The cradle of the war: the Near East and Pan-Germanism
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Boston
Little, Brown
1918
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The cradle of the war |b the Near East and Pan-Germanism |c by H. Charles Woods |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston |b Little, Brown |c 1918 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 360 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PAOS
Foreword by
Α.
Lawrence
Lowell
. · ·
.vii
Preface
·········· ix
List op Illustrations
.....1 ·
The Near East before the Great War
....
Historical summary of events prior to the re-establish¬
ment of the Ottoman Constitution in
1908 —
American
missions in Turkey
—
Earlier German intrigues
—
The
advent of the New
Régime
in Turkey
—
The Bulgarian
declaration of independence
—
The annexation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina by Austria
—
Effect of the Young Turk¬
ish revolution in the Ottoman Empire
—
Reasons for
Christian discontent with the New
Régime
—
The Turco-
Italian war
—
Formation of the Balkan League
—
The
first Balkan war
—
Differences between Bulgaria and her
neighbours
—
The second Balkan war
—
Pan-German
policy from
Π
Serbia and Montenegro in thjb War
.... 41
Necessity for an outlet on the Adriatic
—
Results of
the Balkan wars
—
The murder of the Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
—
The Potsdam Conference of July
5,1914 —
The Austrian ultimatum
—
Campaigns of
1914-1915 —
The typhus scourge
—
Attitude towards Bulgaria
—
Re¬
treat to the Adriatic
—
The
rôle
of Serbia in
1914 —
Re-
cent Montenegrin history
—
Montenegro and the War.
xvi CONTENTS
Ш
PAGI)
Turkey and the War
. . . . . . .59
Turco-Greek relations
—
Growth of German influence
at Constantinople
—
Scheme for Armenian reforms
—
Situation immediately after the outbreak of War
—
Germanic intrigues
—
Allied difficulties
—
Arrival of
Goeben and
Breslau
at Constantinople
—
Events im¬
mediately leading to the entry of Turkey into the
European conflagration
—
The Armenian massacres of
1915 -■—
The Russo-Turkish operations in northeastern
Asia Minor
—
The Mesopotamian campaign
—
The
British advance in Palestine.
IV
Bulgaria and the War
....... 89
Recent history
—
Effect of the Balkan Wars
-—
Concessions required by Bulgaria
—
Importance of
geographical position
—·
Value to both groups of belliger¬
ents
—
Negotiations preceding the entry of Bulgaria into
the War
—
Attitude of the Allies.
ROUMANIA AND THE WaR
.. . .
9
; . . . 105
Special position of Roumania
—
The Bessarabian,
Transylvanian, and Dobrudjan questions
—
Difficulties
after the outbreak of the War
—
German determination
to force Roumania into the War on one side or other
—
Events of
1916 —
Roumanian military system
—
The
plan of campaign
—
Russian faithlessness—
*
Peace
ternas
imposed by the Central Powers.
Greece
.»^^^^^^}
-*,*, >
7/ї.У[*^^*у
I·
Recent histor^^r^
ÄC-
Venezeios and King George
^—
The protective rights of England, France, and Russia
-*-—■
CONTENTS xvii
PAGE
The Graeco-Serbian Treaty
—
The mentality of the
Greeks
—
The attitude of King
Constantine
—
Patriot¬
ism of M. Venezelos
—
The Aegean Island question
—
First struggle between the King and M. Venezelos
—
Second retirement of M. Venezelos
—
Allied attitude
towards Greece
—
Abdication of King
Constantine
—
Return to power of M. Venezelos.
vn
Albania and the Albanians
. . . . . .153
Importance of the country
—
Creation of the Prin¬
cipality
—
General geographical description
—
Nation¬
ality, religion, and language
—-
The Balkan Wars
—
Regime of Prince William of
Wied
—
The European War
—
The Italian occupation of the south
—
The future.
VHI
Military Highways of the Balkans
.... 174
General description of the Balkan Peninsula
—
Turkish opposition to railways
—
The Danube as a
thoroughfare for military traffic, and as an obstacle to
through communication
—
The Belgrade-Constanti¬
nople trunk route
—
The Nish-Salonica railway
—
The
Luleh Burgas-Satonica and the Salonica-Monastir
lines
—-
Roumanian railways
—
Serbian railways
—
Bul¬
garian railways
—
Turkish communications
—
Bosnian
railways
—
Communications between the Adriatic coast
and the interior
—
Railways and roads between Old
Greece and the remainder of the peninsula
—
Routes
leading into Bulgaria from the south and southwest.
IX
The Dardanelles Campaign
......
Imp^ position of Constantinople
—
General
objects of the campaign
—
The land defences of the
xviii CONTENTS
РЛОВ
Turkish capital
—
The Bosphorus and its defences
—
Description of the Dardanelles
—
The Peninsula of
Gallipoli and its defences
—
The Asiatic coast and its
defences
—
Disadvantageous position of an attacking
fleet
—
Earlier naval operations
—
Events following
landings of April
25 —
The
Su
via Bay operations
—
Three misconceptions
—
Necessity for withdrawal of
expeditionary force
—
Results achieved.
The Riddle of
Salónica
....... 244
Objects of the undertaking
—
General description
of Macedonia
—
Port and town of
Salónica
—
The
climate
—
Importance of the
Vardar
Valley
—
Area
immediately surrounding city
—
Significance of the
Rhodope Balkans
—
Country to the northwest of
Saló¬
nica
—
Original Allied attempt to advance up the
Vardar
Valley
—
The passive defence of
Salónica
—
The ad¬
vance upon and capture of Monastir
—
Difficulties of
the campaign
—
Results.
XI
The Bagdad Railway and the War
....
Military importance of line
—
Earlier suggestions
for a railway across Asiatic Turkey
—
Pan-German
reasons for a line from the Bosphorus to the Persian
Gulf
—
Present state of completion
—
Historical and
political accounts of the line
—
Smyrna-Afiun
Karahissar
railway
—
Smyrna-Aidin and Mudania-Brusa lines
——
Bagdad railway concession of
1903—-
The Taurus
section
—
Concession for railway to and port of Alex-
andretta -—The Amanus section
—
Anglo-Germano-
Turldsh negotiations,
1Ô1S-Í014
—
Facilities for travel
----
Cost of
thé
railway to Turkey
—
The great southern
arm or Syrian railways
-—
Bearing of coming im¬
provements upon Allied operations
—
Tbe future.
CONTENTS xix
хп
PAOB
Mittel-Europa .........
SIO
The Lichnowsky disclosures
—
Changed Germanic
objects after the outbreak of the War
—
Methods
employed for their realization
—
Enemy successes in
the East
—
Necessity for the creation of an Anti-
German barrier
—
True basis of a permanent Balkan
peace
—
Salónica
and Constantinople after the War
—
The future of Turkey.
Postscript
. ........337
Some Useful Publications on the Same Subject
. . 339
Index
........... 343
INDEX
Abdul Hamid, 7, 8, 12.
Achí Baba,
234.
Adabazar, 278.
Adjud, 196.
Adrianople, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 59, 60,
90 ;
road from
Jamboü
to,
202,
Adrianople, Station
of,
192
η.
Adriatic Sea, question of,
27, 331 ;
commanding position of Albania
with reference to,
153 ;
plans for
running railway from the Danube
to,
205, 206;
railways from the
lower coast of, to the interior,
206-
209.
Aegean Islands, disposition of, by
the London Ambassadorial Con¬
ference,
34, 35, 00, 61 ;
the ques¬
tion of,
137 ;
and Germany,
314 ;
possible disposition of, after the
War,
333.
Aehrenthal, Count, and the proclama¬
tion of Bulgarian independence,
9,
10;
and the annexation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
10, 11.
Afghanistan,
323.
Afiun Karabissar*
279, 280.
Ahmed Djemal Pasha,
66, 70.
Ahwaz,
78, 80.
Ain
Safar,
304.
Akaba,
85.
Ak
Kupra,
288.
Albania, under the New Regime,
18,
19, 164, 165;
Northern, campaign
in Balkan War,
25, 26 ;
autonomy
fór,
agreed upon by London Con¬
ference,
27, 33 ;
and Scutari,
34 ;
difficulty of fixing frontiers of,
34 ;
significance of
establishment
of,
..;: 39 ;
geographical and political
importance of,
1Ş3,
164;
the
question of, an important problem,
154
í
geographical
limita
öl* 154-
і
156;
creation of Principality of,
155, 166 ;
geographical description
of,
156, 157 ;
its position in the
Ottoman Empire,
158, 159 ;
under
the Old
Régime,
164;
under the
régime
of Prince William of
Wied,
167—169 ;
the northern part of,
overrun by
Austro-Germana, 169f
170 ;
the southern part of, occu¬
pied by the Italians,
170-172;
a State, proclaimed by Colonel
Descoin,
170;
improvement in
conditions in, made by Italians,
171,172 ;
probable future status of,
172, 173 ;
routes in,
207-209, 337 ;
operations in, as affected by occu¬
pation of Monastir,
266, 267 ;
in¬
dependence of, supported by Ger¬
many and justified,
313 ;
possible
frontiers of, after the War,
330,
331 ;
present goal of Allies in,
337,
338.
Albanians, utilised by Young Turks
to demand constitution,
8;
occu¬
pations of,
156;
nationality of,
157 ;
descendants of the Illyrians,
158;
character of,
159, 160;
two
groups of,
160 ;
religion of,
160,
161 ;
language of,
161-164 ;
and
the Balkan Wars,
165-167.
Aleppo,
272, 276, 276, 291, 293, 294,
303.
Alexander, King, of Greece,
148.
