
STRESSES AT AN INTERFACE 74
Three Dimensions 76
Planes Oblique to Each Other 77
CHANGE OF STRESS FROM POINT TO POINT 77
Stress Fields 78
The Stress Field in a Fluid at Rest in a Gravity Field 78
Contents X i
The Stress Field in a Fluid Subject to Gravity Plus Extra
Horizontal Compression 79
The Stress Field Beneath an Undulating Topography 79
Summary 81
ANSWERS 81
Chapter 4
Variation of Stress with Direction 09
STRESS ON OBLIQUE PLANES 91
The Calculation Process 92
Stresses at a Point 92
Area Ratios 92
Summary 95
MOHR CIRCLE AND SINE-WAVE DIAGRAM FOR STRESSES 95
Summary of Stress Relations 98
Connection with Mohr Circle 98
REFRACTION OF STRESS 98
Generalizations 100
STRESS RELATIONS IN THREE DIMENSIONS 100
ANSWERS 101
Chapter 5
Rheology: Relations Between Forces and a Material s
Response i7 /
SHEAR STRESS, SHEAR STRAIN, AND VISCOSITY 113
Is Plate Tectonics True? 115
Summary and Comment 116
Relation of GTU and G VU to Standard Units 116
NORMAL STRESSES AND LINEAR STRAINS 11 7
Shale and Limestone Layers Spreading at Different Rates 121
Coherent and Incoherent Interfaces 121
Summary and Comment 123
A ROCK HAS VARIABLE VISCOSITY 123
Variation in Shear Stress 124
Summary 127
PRINCIPAL STRESS INCLINED TO AN INTERFACE 127
Refraction 129
Observables at an Interface 130
Refraction of Cleavage 130
ALTERNATING MULTILAYERS AND ANISOTROPY 131
Summary 134
Angular Relations 134
STRAIGHT-LIMBED FOLDS 135
Rounded Folds and Saddle Reefs 137
Behavior of Multilayers 138
XII Contents
CHANGE OF VOLUME 140
Permeability 143
Flow Rates 144
Permeability and Darcy s Law 145
Nonuniform Pressure Gradients 147
Column of Sediment 147
Generalization 149
Solution Transfer 150
Direction of Shortening and Direction of Escape 150
Special Cases 152
Summary 154
ANSWERS 155
Chapter 6
Parting 767
TWO KINDS OF PARTING: THE FAILURE ENVELOPE 169
Experimental Arrangements 169
Stress Magnitudes 173
ATTITUDES OF FAULTS AND FRACTURES 174
INHOMOGENEOUS ROCK AND THRUST SHEETS 175
Slip on Bedding Planes 175
Tapered Slab 176
Wedge-Shaped Thrust Sheets 177
Wedge with Inclined Base 179
EFFECT OF PORE FLUID ON PARTING 183
Tensile Parting 183
Hydrofracture and Vein Formation 184
Shear Parting 187
A Rock s Response Affects Its Properties 189
Effective Stress 190
Tensile Parting 190
Shear Fracture 190
Effective Coefficient of Friction 191
Summary 192
ANSWERS 193
Chapter 7
Concurrent Fracture and Flow 205
LINKS BETWEEN THE PROCESSES 207
Change of Temperature and Pressure 208
Summary 208
A MOHR DIAGRAM FOR FLOW BEHAVIOR 209
Stress Points 209
Failure Envelope Using Stress Points 209
Flow Behavior Using Stress Points 210
Summary 212
Contents XÜi
EFFECT OF PORE FLUID ON FLOW BEHAVIOR 212
Effect of Fluid Pressure on Behavior 213
First Example: Strike-Slip Regime 213
Flow Rates 216
Summary 217
Effect of Fluid Composition and Amount 217
A Changing Population of Microfractures 218
Fluid Amount and Microfracturing 219
CONCLUDING EXAMPLE: THE PYRENEES 220
Assembling the Parts 221
Source of the Fluid 222
A Unified Mechanics 224
Fluid Pulses and Dilation 226
Review and Summary 227
ANSWERS 230
APPENDICES
A. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 233
B. PRECISION AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 235
C. WEIGHTS AS UNITS OF FORCE 237
D. EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON ROCK DEFORMATION 239
E. BOOKS ON RELATED MATERIAL 243
INDEX 245
UNITS (see inside back cover)
|
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Bayly, Brian Verfasser aut Mechanics in structural geology Brian Bayly New York u.a. Springer 1992 XIII, 253 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Strukturgeologie (DE-588)4225664-1 gnd rswk-swf Mechanik (DE-588)4038168-7 gnd rswk-swf Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd rswk-swf Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd rswk-swf Strukturgeologie (DE-588)4225664-1 s Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 s DE-604 Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 s Mechanik (DE-588)4038168-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003388416&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bayly, Brian Mechanics in structural geology Strukturgeologie (DE-588)4225664-1 gnd Mechanik (DE-588)4038168-7 gnd Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4225664-1 (DE-588)4038168-7 (DE-588)4126903-2 (DE-588)4020227-6 |
| title | Mechanics in structural geology |
| title_auth | Mechanics in structural geology |
| title_exact_search | Mechanics in structural geology |
| title_full | Mechanics in structural geology Brian Bayly |
| title_fullStr | Mechanics in structural geology Brian Bayly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanics in structural geology Brian Bayly |
| title_short | Mechanics in structural geology |
| title_sort | mechanics in structural geology |
| topic | Strukturgeologie (DE-588)4225664-1 gnd Mechanik (DE-588)4038168-7 gnd Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Strukturgeologie Mechanik Geomechanik Geologie |
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