American government:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston u.a.
Houghton Mifflin
1988
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 439, 63 S. Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a American government |c Alan R. Gitelson ; Robert L. Dudley ; Melvin J. Dubnick |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston u.a. |b Houghton Mifflin |c 1988 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 439, 63 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Dudley, Robert L. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dubnick, Melvin J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface CHAPTER 1 xv Myth and Reality in American Politics WHAT GOVERNMENTS DO WHAT GOVERNMENT IS 3 5 FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 5 Who Should Rule? 6 How Much Should Government Be Doing? 6 Where Should Government Power Be Located? 8 MYTH AND REALITY IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 10 OVERVIEW OF THIS BOOK 12 BACKGROUND 1.1 · Myth and Reality in Contemporary Politics CHAPTER 2 9 Constitutional Foundations THE GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION 19 Establishing Authority 19 Structuring Authority 19 Distributing and Describing Government Powers 21 Limiting Governmental Powers 22 Changing the Constitution 23 ROOTS OF THE CONSTITUTION 26 ? British Constitutional Heritage 26 The Colonial Heritage 28 Intellectual Roots 28 The Stirring of Revolution 29
VI ★ CONTENTS THE ENDURING PRINCIPLES 31 The Rule of Law 31 Republicanism 33 Separation of Powers 34 Checks and Balances 35 National Supremacy 37 CONCLUSION: TIMELESS WORDS AND LIVING PRINCIPLES 38 SUMMARY 39 MYTH AND REALITY 2.1 · The Apolitical Constitution CHAPTER З 20 American Federalism 43 THE FEDERAL SYSTEM REVISITED 46 Finding the Federal Solution 46 The Evolution of American Federalism 47 Battles over Meaning (1790s-1860s) 48 From Separation to Cooperation (1860s-1920s) 50 Toward Cooperation and Local Participation (1930s֊1950s) 51 The Urban Focus (1960s-1970s) 53 Reforming the Grants System (1970s-1980s) 54 The Federal System in Transition 55 THE DRAMAS OF AMERICAN FEDERALISM 56 National Government Actors 56 States in the Federal System 59 Local Governments 60 The Intergovernmental Lobby 62 The Role of the Citizen 64 Many Actors on the Stage 64 CONCLUSION: THE MYTH VERSUS THE DRAMAS SUMMARY 66 BACKGROUND 3.1 · The Menagerie of Federal Grants 52 MYTH AND REALITY 3.1 · The Wonderful World of Reedy Creek :HAPTER 4 65 61 The Heritage of Rights and Liberties NATIONALIZING THE BILL OF RIGHTS THE FIRST AMENDMENT 76 Free Speech 76 A Free Press 78 Freedom to Assemble 84 69 72 Religious Freedom 81
CONTENTS ★ VII DUE PROCESS AND CRIME 84 Right to Counsel 84 Searches and Seizures 87 Wiretapping and Eavesdropping 89 Cruel and Unusual Punishment 89 PRIVACY 90 EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS 91 The Continuing Struggle Against Racism 91 Discrimination 96 Affirmative Action 99 Sex CONCLUSION: ABSOLUTES AND QUALIFICATIONS SUMMARY 101 101 BACKGROUND 4.1 · Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, and the Supreme Court MYTH AND REALITY 4.1 · The Unqualified Minority CHAPTER 5 73 100 Public Opinion and Political Participation AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION What is Public Opinion? 109 Opinion 109 108 Characteristics of Public HOW PUBLIC OPINION DEVELOPS Agents of Political Socialization 111 Socialization 113 PUBLIC OPINION POLLS 105 110 A Word About Adult 113 THE CONTENT OF AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION 116 Confidence and Trust in Government 117 The Paradox in Public Opinion 118 Opinions on the Issues 118 Group Opinion 119 AVENUES OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 123 Acting on Opinions 124 What Influences Participation 126 A Closer Look: Women, Blacks, and Hispànics 126 CONCLUSION: MANY MINORITIES, MUCH ACTIVITY SUMMARY 128 129 MYTH AND REALITY 5.1 · Public Opinion Polls in the Soviet Union 109 MYTH AND REALITY 5.2 · The Passive Woman in American Politics 127