Alexandretta,
272, 291-293, 315.
Allies, The, diplomacy of, in reference
to Bulgaria and Serbia,
51, 52;
difficulties of, in Turkey,
65, 66;
and Qoeben and
Breslau, 69 ;
im¬
portance to, of an understanding
with Bulgaria,
94, 95;
difficult
position of, with relation to Bul¬
garia,
98 ;
discussion
of states-
344
INDEX
manship
of, in the
Balkan
question,
102-104, 246 ;
influence bearing
upon their attitude toward Greece,
130 ;
negotiations of, for conces¬
sions by Greece,
140;
troops of,
landed in Greece,
142 ;
difficulties
of their relationship with Greece,
143 ;
blockade Greek coasts,
145 ;
land troops at Piraeus,
146 ;
diffi¬
culties of the policy of, in the
matter of the Greek king,
148 ;
justification of their act of causing
the Greek king to abdicate,
149,
150 ;
present goal of, in Albania,
337, 338.
Amanian Gates,
293.
Amanus Range,
274, 275, 293, 294.
Amara,
80.
America, respect for, in Armenia,
Bulgaria, and Albania,
5.
American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions, establish¬
ments of, in Asia Minor,
xiv, 5.
Amman,
305.
Anatolian Railway, 27&-278,
282.
Andorra,
54.
Andriyevitza,
207.
Anglo-Persian Oil Company,
78.
Angora,
276-278, 283.
Anti-German barrier in the East,
question of,
xi. 324-326.
Anti-Lebanon, the,
304.
Antioch,
293.
Antivari,
39, 55, 206.
Antivari-Virbazar Railway,
206.
Anasac Beach,
234.
Arabian Independentist Movement,
85.
Arda River,
259.
Arjish River,
119.
Armenia, part of, annexed to Russia,
2 ;
in the Treaty of Berlin,
3, 4 ;
Turkey s treatment of,
б
;
scheme
for reforms in,
63, 64;
reign of
terror in,
64, 70-72 ;
British,
French, and Russian interests in,
315.
Armenians, massacre of,
4, 5, 64,
70-72, 290;
future safety of,
should be assured,
335.
Asia Minor» railways of. See Rail¬
way, Railways.
.
Austria-Hungary, on Cretan ques¬
tion withdraws from Concert of
Europe,
7 ;
and the Bulgarian
declaration of independence,
9, 10 ;
relation of, to Germany, affected
by the annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
10, 11 ;
relation of
Serbia to, affected by Bosnian
annexation,
11 ;
attitude of, on
Adriatic question,
2? ;
status of
Serbia and Montenegro after the
Balkan Wars a source of disappoint¬
ment to,
43 ;
intended to attack
Serbia in
1913, 44 ;
her ultimatum
to Serbia,
45, 46 ;
crises between
Montenegro and,
55 ;
hated by
Montenegrins,
56 ;
her striving for
influence in Albania,
154 ;
future
of,
324, 325.
Austrians, their first invasion of
Serbia in August,
1914, 47;
their
second invasion of Serbia in Sep¬
tember,
1914, 48 ;
defeated by
Serbians,
48, 49 ;
take Mt. Lov-
tchen,
57.
Aviona,
153, 157, 169-171, 208, 266.
Babuna Pass,
262, 266.
Bagche tunnel,
294.
Bagdad,
79, 81-83.
Bagdad Loan Contract,
284, 286.
Bagdad Railway, concession, followed
Emperor s visit to Constantinople,
7, 281 ;
use of, by Turks in Meso-
potamian campaign,
85 ;
military
importance of,
271, 272 ;
Ger¬
many s scheme for,
271, 272, 292;
objects of, military,
272 ;
earlier
projects for,
272, 273 ;
signing of
charter of,
282;
features of Con¬
vention of
1903, 283 ;
financial
ar¬
rangemente,
283, 284 ;
from
Konia
to Eregli,
285 ;
delays after com¬
pletion of first section,
286, 287 ;
description of the Taurus section-,
287-291;
the Alexandretta line,
291-293;
the Amanus section,
293-295;
new Conventions of
March
19, 1911, 295-298;
sec¬
tions completed or not since the
new Conventions,
295—297 ;
sec¬
tion from Bagdad to Persian Gulf,
297;
agreement of Tsar and Kai¬
ser in
1910
relative to,
297, 298 ;
Anglo-Germano-Turkish negotia-
INDEX
S45
ţions
in 1913
and
1914, 298;
facu¬
lties for travel on,
299—301 ;
journey
from London to Bombay,
299, 300 ;
conveniences of travel by,
300,
301 ;
cost of, to Turkey,
301, 302 ;
military results of,
302, 303 ;
pro¬
jected improvements in, affected
Allied campaign in Mesopotamia,
307, 308 ;
future of,
309 ;
arrange¬
ment between Sir Edward Grey
and Prince Lichnowsky concern¬
ing,
314-316.
Baiburt,
75.
Baku,
323.
Balance of Power,
37, 38.
Balkan alliance,
20-25, 39, 41, 90,
128.
Balkan Barrier, question of,
325, 326.
Balkan Peninsula, description of,
174—176 ;
the meeting-place of
East and West,
176, 177;
a land
of contrasts,
178 ;
climate of,
178,
179 ;
travelling and accommoda¬
tions in,
181 ;
railways and roads
of,
186-213;
rivers of,
213, 214.
See Balkans.
Balkan Question, the occasion of the
War,
vii,
ix,
χ
;
principles to be
observed in settling,
326, 327, 333 ;
suggested definition of boundaries
of the different nationalities,
327—
333.
Balkan Range,
175.
Balkan War, First, beginning and four
campaigns of,
25,26 ;
Second,
30—33,
38, 264;
opposed by Powers,
36;
possibilities of,
37;
summary of
causes and
resulte
of,
38, 39 ;
result
of, for Montenegro,
56.
Balkans, the, importance of condi¬
tions in,
* 1 ;
the Danger Zone of
Europe,
1 ;
war of
1877
in,
2 ;
far-
reaching importance of events in,
from
1908
to close of Balkan Wars,
35;
mentality of Governments
of,
103.
See Balkan Peninsula.
Banat,
the,
107, 327.
Basra,
79, 80, 83, 283, 297, 299, 315.
Batum,
76, 322.
Bavaria,
131.
Bayazid,
73.
Beersheba,
87, 276.
Beikoe,
222-224.
Beirut,
273, 304.
Beirut-Damascus-Hauran Railway,
304.
Belgrade, attacked by Austrians,
47 ;
surrendered,
48 ;
retaken,
49 ;
again taken by the enemy,
53.
Belgrade-Constantinople Railway,
187-189.
Berane,
207.
Berat, 208, 267.
Berchtold, Count,
44, 316.
Berlin, Congress of
(1878), 3 ;
Treaty
of
(1878), 3, 184, 185, 188;
Rou-
mania at Congress of,
107.
Berlin-Constanza
Expressy
195.
Beshik Dagh,
254, 256.
Bessarabia, question of,
106, 107,327 ;
partly annexed to
Roumanià,
125.
Beyshehr, Lake,
285.
Bible, the, translated into
Albánián,
163.
Bibliography,
339-341.
Bieberstein, Baron Marshal
von,
appointment .of, as Ambassador
in Constantinople,
6, 281 ;
clever¬
ness and regardlessness of,
35 ;
recalled from Constantinople,
36;
his instructions,
311.
Bir Auja,
276, 307.
Bismarck, retirement of,
6.
Bistritza River,
265.
Bitlis,
75.
Bitlis Gap,
75.
Bitumen, mine in Albania,
156.
Black Sea,
321.
Bocche di Cattar©,
178, 331.
Bokára,
323.
Bolu,
278.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, revolt in,
1 ;
annexation of,
9-11 ;
roads and
railways of,
204, 205;
future of,
331.
Bosnish
Brod,
204.
Bosphorus, the,
216, 220;
description,
of,
221, 222;
forts of,
222, 223;
future status of,
334.
Bosra,
305.
Bourchier, James D.,
21, 326
n.
Bouvet,
233.
Boyana
River,
207, 213, 214.
Bozanti, Vale of,
288, 290,
Boxanti
Han,
290.
Brăila,
119, 182, 184, 196.
S46
INDEX
Breslau,
arrival at Constantinople,
68 ;
so-called purchase of,
69 ;
how presence at Constantinople
might have affected the Darda¬
nelles campaign,
235.
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
(1918), 76,
321.
Bright, John,
%. .
British and Foreign Bible Society,
162.
British
Setorial
Service,
xiv.
Briosi*»
railway concessions to,
277,
279, 281. 291, 306.
Brasa,
281.
Buchán»
John, Roumanian events
described by,
115, 116.
Bucharest, Treaty of
(1913), 31, 32,
111
;
Peace of
(1812),
disposition
ctf Moldavia and Wallachia made
by,
106;
taken by the Germans,
119.
Bucharest-Suczawa Railway,
196 ;
branches of,
196.
Bukovina,
the,
107, 327.
Bulair,
236-238.
Bulair
Linee,
227.
Bulgaria, Principality of, created,
2 ;
Eastern Roumelia incorporated
in,
4 ;
declaration of independence
of,
9, 10;
and Turkey, Russian
settlement of difficulties between,
in
1909, 11, 12;
attitude of the
Government at the beginining of
the Turco-Italian War,
19, 20 ;
agrees to proposals from Greece,
21 ;
makes Treaty of Alliance
with Secret Annex with Serbia,
21-
23, 329, 330 ;
military convention
between Serbia and,
23;
treaty
with Greece made by, in
1912,
24 ;
military convention between
Greece and,
24 ;
relations to Greece
at the outbreak of the War,
24, 25;
.·
in the first Balkan War,
25, 28;
Btrained relations of Serbia and, as
result of the Adriatic question,
27,
28;
and the Second Balkan War,
30,31 ;
in the Treaty of Bucharest.
31, 32;
in the Treaty of Constan¬
tinople,
32; 33 ;
position of, at the
end of the Balkan Wars,
39;
at¬
titude of Serbia regarding con¬
cessions to,
51;
entry of, into the
War,
53 ;
improving relations with
Turkey,
62 ;
a young state,
89 ;
increase in prosperity of,
89 ;
area
of, before the Balkan Wars,
89 ;
area of, after the Balkan Wars,
89,
90 ;
on strained terms with Serbia
and Greece after the Balkan Wars,
90;
attitude of, toward Serbia,
Greece, and Roumania, on the one
hand, and toward Turkey on the
other, at the beginning of the War,
91, 92 ;
conditions required by,
92, 99 ;
war importance of, due
largely to her geographical posi¬
tion,
93 ;
her importance out of
proportion to her fighting efficiency,
93, 94 ;
was able to immobilise
military forces of her neighbours,
94 ;
importance to the Allies of an
understanding with,
94, 95 ;
value
of, to the Central Powers,
95 ;
general considerations regarding
the concessions required by,
95,
96 ;
Germanic intrigue in,
97, 98 ;
relations of Turkey and,
97, 98;
question of agreement between
Central Powers and,
98;
negotia¬
tions preliminary to entrance of,
into the War,
99, 100;
mobilisa¬
tion ordered by,
100, 101 ;
object
of her entry into the War,
101, 102 ;
Allied statesmanship and,
102,
104;
and the Dobrudja,
110;
relations of, to Roumania with ref¬
erence to the Dobrudja,
110 ;
Allied
proposals for concessions from
Greece to,
140,141 ;
shows marked
contrast to Turkey,
177, 178;
railways of,
199-202 ;
roads lead¬
ing into,
210-214;
shut from
Aegean by strip of Greek territory,
248;
cause of her entrance into
the Second Balkan War,
264;
meaning to Germany of her en¬
trance into the War,
318;
the
author s suggestions as to fron¬
tiers of,
327, 328.
Bulgarian Exarchate, the,
2.
Bulgarians, massacre of,
2 ;
advance
of, into Roumanian territory,
116;
lose Monastir,
264-266.
Bulghar Dagh,
288.
Bulguriu,
285-287.
INDEX
347
Burgas,
200, 201.
Burgas Chai,
259.
Burhan Eddin,
Prince,
169.
Burney, Sir Cecil,
34.
Buyuk Chekmedche, Lake,
221.
Buyukdere,
220, 222.
Buzeu,
195, 196.
Buzeu Pass, the,
115.
Cape Abydos,
230.
Cape
Helles, 226.
Capitulations, Turkish, abolished.,
67,
Carol, King, of Roumania,
112.
Castellorizzo,
35, 60.
Cattaro,
57.
Caucasus campaign,
72—76.
Central Powers, the, reasons for
desiring to prevent disruption of
Turkey,
36;
propose decentralisa¬
tion of European Turkey,
36 ;
gain
to, of alliance of Bulgaria,
95 ;
ques¬
tion of agreement between Bul¬
garia and,
98.
See Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Tur¬
key.
Cerna
Voda,
109, 110, 118, 182, 183,
194, 196.
Cettinje,
54 ;
taken
Ъу
the Austrians,
57 ;
railway to,
206.
Chakra
Su
River,
288.
Chalkis Peninsula,
254-256.
Chanak,
224, 227-229, 237.
Charshembe River,
285.
Chatalja Lines, the,
25, 220, 221.
Chéradame, André, on
Bagdad Hail-
way,
282.
Chesney, Colonel,
272, 273.
Chios,
61, 138.
Chirol, Sir Valentine, his Middle
Eastern Question*
282.
Chiulnitza-Slobodzie-Ployesti Rail¬
way,
195.
Chunuk Bair Ridge,
234, 235.
Cilician Gates,
288, 290.
Cilician Plain,
290, 293.
Cirpan,
201.
College for Girls at Constantinople,
5.
Cologne,
171, 266.
Committee of the Bulgarian Internal
Organisation, memorandum of,
17, 18.
Committee of Union and Progress,
8,
12,13*15-17,59,66.
Conference of London
(1830), 131.
Congress of Berlin
(1878), 3.
Congress of London, first
(1912), 26;
second
(1913), 28.
Congress of Vienna
(1815), 184.
Constantine,
King, of Greece, reason
for popularity of,
134 ;
flattered
by attentions of the Kaiser,
134 ;
reasons for his policy of neutrality,
135 ;
detested
Venérelos,
135, 136 ;
unable to forget personal feelings,
135, 136 ;
first struggle between
Venezelos and,
138 ;
his insistence
on neutrality,
143 ;
abdicates,
148.
Constantinople, Treaty of
(1913),
32, 33 ;
terminus of Belgrade-Con¬
stantinople route,
187, 189;
im¬
portance of position of,
216 ;
land
defences of,
220, 221 ;
Lines of,
220 ;
the Chatalja Lines,
220, 221 ;
the
Bosphorus forts,
221-223 ;
forming
connection with the East for Ger¬
many,
321, 322 ;
future disposi¬
tion of,
334.
Constanza,
109, 110, 118, 183, 312,
322.
Constanza-Verciorova Railway,
194,
195.
Conventionnel ,
the,
188.
Corfu,
53.
Crajova,
118.
Crete, autonomous
régime
granted
to,
4.
Crimean War, the,
2.
Croatia,
331.
Ctesiphon,
79.
Cyprus, lease of, to Great Britain,
3 ;
possible future dispomtkm of,
333.
Dalmaţia,
331.
Damascus,
276, 304.
Danube, the, description of,
181, 182 ;
importance of, as thoroughfare and
as obstacle to communication,
182,
183 ;
viaduct across, at
Cerna
Voda,
183 ;
railways running to,
183,
195, 196, 199, 200;
international
status of,
184 ;
work of the Danube
Commission,
184, 185 ;
the larger
political status of,
185, 186;
plans
for running railway from the
348
INDEX
Adriatic to,
205, 206;
in part
natural frontier of Roumania,
327.
Dardanelles, the, description of,
223,
224 ;
forts of,
223-227, 229, 230 ;
unfavourable position of fleet try¬
ing to force,
231, 232 ;
future status
of,
334.
Dardanelles, town of,
228.
Dardanelles Campaign, the conduct
of,
139, 140, 240 ;
the
raison
ďetre
and the cause of,
215, 216 ;
prob¬
able far-reaching results of, if
successful,
216, 217;
caused by
important telegram from Russia,
217-219, 241, 242;
difficulties of,
219, 230, 239-241;
first stage
of (naval attack)
, 233 ;
second
stage of (operations beginning
April
25), 233, 234;
third stage of
(Suvla Bay operations)
, 234, 235 ;
question concerning possibility of
forcing Dardanelles without help
of troops,
235, 236 ;
question con¬
cerning undertaking of operations
on Asiatic shore,
236 ;
question
concerning a landing at Bulair,
236-238 ;
considerations contribut¬
ing to withdrawal from,
238 ;
gen¬
eral remarks on withdrawal from,
238, 239;
considerations for and
against,
241, 242 ;
result achieved
by,
242, 243.
Dede Agatch,
33,
91t
93, 98, 100, 176,
190-192.
Demir
Hissar,
191, 212, 248, 256,
262.
Demotdka,
33.
Denmark,
131.
Deportations, German policy of,
314.
Deraia,
276,305.
Derkos
Gol,
221.
Descoin,
Colonel,
170.
Deve Bair,
M t.,
213.
Diarbekr,
278, 295.
Dibra,
166, 208, 330.
Djavid Paaha,
18.
Djehun River,
291.
Dobrudja,
the, section of, desired by
Bułgaria,
91 ;
meaning of the
question of»
106, 109-111 ;
present
status of,
124;
special arrange¬
ments must be made for,
327.
Dodecannese Islands,
60.
Doiran, Lake,
262, 267.
Doiran-Ghevgeli Enclave,
140, 141.
Dorak,
289.
Dospat Dagh,
258.
Dounmés,
in
Salónica,
251.
Drama,
191, 211, 248.
Drin River,
176.
Dulcigno,
55, 213.
Durazzo,
153, 156, 169, 208, 338.
Eastern Roumelia, Province of, cre¬
ated,
2, 89;
incorporated in Bul¬
garia,
4.
Edward, King,
8.
Egerdir,
281.
Egypt, campaign near frontier of,
85—88 ;
attack on, made possible
by railway to
Bir
Auja,
307.
El-Arish,
86.
Elasona,
210.
Elbasan,
157, 208, 337.
El Fule,
307.
El Fule-Bir Auja Railway,
307.
England, attitude of, toward the
Treaty of
San Stefano,
3 ;
policy
of, during the thirty years follow¬
ing the Treaty of Berlin,
5, 6 ;
attitude of, toward reforms in
Ottoman Empire,
35, 36.
See
Great Britain.
Enos-Midia line,
32, 93, 327.
Enver Pasha,
59, 62, 66, 314.
Epirote
Independent
Government,
168.
Epirus, frontier of,
35;
the question
of,
170.
Eregli,
285.
Erivan,
76.
Егяегшп,
70, 73, 278 ;.
fall of,
74.
Er ¡ringan,
75.
Eskishehr,
279, 281.
Esead
Pasha,
168, 169. *
Es Salt, 305.
Falkenhayn, General von, 117, 119.
Fallieres,
President, 10.
Fateshti, 196.
Fateshti-Buzeu
Railway,
195.
Feluja,
275.
Ferdinand,
Prince, of Bulgaria, and
the declaration of Bulgarian
inde»
pendence,
9, 10 ;
visits King
Nicholas of Montenegro,
24;
glad
INDEX
349
of an argument in favour of a pro-
German policy,
98,
Ferisovitch, Congress at,
8.
Fitzmaurice, Lord (Lord
Edmond
Fitzmaurice)
,
his statement of the
boundaries of Albania,
155.
Fiume,
204.
Florina,
193, 261, 264, 265.
Fort Rüpel, surrender
of,
145, 262.
Forts,
defending Constantinople,
220,
221 ;
of the Bosphorus,
221-223 ;
of the Dardanelles,
223-227, 229,
230.
Fournet, Admiral
de, 146.
France, her relation to Greece,
130—
132.
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, murder
of, x,
44 ;
his murder inflammatory,
45 ;
action of Germany in connec¬
tion with,
316, 317.
French, railway concessions to,
279,
280, 303, 304, 306.
Frontiers, and strategic requirements,
principle to be observed in settling
the Balkan Question,
327.
Gaba
Tepe,
232, 234.
Galatz, 184, 185.
Galiko, River,
254.
Gallipoli, Peninsula of, importance of
Bulgaria to resistance in,
93 ;
land
communication with,
203 ;
dif¬
ficulties of the author in gaining
information about,
219;
descrip¬
tion of,
224, 225 ;
forte of,
226, 227.
GalHpoli, town oft
226.
Gaulois,
233.
Gaza,
86, 87.
George, King, of Greece, assassinated,
28 ;
his co-operation with M. Vene-
zelos,
128-130;
given title of
Roi
des Hellènes
by the Powers,
136.
Germany, policy of* in the East, after
the Treaty of Berlin»
6, 7 ;
on
Cretan question, withdraws from
Concert of Europe,
7;
support
given the Sultan by*
7;
and the
annexation of Bosnia and Herze¬
govina,
10,
it; secretly supports
Austria on Adriatic question»
27;
effeei <jf IHirkisbi Revolution of
1908
on prestige and power of» at
Constantinople,
36 ;
attitude of
,
toward reforms in Ottoman Em¬
pire,
35, 36 ;
her policy in the Bal¬
kan Wars,
37, 38 ;
her attitude
toward Austrian proposal to at¬
tack Serbia in
1913, 44 ;
Austrian
ultimatum to Serbia the work of,
45, 46 ;
growth of her influence in
Turkey,
62 ;
intrigues of, in Tur¬
key,
64—66 ;
succeeds in dragging
Turkey into the War,
67-70;
her
connection with the Armenian
massacres of
1915, 72 ;
intrigues
of, in Bulgaria,
97, 98 ;
long-stand¬
ing alliance of Roumania with,
111,
112;
intrigues to bring Rou¬
mania into the War,
113-115, 196 ;
purpose of her
Drang nach
Osten, 215;
her interest in the
Bagdad Railway and its route,
271, 272, 292;
railways of Asia
»
Minor connected with influence of,
277-282;
present War and
Mittel
Europa
scheme planned long be¬
fore by, x,
310;
so-called rivalry
between England and,
310;
pre¬
pared for the making of the War
at opportune time,
311 ;
the War
made by, to improve her position
in the East,
312;
her policy of
domination from Hamburg to the
Persian Gulf,
312, 313;
deter¬
mined on improvement in rela¬
tions to Turkey,
313, 314;
and
the Aegean Islands,
314;
en¬
courages Turks to expel Greeks
from Asia Minor,
314;
action of,
in connection with the murder of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in the
light of disclosures of Prince
lichnowsky and Doctor
Mühion,
316, 317;
initiation stage of
her intrigues in the East,
317;
changed plan of scheme after out¬
break of War,
317;
the con¬
summation policy of,
317—319;
her attitude toward Turkey, Bul¬
garia, Serbia, Greece, and Rou~
mania,
318, 319;
President Wil¬
son s statement of her claims in
the East,
320 ;
the extent to which
her
aime
have been realized,
320—
324;
a fresh door to the East
opened to,
321, 322;
is attempting
350
INDEX
to
dominate
from the Atlantic to
the Pacific,
323 ;
suggested ways of
barring her advance in the East,
324-326;
generally wrong in ap¬
preciation of larger aspects of the
War,
336.
Gidia,
193, 210, 261.
Giolitti,
Signor,
speech of, in the
Italian chamber,
44.
Giurgevo,
119-
Goeben, arrival at Constantinople,
68 ;
so-called purchase of,
69 ;
how
presence at Constantinople might
have affected the Dardanelles
campaign,
235.
Gorringe, General, operations of, in
Persian territory,
80 ;
takes
Amara,
80.
Gounaris,
M.,
138, 145.
Graeco-Serbian Treaty (June
1,1913),
29.
Granville, Earl,
155.
Gravosa,
204.
Great
Britam,
the Mesopotamian
campaign of,
77—85 ;
operations
of, near the Turco-Egyptian fron¬
tier and in Palestine,
85-88;
her
relation to Greece,
130—132 ;
so-
called rivalry between Germany
and,
310.
See England.
Greece, attitude of the Government
at the beginning of the Turco-
I
talian
War,
19, 20;
makes pro¬
posals to Bulgaria,
21 ;
treaty with
Bulgaria made by, in
1912, 24;
military convention between Bul¬
garia and,
24 ;
in the Balkan War,
26;
negotiates -with Serbia,
28;
enters into secret arrangement
with Serbia,
29 ;
makes treaty with
Serbia (June
1, 1913), 29;
in the
Treaty of Bucharest,
32 ;
and the
Aegean Islands,
34, 35;
and the
Epirus frontier,
35 ;
position of,
at the end of the Balkan Wars,
39;
effect on Serbia of policy of,
51 ;
crisis with Turkey over the
Aegean Islands,
60-62;
annexes
Chios and
Mityléně,
61 ;
purchases
battleships from America,
61 ;
importance of geographical posi¬
tion of Bulgaria with reference to,
04 ;
advantages to, of
concessione
to
Bulgari*,
96, 97;
misgovern-
ment and revolution in,
127 ;
con¬
trolled by Military League,
127;
successful statesmanship of M.
Venezelos in,
127, 128;
increase
of size of, as result of Balkan Wars,
128 ;
saved by co-operation of
King George and M. Venezelos,
128—130;
the influences upon her
attitude and that of the Allies
toward her,
130 ;
owes her exis¬
tence to the protection of England,
France, and Russia,
130-132;
declared independent,
131 ;
nature
of her treaty with Serbia,
132, 133 ;
Government of, must be influenced
by individual feelings of the people,
134 ;
importance of Aegean Island
question to,
137 ;
the first struggle
between Venezelos and the King,
138;
effect of the Dardanelles
campaign on policy of,
139, 140;
Allied negotiations for concessions
by,
140 ;
the period from October,
1915,
to June,
1917,
of great im¬
portance to,
141 ;
landing of Allied
troops in,
142 ;
the Allied attitude
toward,
143 ;
neutrality and
régîmes
of Zalmis and Skouloudis,
144, 145 ;
Allied blockade of coast
of,
145;
Allies land troops at
Piraeus,
146;
renewed blockade
of,
147;
King of, abdicates,
148;
wherein her case differs from that of
Belgium,
148, 149 ;
reorganisation
of Government and army,
151 ;
the future of,
151,152 ;
has striven
to denationalise the Albanians,
154 ;
and the Epirus question,
170 ;
railways and roads connecting
other countries to,
209, 210;
strip
annexed by, after Balkan Wars,
248 ;
how conditions in the coun¬
try helped the baffling of Allied
plans by,
260, 261;
Germany s
policy toward,
319;
question of
Bulgaro-Greek frontier,
328 ;
ques¬
tion of her frontiers after the War,
332, 333.
Greeks, persecuted and massacred
by Turks,
61;
the mentality of,
133, 134 ;
exportation of, from
Asia Minor,
314.
INDEX
351
Gregovitch,
M., attitude
of, at the
beginning of the Turco-Italian
War,
20.
Grey, Sir Edward (Lord Grey), at
the second peace congress,
29 ;
at the Ambassadorial Conference,
38 ;
views of Dardanelles campaign,
217 ;
his arrangement with Prince
Lichnowsky about the Bagdad
Railway,
314-316;
Allies should
follow his policy in the Balkans,
333.
Gruda,
tribe of,
331.
Gueshoff, M., attitude of, at the
beginning of the Turco-Italian
War,
20;
proposals concerning
Greece made to,
20, 21 ;
negotiates
with M. Spalaikovitch concerning
treaty with Serbia,
21 ;
Graeco-
Bulgarian Treaty published by,
24 ;
favours arbitration,
30.
Gulek Boghaz,
290.
Gumuljina,
191, 211.
Gumushhane,
75.
Gyimes Pass, the,
115, 118, 196.
Gyuveshevo,
201, 206, 212, 213, 258.
Hadrie,
256.
Haidar Pasha,
274.
Haidar Pasha (Scutari)-Ismid Rail¬
way,
277, 278, 281.
Haifa,
276.
Haifa Railway,
306.
HakM Pasha,
298.
Hama,
303.
Haškovo,
211.
Hedjaz, the,
302.
Hedjaz, King of,
88.
Hedjaz Railway,
87, 276, 306.
Helfferich, Doctor,
316, 317.
Hélif,
275, 287, 295, 296.
Hermannstadt, 117.
Herzegovina. See Bosnia.
Hindenburg,
von, 117.
Hindu Kush Range,
324.
Hirsch,
Baron,
187-189, 198.
Hohenlohe, Prince,
98.
Holland, Thomas Erskine, his The
European Concert in the Eastern
Question,
130.
Home,
304.
Hortach JDagh,
255/
Hoti, tribe of
, 331.
Illyriana, the,
158.
Imbros,
34, 60.
India,
323 ;
time from London to,
299, 300.
India, on Belgrade-Vienna Railway,
204.
India-Fiúmé
Railway,
204.
Inflexible,
233.
Ionian Bible Society,
163.
Ionian Islands,
131.
Ipek,
166.
Iron Gates,
182, 185.
IrresistibL·,
233.
Irrigation, ditches, in Mesopotamia,
84 ;
of plain of Kornia,
285.
Ishtib,
26.
Islahiya,
294.
Ismailia,
273.
Ismail Kernel Bey,
166.
Issus,
Plain of,
293.
Italy, opposed Austrian proposal of
action against Serbia in
1913, 44 ;
prevented action of Austria in Ser¬
bia,
50 ;
Dodecannese Islands in
the hands of,
60 ;
her interest in
Albania,
153;
and the Epirus
question,
170 ;
occupation of
southern Albania by,
170-172;
and southern Slavs, necessity of
harmony between,
331, 332.
Jackson, Doctor, and the typhus
epidemic in Serbia,
50.
Jacova,
166, 330.
Jadar, Battle of,
47.
Jaffa,
87.
Jaffa-Jerusalem Railway,
306.
Jagow,
Herr von, 316.
Jajce,
204.
Jamboli,
201, 202.
Janina,
26, 28, 170, 209, 210.
Jassy,
119.
Jerablus,
275 ;
bridge,
294.
Jerusalem, taken by British,
87;
importance of capture of,
87, 88 ;
and the Hedjaz Railway,
306.
Jews in
Salónica,
251.
Jonescu, Také,
108, 112.
Jonnart, M.,
147.
Julfa,
322.
Kaisariya,
278.
Kalabaka,
210.
INDEX
Kara Balkan,
258.
Karachi,
300.
Karagatch,
192
n.
Karaman,
285.
Karapunar,
287, 289.
Kara
Su River,
294.
Karasulu,
256, 257.
Karaviran, Lake,
285.
Karndash Bel,
287.
Kars, 76.
Katal Dagh,
176.
Katia,
86.
Kavala,
93, 94, 259;
allotted to
Greece,
32 ;
question of possession
of,
92, 96, 135, 140, 212, 248 ;
sur¬
render of, to Bulgaria,
145, 263 ;
should go to Bulgaria,
328.
Kelia Bay,
223.
Képhez
Point,
229.
Kerbela,
297.
Kermanshah,
76.
Keshan,
203.
Khanikin,
283, 296, 298.
Kharput,
276.
Khoja Chemen Dagh,
234.
Kiel Canal, ceremony of enlargement
of,
45.
Kighi,
75.
Kilid
Bahr, 224-228, 232.
Kilindir,
256.
Kilometric
guarantee,
180, 277, 278.
Kirk Kilissa,
33, 202.
Kitchener, Lord,
217, 241.
Kolomonda Dagh,
255.
Kolousheff, M-, Bulgarian Min¬
ister at Cettinje,
24.
Komanovo,
206,212, 213, 257 ;
battle
at,
26.
Konia,
railway to,
279, 281-283,
285 ;
irrigation of plain of,
285.
Korcha,
166, 170, 171, 209, 267.
Koweit,
77, 272.
Kozani,
210.
Krabe
M te.,
337.
Kraguyevatz,
48, 53.
Krasnovodsk,
323.
Krishim River,
259.
Kronstadt, 117.
Krusha Balkan,
254.
Kühlmann, Herr von, 311.
Kum Kale,
229.
Kuprukenie,
73.
Kuprulu
, 267, 266.
Kuprulu-Monastir
(proposed) Rail¬
way,
193.
Kurds,
159.
Kurna,
78-80.
Kut-el-Amara, 78-81.
Kyrias, Gerasim,
163.
Lake, Sir Percy,
82.
Lambros Ministry,
146.
Lamsaki,
228.
Larissa-Gidia Railway,
193, 210, 261.
Lausanne, Treaty of (October
12,
1912), 60.
Lebanon, the,
304.
Lichnowsky, Prince, importance of
his disclosures,
310;
purpose for
which he was sent to England,
310,
311 ;
disclosures prove that Ger¬
many made the War with a view
to the East,
312;
on the Near-
Eastern question,
312, 313 ;
on
appointment of
Liman
von
Sanders
to post in Turkish Army,
314 ;
his discussion of English attitude
toward the Bagdad Railway,
314,
316 ;
his proof that Germany uti¬
lized the murder of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand to promote the War,
316, 317;
on the Potsdam Meet¬
ing,
316.
Limpus, Admiral,
67, 228.
Lincoln, Abraham, on the American
view of slavery,
vii.
London, first peace congress of
(1912),
26 ;
second peace congress of
(1913),
28;
Treaty of
(1913), 29;
Treaty
of
(1883), 184.
London Ambassadorial Conference,
the,
27, 33, 38, 60, 155, 167, 208,
330.
Losnitza,
47.
Lowell Institute,
xi.
Luleh Burgas,
188, 189.
Luleh Burgas-Salonica Railway,
190,
191.
Lydda,
307.
Lynch, H. F.
В.,
291.
Lynch, Messrs., vessels of,
84.
Macedonia, in the Treaty of Berlin,
3;
massacre of
1903
in,
4;
after
the Murzteg Scheme of Reforms,
4, 5;
under the New
Régime,
l^
INDEX
353
18 ;
Central and Northern,
cam¬
paign
in,
25, 26 ;
Southern,
cam¬
paign
in,
25, 26 ;
disposition of,
in Treaty of Bucharest,
31 ;
dis¬
puted areas of,
51 ;
hard to con¬
sider as a concrete whole,
247, 248 ;
description of,
248, 267;
difficul¬
ties in the way of campaigning in,
267, 268.
Mackensen, General
von,
advances
into Serbia,
53 ;
advances into
Roumania,
116, 118, 119.
,
Maidos,
225-227, 232.
Makri Keuie,
220.
Malgara,
203.
Malissori
Revolution,
18, 19.
Maritza River,
176, 214.
Maritza Valley Railway,
191.
Marmora, Sea of,
217, 220.
Marshall, General Sir W. R.,
82.
Massacres, of Bulgarians,
1 ;
of
Armenians,
4, 5, 64, 70-72, 290;
of Greeks,
61.
Maude, Sir Stanley,
82.
Mecca,
87, 88 ;
Grand Shereef of
, 85.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duke
of,
98.
Medgidia,
194, 195.
Medina,
87, 88, 276, 305.
Mehrmann,
his
Diplomatischer Krieg
in
Vorder Asien/ 278.
Meissner Pasha,
305.
Mensdorff, Count,
316.
Mersina,
291.
Mersina-Adana Railway,
277, 291.
Merv,
323.
Mesopotamia, geography of,
78 ;
Sir Edward Grey s agreement with
Prince Lichnowsky concerning,
315.
Meeopotamian campaign,
77—85 ;
stages of,
79-82;
difficulties of,
83-85;
affected by Allied knowl¬
edge of projected improvements
in Bagdad Railway,
307, 308.
Messudiyeh, flagship of Admiral
LimpUB,
228, 229.
Mesta River,
259.
Mesta
Valley,
92.
Metsovo»
210.
Mezerib,
304.
Midia,
202.
Military League, power of, estab¬
lished in Greece,
127» 129.
Milne, General,
263.
Muovanovi
tch, M., attitude of, at
the beginning of the Turco-Italian
War,
20;
confers with M. Gues-
hoff,
21.
Minerva, shells Akaba,
85.
Mishitch, General,
264, 265.
Missionaries, American,
5.
Mitrovitza,
198, 205, 206.
Mittel Europa,
scheme of, planned
long before by Germany, x,
310 ;
change of plan in scheme of, after
the outbreak of the War,
317.
Mityléně,
61, 138.
Moglena
Mts.,
248, 260, 265.
Moldavia,
105.
Monaco,
54.
Monastir,
170, 206;
taken by the
Serbians,
26 ;
in Graeco-Serbian
Treaty,
29;
taken by Bulgarians,
54;
railway to,
193, 260;
road
from
Santi Quaranta
to,
209;
political importance of,
263, 264 ;
taken by the Allies,
263-266 ;
im¬
portance of capture of,
266, 267.
Monro, Sir Charles,
239.
Montenegro, attitude of the Govern¬
ment at the beginning of the Turco-
Italian War,
19, 20;
relations to
Bulgaria prior to the first Balkan
War,
24, 25;
relations to Serbia
before that war,
24 ;
begins the
Balkan War,
25;
in the Balkan
War,
26,28 ;
and Scutari,
33,34,57 ;
position of, at the end of the Balkan
Wars,
39 ;
size of,
54 ;
independ¬
ence of,
54;
form of government
of,
54 ;
recent history of,
54, 65 ;
under the Treaty of Berlin,
55 ;
crises between Austria and,
55 ;
result of Balkan Wars for,
56;
close relations with Serbia,
56 ;
Austria s hatred of,
56 ;
her part
in the War,
56-58;
loss of inde¬
pendence of,
57 ;
size of her army
and her losses,
58;
railways in,
206, 207.
Montenegro-Serbia, acquisitions of,
after the War,
331, 332.
Morava
River,
176, 253.
Mbrgenthau, Mr.
,
American Ambas¬
sador to Turkey, his account of
Turkish affairs,
45, 69
п.,
68
п.,
S54
INDEX
317 ;
confession
of Admiral Uzidon
to,
314.
Mosul,
275, 296.
Mount Ararat,
73,
Mount Kaimakchalan,
265.
Mt. Lovtchen,
57.
Mt. Olympus,
249.
Mudania-Brusa Railway,
280.
Muhammera,
78.
Mühion,
Doctor, his evidence that
Germany promoted the War,
316,
317.
Murzteg Scheme of Reforms,
4.
Musa Alla,
176.
Mush,
75.
Muslimiya,
294.
Mustafa Pasha,
98, 192.
Nagara Point,
227, 230.
Nasrieh,
78-80.
Nazim, Doctor,
13.
Near East, the Danger Zone of
Europe,
1.
See Balkan Penin¬
sular, Balkans.
Nedjef,
297.
Newbigin, Doctor Marion,
174.
Nicholas, Grand Duke,
73.
Nicholas, King, of Montenegro,
visited by King Ferdinand of
Bulgaria,
24 ;
his rule absolute,
54 ;
flight of,
57.
Nigde,
278.
Niksics,
206.
Nish, Serbian Government estab¬
lished in,
48 ;
taken by the enemy,
53.
Nish-Salonica Railway, the, 189t
190.
Nisibin,
275, 295.
Northern Bulgaria, created a prin¬
cipality,
89.
Nova
Zagora,
201.
Novibassar, Sanjak of,
26, 198.
Ocean,
233.
Odessa,
70, 321, 322.
Okjilar,
192.
Orenburg,
323.
Oriental Railway Company,
188.
Orşova,
119. . ·. .
Osmaniya,
293.
Ostrovo, Lake,
261, 264.
Otho, Prince, of Bavaria,
131, 135.
Otranto, Straits of,
153.
Paget, Lady, Red Cross mission of,
in Serbia,
50.
Palestine, Southern, advance of
British into,
86 ;
further advance,
87 ;
railways of,
276.
Palmerston, Lord,
2.
Palmyra,
273.
Pandemia,
280.
Paris, Treaty of
(1856),
disposition
of Bessarabia and Moldavia by,
106, 107 ;
definition of status of
Danube in,
184 ;
Treaty of
(1814),
184.
Pashkani,
196.
Persia,
73;
oil fields of,
77, 78;
Northern, agreement of Tsar and
Kaiser relative to,
298;
Germany
preparing to overrun,
320.
Persian Gulf, coasts of, arrangement
between Sir Edward Grey and
Prince Lichnowsky concerning,
315.
See Bagdad Railway.
Peshawar,
323.
Peter, King, of Serbia,
48.
Peterwardein,
182.
Petrograd,
Protocol of May,
1913, 92,
110, 327.
Philippopolis,
176.
Philippopolis-BurgaB Railway,
200,
201.
Pirot,
53.
Ployesti,
119, 196, 197.
Podgoritza,
206, 207.
Porto Lagos,
93, 191.
Potsdam Conference on July
5, 1914,
45, 316.
Prahov,
198, 206.
Predeal,
117.
Predeal
Pass, the,
115, 196.
Prevesa,
210.
Prilep,
266.
Prisrend,
53, 166, 208, 330.
Queen Elizabeth,
233.
Railway, the Belgrade-Constanti¬
nople,
187-189 ;
the Nish-Salonica,
189, 190;
the Luleh Burgas-Sa-
lonica,
190, 191 ;
the Maritza Val¬
ley,
191 ;
the Salonica-Monastir,
193, 255, 260 ;
the Kuprulu-Mon-
astir (proposed),
193;
the
Con¬
stanza-
Vercioro
va,
194, 195 ;
the
INDEX
955
Fateshti-Buzeu,
195 ;
the Chiul-
nitza-Slobodzie-PIoyesti,
195 ;
the
Riatra-Cainen,
195 ;
the Bucharest-
Suczawa,
196 ;
the Sofia-Varna,
199, 200;
the Philippopolis-Bur-
gas,
200, 201 ;
through the
Travná
Gap,
200;
the Sofia-Gyuveshevo,
201 ;
the Turnovo-Siemenli-Nova
Zagora,
201 ;
the India-Fiume,
204 ;
the
Antivari-
Virbazar,
206 ;
the Cattaro-Niksics,
206 ;
the
Uskub-Mitrovitza,
208 ;
the
Larissa-Gidia,
210, 261 ;
the
Vardar
Valley,
255, 257, 258 ;
the
Salónica
Junction,
255, 256 ;
to the Persian
Gulf, early projects for,
272-274;
reasons for Bosphorus-Persian Gulf
route,
273, 274;
Anatolian,
276,
277;
the Smyrna-Aidin,
277, 280,
281, 315 ;
the Smyrna-Cassaba,
277, 279, 280 ;
the Mersina-Adana,
277, 291;
the Haidar Pasha
(Scutari)-Ismid,
277, 278, 281 ;
the
Mudania-Brusa,
280 ;
to
Pandemia,
has played important part in War,
280 ;
the Beirut-Damascus-Hauran,
304 ;
the Hedjaz,
305 ;
the Haifa,
306;
the Jaffa-Jerusalem,
306;
the El Fule-Bir Auja,
307.
See
Bagdad Railway.
Railways, opposed by the Turks,
180;
to the Danube from north
and south,
183, 195 ;
military im¬
portance of,
190, 191, 193, 195,
196, 200-203;
working of, af¬
fected by Balkan Wars,
191, 192 ;
of Roumania,
194-197 ;
of Serbia,
197, 198;
of Bulgaria,
199-202;
in Turkish Thrace,
202 ;
of Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
204, 205;
pro¬
posed, for connecting the Danube
with the Adriatic,
205, 206;
from
the lower Adriatic coast to the
interior,
206-209 ;
in Montenegro,
206, 207*;
connecting Greece with
other countries,
209,210 ;
connecting
Salónica
with the interior,
255, 256 ;
in Macedonia, condition of, when
the Allies entered the country,
268 ;
of Asiatic Turkey, military and
political importance of,
274-277 ;
of importance for Germany for
reconquering Northeastern Asia
Minor,
276;
of Syria and Pales¬
tine,
276, 303-307 ;
in Asia Minor,
German influence in,
277-282.
Ramie,
306.
Rayak,
276, 303, 304.
Revolution, Young Turkish in
1908,
7-9, 12;
Malissori,
ЇЙ,
19.
See
Young Turkish Revolution.
Rhine, the,
184.
Rhodes,
60.
Rhodope Balkans,
26, 175 ;
signifi¬
cance of,
258, 259 ;
ways of pen¬
etrating,
259.
Riatra-Cainen Railway,
195.
Ripany,
188.
Riva,
223.
Rivers of the Balkan Peninsula,
213,
214.
Roads, in the Balkans,
178;
the
building of, opposed by the Turks,
180 ;
in Turkish Thrace,
202, 203 ;
in Montenegro and Albania,
206—
209, 337;
connecting Greece with
the outside world,
210 ;
leading into
Bulgaria,
210—214 ;
leading from
Salónica
into the interior,
256 ;
leading from the
Vardar
Valley
eastward,
259 ;
in Macedonia,
condition of,
268.
Robert College,
5.
Rodostó,
202, 203.
Rotherturm
Pass, the,
115, 117, 195.
Roumania, independence of, recog¬
nised,
2 ;
in the First and Second
Balkan Wars,
31 ;
significance of
her entry into Balkan politics,
39 ;
effect on Serbia of policy of,
61 ;
importance of geographical posi¬
tion of Bulgaria with reference to,
93, 94;
advantage to, of conces¬
sions to Bulgaria,
97 ;
two parts of,
105;
occupies important strategi¬
cal position,
105 ;
forms link be¬
tween Bast and West,
105 ;
policy
of,
105, 106;
and Bessarabian,
Transylvanien,
and Dobrudjan
questions,
106, 107 ;
foreign policy
of,
107, 108 ;
explanation of her
movements at her entry into the
War,
108 ;
took no part in the First
Balkan War, but took compensa¬
tion in the Dobrudja,
108, 109;
relations of, to Bulgaria with
ref-
356
INDEX
erenee
to tbe
Dobrudja
and the
Bulgaro-Roumanian frontier,
109-
111;
increase in size of, aa result
of Second Balkan War,
110,
111
;
difficult position of, after the out¬
break of the War, 111,
112;
long¬
standing alliance of, with Ger¬
many, 111,
112;
her probable
action if granted concessions by
Russia,
112, 113;
value of, to
Germany as a route to the south
and east,
113—115 ;
her entry into
the War,
115;
the northwestern
frontier of,
115 ;
advance of, into
enemy territory,
115 ;
advance of
enemy into territory of,
116, 117;
conquests of Central Powers in,
118-120;
military system of,
120,
121 ;
her plan of campaign,
121 ;
mitigating circumstances of her
campaign,
122 ;
international rea¬
sons for her disaster,
122, 123;
peace terms imposed upon,
123-
126,321 ;
importance to, of properly
defensible frontier on the south,
183 ;
description and strategical
significance of railways of,
194—
197;
Germany s policy toward,
319 ;
the author s suggestions as
to frontiers of,
327.
Royal Geographical Society,
xii, xiv.
Rumeli Hissar,
222.
Russia, policy of, during the thirty
years following the Treaty of Ber¬
lin,
5, 6 ;
her settlement of Turkish-
Bulgarian difficulties in
1909, 11,
12;
aimed to prevent Balkan
Wars»
36 ;
her position after the
Balkan Wars,
43, 44;
makes ar¬
rangement with Turkey respect¬
ing reforms in Armenia,
63 ;
Cau¬
casus campaign of,
72, 76 ;
under¬
takings of, according to Brest-
litovsk Treaty,
76;
relation to
Serbia, and Bulgaria,
98 ;
and the
question of concessions to Ron-
mania, 112>
113 ;
and the Rouma¬
nian disaster,
123 ;
her relation to
Greece,
130-132 ;
effect of im¬
portant
telegram
from, with ref¬
erence to Dardanelles campaign,
217-219, 241, 242 ;
agreement
with Kaiser relative to Bagdad
Railway and Persia,
297, 298;
no longer a menace to Germany,
320, 321.
Russians, advance into Turkey by
three routes,
73;
take Erzeruna,
74 ;
occupy entire route from
Erzerum to Trebizond,
75 ;
line
of, in Asia at high-water mark,
75.
Russo-Turkish War
(1877), 2.-
Rustchuk,
206 ;
cabinet council held
at,
9.
Sadi
j
eh,
283.
Salónica,
taken by the Greeks,
26 ;
in Graeco-Serbian Treaty,
29 ;
in
the Treaty of Bucharest,
32;
Allied landing at,
141 ;
Venezelos
forms Cabinet at,
146 ;
railway
from Nish to,
189, 190;
posi¬
tion of,
248-250;
harbour,
249,
250;
description of,
250;
popula¬
tion of,
250, 251 ;
fire of August,
1917, 251 ;
climate of,
252 ;
three
commercial routes into the interior
of the country from,
253 ;
area
closely surrounding,
254 ;
moun¬
tains in the neighborhood of,
254,
255 ;
railways and roads from, to
the interior,
255—258;
signifi¬
cance of Rhodope Balkans to,
258, 259 ;
favourable and unfavour¬
able conditions of area northwest
of,
260, 261 ;
disposition of, after
the War,
329, 330.
Salónica
campaign, partly result of
withdrawal from the Dardanelles,
95, 244 ;
objects of,
244-246 ;
first
stage of (attempt to advance into
the interior),
261, 262;
second
stage of (defensive),
262, 263;
third stage of,
263-267 ;
difficulties
of,
267-269;
results of,
269, 270.
Salonica-Dede Agatch Railway Com¬
pany,
212.
Salónica,
Gulf of,
249.
Salonica-Monastir Railway»
193.
Samara,
323.
Samarcand,
323.
Samarra,
276, 296.
Samos,
61, 138.
Sandeire,
General
Liman
voti,
62,
314.
INDEX
357
San Giovanni
đi
Medua, 153, 206,
207, 213.
San Marino, 54.
San Stefano,
Treaty of,
3, 107.
Santi Quaranta,
166, 171, 209.
Sari Bair,
234.
Sarikamish,
73.
Saros,
Gulf of,
225, 233, 237.
Save
River, 213.
Savoff, General, 31.
Sazonoff,
M.,
31.
Scanderbeg, Albanian hero,
158.
Scumbi River,
160, 176.
Scumbi Valley,
337, 338.
Scutari,
26 ;
taken by Montenegrins,
33;
question of,
34;
Government
moved to,
53 ;
permanent posses¬
sion of, desired by Montenegrins,
56;
annexed by King Nicholas,
57;
fertile plains near,
156;
size
of,
156 ;
Albanians obtain,
166 ;
connections with,
207.
Scutari, Lake,
207.
Sedd-el-Bahr,
226.
Seihun River,
291.
Selenitza,
156.
Semendria,
198.
Serajevo, x,
44, 178.
Serbia, independence of, recognised,
2 ;
policy of Count Aehrenthal as
affecting the relation of Austria to,
11 ;
attitude of the Government
at the beginning of the Turco-
Italian War,
19, 20;
makes
Treaty of Alliance with Secret
Annex with Bulgaria,
21-23, 329,
330;
military convention between
Bulgaria and,
23 ;
and Montenegro
before the Balkan War,
24 ;
in
the Balkan War,
25, 26;
and the
Adriatic question,
27;
strained
relations with Bulgaria as result
of the Adriatic question,
27, 28 ;
negotiates with Greece,
28 ;
de¬
mands revision of
Ser
bo-Bulgarian
Treaty,
28, 29;
enters into secret
arrangement with Greece,
29;
makes treaty with Greece (June
1,
1913), 29;
and the Second Balkan
War,
30, 31;
in the Treaty of
Bucharest,
32 ;
position of
,
at the
end of the Balkan Wars,
39 ;
her need of
»Л
outlet to the
Adriatic,
42 ;
her aim not attained
by the Balkan Wars,
42, 45 ;
the
annexation of Bosnia and Herze¬
govina a blow to her aspiration,
42 ;
the real source of danger to,
43 ;
Austrian ultimatum to,
45,
46 ;
first invasion of, in August,
1914, 47 ;
second invasion of, in
September,
1914, 48 ;
epidemic of
typhus in,
49 ;
internal disaffection
in the south of,
51 ;
her attitude
toward concessions to Bulgaria,
51 ;
diplomacy of Allies with ref¬
erence to Bulgaria and,
51, 52;
loss of independence of,
53, 54 ;
close relations with Montenegro,
56 ;
importance of her
rôle
in the
War,
58 ;
size of her army and her
losses,
58;
rapid subjugation of,
to what due,
93 ;
great advantages
to, of concessions to Bulgaria,
96 ;
concessions of, to Bulgaria,
99,
100 ;
nature of her treaty with
Greece,
132, 133 ;
railways of,
197, 198;
failure to save, due to
strategic position of the enemy,
246, 247;
Germany s policy to¬
ward,
318 ;
question of Bulgaro-
Serbian frontier,
328, 329.
Serbians, defeat Austrians,
48, 49;
retreat and transference of, to
Corfu,
53, 54.
Seres,
191, 253, 256, 262.
Seugudlu River,
259.
Shabatz,
47.
Shabatz-Losnitza Railway,
198.
Shat-el-Arab, the,
78, 83.
Shat-el-Hai Canal,
78, 79.
Shedna
Gora,
176.
Shustar,
78.
Siemens, Doctor,
282.
Silistria,
32, 92, 110, 116, 327.
Siminhan,
204.
Sinaia,
196.
Sistova,
206.
Sivas,
278.
Skouloudie, M.,
144, 146.
Slavery, the American view of,
vii;
the real cause of the Civil War,
VII.
Slavonia,
331.
Smyrna-Aidin Railway,
277, 280,
281 ;
arrangement between Sir
358
INDEX
Edward
Grey and Prince Lich-
nowsky concerning,
315.
Smyma-Cassaba Railway,
277, 279,
280.
Sofia,
176, 178, 253.
Sofia-Gyuveshevo Railway,
201.
Sofia-Varna Railway,
199, 200.
Spalaikovitch, M., negotiates with M.
Gueshoff,
21.
Spitza,
39, 55.
Strong, Doctor, and the typhus epi¬
demic in Serbia,
50.
Struma River, 212, 256, 262.
Struma
Valley,
212,253, 256,258,262.
Strumnitza,
258.
Suczawa,
196, 197.
Suez Canal, Turks defeated near,
85, 86;
shares of, purchased by
England,
273.
Suvla Bay operations,
234, 235.
Syria, railways of,
276, 303-307;
British, French, and Russian in¬
terests in,
315,
Syrian campaign, affected by Allied
knowledge of contemplated im¬
provements in Turkish railroad
systems,
308.
Tabria,
73, 323.
Talaat Pasha,
66.
Tarsus
Chai
(Cydnus) River,
290.
Tashkend,
323.
Taurus, the,
274, 286, 287;
section
of Bagdad Railway,
287-291.
Tcherna Bend,
265.
Tcherna River,
2Ô5.
Tchoriu,
202.
Tehran,
298.
Tekeh Fort,
227.
Tekir Plateau,
290.
Tenedos,
34, 35, 60.
Thrace, campaign in,
25;
Bul¬
garians lose large part of, by Treaty
of Constantinople,
33 ;
Turkish,
part of, desired by Bulgaria,
91,
93 ;
Turkish, means of communi¬
cation in,
202.
Tiflis,
322.
Tigris River,
83, 84.
Tirana,
208, 338.
Torsburg
Pass, the,
115, 117.
Townshend, General, surrender of,
79,81.
Transylvania, question of,
106-108,
115,327.
Trávna
Gap, railway through,
200.
Treaty, of
San Stefano
(March
17,
1878), 3;
of Berlin
(1878), 3, 107;
of Alliance between Bulgaria and
Serbia
(1912), 21-23, 329, 330;
between Greece and Bulgaria
(1912), 24;
of London
(1913),
29 ;
Graeco-Serbian (June
1, 1913),
29, 132, 133;
of Bucharest (Au¬
gust
10, 1913), 31, 32,
111
;
of Con¬
stantinople
(1913), 32, 33;
be¬
tween Italy, and Great Britain,
France, and Russia,
55;
of Lau¬
sanne (October
12, 1912), 60;
of Brest-Litovsk,
76;
of Paris
(1856), 106, 107, 184;
of Paris
(1814), 184;
of Berlin
(1878),
184, 185, 188;
of London
(1883),
184.
Trebiaond,
75.
Tripoli,
304.
Tripoli War,
19, 35, 60, 298.
Tsar, meeting with Kaiser at Pots¬
dam, November,
1910, 297, 298.
Tsaribrod,
187, 188.
Tschirschky,
Herr von, 316, 317.
Turco-Bulgarian frontier,
60.
Turco-Greek War of
1897, 7.
Turco-Italian War,
19, 35, 60, 298.
Turkey, Asiatic, importance of con¬
ditions in,
1 ;
in war with Russia
(1853-55), 2 ;
in war with Russia
(1877), 2;
„after the Treaty of
Berlin,
3, 4;
and the Murzteg
Scheme of Reforms,
4, 5 ;
army of,
under Germanic control,
6 ;
sup¬
port given to, by Germany,
7 ;
revolution of
1908
in,
7-9, 12;
and Bulgaria, Russian settlement
of difficulties between, in
1909, 11,
12 ;
the Committee of Union and
Progress,
12, 13 ;
the outstanding
feature in the situation in,
13, 14 ;
the motto of the Young Turks,
14.;
Ottomanisation,
14 ;
first year of
the New
Régime
in,
14-16;
second and third years of the New
Régime,
16-20 ;
in the First Balkan
War,
25, 26 ;
in the Second Balkan
War,
32, 33 ;
Imbros, Tenedos,
and Castellorizzo allotted to,
34,
INDEX
359
35;
attitude of England and of
Germany toward reforms in,
36,
36;
attitude of Great Powers
toward, before Balkan Wars,
36,
37;
loas
in territory through
Balkan Wars,
37;
position of, at
the end of the Balkan Wars,
39,
40;
conditions in, just before the
outbreak of the War,
59;
dis¬
pleased with results of the Balkan
Wars,
60;
crisis with Greece over
the Aegean Islands,
60-62;
per¬
secution and massacre of Greeks
by,
61 ;
improving relations with
Bulgaria,
62;
growth of German
influence in,
62 ;
agreement of,
respecting reforms in Armenia,
63, 64;
German intrigues in,
64—
66 ;
position of the Allies in,
65,
66 ;
her fear and hatred of Russia,
65, 66 ;
reasons for her inclination
toward Germany,
66;
brought
into the War by Germany,
67-70*;
abolishes capitulations,
67 ;
enters
Triple Alliance,
68;
Armenian
massacres of
1915, 70—72 ;
oper¬
ations of, in Northeastern Asia
Minor,
72-76;
and the Brest-
Li to
vak
Treaty,
76 ;
operations of,
between head of Persian Gulf and
Bagdad,
77-85 ;
operations of,
near the Egyptian frontier,
85-
88;
relations of Bulgaria and,
97,
98;
attitude of, toward Albania,
158;
position of Albania in the
Empire,
158, 159;
Bulgaria shows
marked contrast to,
177, 178;
railways and roads in,
202, 203;
Asiatic, military and political im¬
portance of railways of,
274-277;
cost of Bagdad Railway to,
301,
302;
military results to, of Bag¬
dad Railway,
302, 303;
Central
Powers aimed to improve relations
with,
313, 314 ;
army of, under
General
Liman
von
Sanders,
314;
importance to Germany of en¬
trance of, into the War,
318;
future of,
333-335.
Turke,
defeated near Sues Canal,
86;
defeated near Katia,
86;
op¬
posed to the building of roads and
railways,
180.
Turno
vo,
191 ;
declaration of Bul¬
garian independence made at,
9.
Turnovo-Siemenli-Nova
Zagora
Hail-
way,
201.
Turnu
Severin,
124.
Turtukeuie,
116.
Typhus, epidemic of, in Serbia,
49,
50.
Ujiţse,
204.
ultimatum, Austrian, to Serbia,
45,
46, 317.
Ulu
Kushlar,
278, 288.
Urumiah, Lake,
73, 75.
Uskub,
53, 176, 198, 201, 206, 257,
258.
Uskub-Mitrovitasa Railway,
208.
Uvats,
205.
Uzidon, Admiral,
314.
Uzun Kupru,
237.
Valievo,
48, 49, 204.
Van, lake and town,
73, 75, 76.
Vardar
River,
176 ;
importance of,
252, 253 ;
the country to the west
of,
254 ;
the country to the east of,
254 255
Vardar
Valley, the,
25, 26, 213, 248 ;
importance of,
252, 253 ;
railway
of,
255, 257, 258;
description of,
257
Vardishte,
204.
Varna,
199, 200.
Veliko
Plana,
188, 198.
VenezeloB,
M.,
94, 97;
attitude of,
at the beginning of the Turco-
I
talian
War,
20;
Saviour of
Greece,
127, 128 ;
his devotion to
Greece and co-operation with
King George,
128-130 ;
a statesman
and patriot,
136 ;
desired to co¬
operate with King
Constantine,
136 ;
cause of his decline in popu¬
larity,
137;
first struggle between
King
Constantine
and,
138 ;
second
resignation of,
141, 142 ;
the ques¬
tion of his attitude toward the
landing of Allied troops in Greece,
142;
abstention of his followers
from voting,
145 ;
departs from
Athens and forms Independent
Cabinet at
Salónica,
146;
Pre¬
mier since June,
1915, 150;
return
360
INDEX
to power of,
150;
difficulties of
his position,
151;
bow far the
future of Greece depends upon,
151, 152;
foresight of,
332.
Verciorova, terminus of railway,
194, 195, 197.
Veria,
193, 210, 260, 261.
Via Egnatia,
208, 338.
Vidin,
206, 253.
Vienna, Congress of
(1815), 184.
Viosa River,
171, 266.
Virbazar,
206, 207.
Vishegrad,
48.
Vodena,
260.
Von Bluhm
Pasha,
220, 221.
Von der Goltz
Pasha, power of,
6.
Vulcan Pass, the,
115.
Wallachia,
105.
Wash-trains, system of, established
by American doctors in Serbia,
50.
Wilhelm
II, of Germany, his policy
in the East,
6 ;
his first visit to
Constantinople,
6 ;
his second
visit to Constantinople,
7, 281 ;
meeting with Tsar at Potsdam,
November,
1910,297,298 ;
obsessed
by desire for domination from
Hamburg to Persian Gulf,
312,
313.
William of
Wied,
Prince,
régime
of,
167-169.
Wilson, President, quoted on Ger¬
man aims in the East,
320.
Woods, H. Charles, his Washed by
Four Seas,
278;
his The Danger
Zone of Europe,
285.
Yenidje Vardar,
254.
Yildi»,
227.
Young, George, his Corps
de Droit
Ottoman,
279, 303.
Young Turkish Revolution of
1908,
7, 8 ;
importance of, in Balkan
affairs,
8, 9 ;
the meaning of,
12 ;
the Committee of Union and Prog¬
ress,
12, 13, 15-17, 59, 66;
effect
of, on German prestige and power
at Constantinople,
35.
See Turkey.
Young Turks, and the Revolution of
1908, 7, 8, 12, 13 ;
their policy and
shortcomings,
14—19 ;
motto of,
14 ;
power of, just before the outbreak
of the War,
60 ;
their treatment
of Albania,
164, 165.
Zalmis, M.,
138,
144t
145, 147, 150,
263.
Zelenika,
204.
Zobeir,
297.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Woods, Henry C. |
| author_facet | Woods, Henry C. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Woods, Henry C. |
| author_variant | h c w hc hcw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV005170441 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | D560 |
| callnumber-raw | D560 |
| callnumber-search | D560 |
| callnumber-sort | D 3560 |
| callnumber-subject | D - General History |
| classification_rvk | NP 5920 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)6559990 (DE-599)BVBBV005170441 |
| dewey-full | 949.7 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 949 - Other parts of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 949.7 |
| dewey-search | 949.7 |
| dewey-sort | 3949.7 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Balkan Südosteuropa Naher Osten |
| id | DE-604.BV005170441 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:24:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003193066 |
| oclc_num | 6559990 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XIX, 360 S. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | BSBWK BSBQK0137 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 1918 |
| publishDateSearch | 1918 |
| publishDateSort | 1918 |
| publisher | Little, Brown |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Woods, Henry C. Verfasser aut The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism by H. Charles Woods Boston Little, Brown 1918 XIX, 360 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Weltkrieg 1914-19 bsbaltswk Pangermanismus bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) Pangermanism World War, 1914-1918 Causes World War, 1914-1918 Balkan Peninsula Pangermanismus (DE-588)4173176-1 gnd rswk-swf Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd rswk-swf Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 g Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 g Pangermanismus (DE-588)4173176-1 s Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003193066&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003193066&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Woods, Henry C. The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism Weltkrieg 1914-19 bsbaltswk Pangermanismus bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) Pangermanism World War, 1914-1918 Causes World War, 1914-1918 Balkan Peninsula Pangermanismus (DE-588)4173176-1 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4173176-1 (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4069099-4 (DE-588)4058449-5 (DE-588)4068878-1 |
| title | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism |
| title_auth | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism |
| title_exact_search | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism |
| title_full | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism by H. Charles Woods |
| title_fullStr | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism by H. Charles Woods |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cradle of the war the Near East and Pan-Germanism by H. Charles Woods |
| title_short | The cradle of the war |
| title_sort | the cradle of the war the near east and pan germanism |
| title_sub | the Near East and Pan-Germanism |
| topic | Weltkrieg 1914-19 bsbaltswk Pangermanismus bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) Pangermanism World War, 1914-1918 Causes World War, 1914-1918 Balkan Peninsula Pangermanismus (DE-588)4173176-1 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Weltkrieg 1914-19 Pangermanismus Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) Pangermanism World War, 1914-1918 Causes World War, 1914-1918 Balkan Peninsula Erster Weltkrieg Balkan Südosteuropa Naher Osten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003193066&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003193066&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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