VIII ★ CONTENTS CHAPTER 6 Political Parties WHAT PARTIES ARE AND WHAT THEY DO 135 The Three-headed Giant 136 Who Belongs to the Parties and Why? 137 Independents 139 What Parties Do 140 THE TWO-PARTY SYSTEM 144 The Federalists and Jeffersonians 145 The Democrats and the Whigs 146 The Democrats and Republicans 146 Realignment of Parties 147 Why Two Parties? 149 Third Parties in the United States 151 PARTY STRUCTURE 153 Local Parties 153 Machines and Reforms 154 Parties 155 National Parties 155 State CONCLUSION: DECLINE OR TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES? 157 SUMMARY 160 BACKGROUND 6.1 · Vietnam, Watergate, and the Iran-Contra Affair MYTH AND REALITY 6.1 · The Arrival of Modern Technology CHAPTER 7 141 156 Campaigns and Elections NOMINATIONS: THE SELECTION PROCESS 165 Seeking Political Office 165 The Caucus 166 Primaries 167 Presidential Nominating Conventions 168 Who Gets Nominated? 170 THE RACE FOR OFFICE 171 Financing Campaigns 172 Organizing Campaigns 176 The Electoral College 181 VOTING AND ELECTIONS 183 Who is Permitted to Vote? 183 Voting Turnout 184 Voter Choice 187 PROMISES, PROMISES: THE LINK BETWEEN CAMPAIGNS AND PUBLIC POLICY 191
CONTENTS ★ CONCLUSION: DO ELECTIONS MATTER? SUMMARY 193 193 BACKGROUND 7.1 · Why Don t People Register to Vote? MYTH AND REALITY 7.1 · Elections as a Mandate CHAPTER 8 IX 185 188 Interest Groups WHAT ARE INTEREST GROUPS? 197 199 TYPES OF INTEREST GROUPS 199 Economic Interest Groups 200 Citizen Activist Groups 203 Government-related Interest Groups 205 RESOURCES OF INTEREST GROUPS Group Dynamics 206 Money 208 Influence 209 206 Power and INTEREST GROUP TACTICS 211 Lobbying 211 Political Action Committees 215 Electioneering 218 Building Coalitions 218 Grassroots Pressure 219 Litigation 220 INTEREST GROUPS, PACs, AND PUBLIC POLICY Interest Groups and Public Policy 221 The Cozy Triangle 222 CONCLUSION: CORRUPT OR CONSTRUCTIVE? SUMMARY 222 224 MYTH AND REALITY 8.1 · Business Versus Labor BACKGROUND 8.1 · Regulating Interest Groups CHAPTER 9 221 201 214 Media and Politics THE RISE OF THE MEDIA 229 The Early Days 230 The Broadcast Media 231 and Concentration 232 227 Diversity
X ★ CONTENTS WHAT IS NEWS? 233 WHO DECIDES WHAT IS NEWS? 236 THE EFFECTS OF THE MASS MEDIA 237 Setting the Agenda 238 The Conduct of Politics 238 THE UNEASY ALLIANCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND MEDIA 242 Covering the President 243 Covering Congress 245 Covering the Courts 246 Government Regulation 246 CONCLUSION: MANIPULATOR OR MIRROR? SUMMARY 247 249 MYTH AND REALITY 9.1 · Hard News and Television Campaign Coverage 234 BACKGROUND 9.1 · One Insider Views the Television News CHAPTER 10 242 Congress 253 WHO SERVES IN CONGRESS AND THE PATHS THAT LEAD THERE 256 Education and Occupation 256 Race and Sex 257 Getting Elected 258 THE WORK OF CONGRESS 262 Making Laws 262 Taxing and Spending Powers 262 Representation 263 Casework 264 Congressional Oversight 265 ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS 266 Limits on Power 266 Congressional Leadership 266 THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM The Nonofficial Groups 273 HOW A BILL BECOMES LAW Committee Consideration 276 Conference Work 278 268 274 Floor Action 277 INFLUENCES ON CONGRESSIONAL VOTING 279
CONTENTS CONCLUSION: IS CONGRESS A FAILED INSTITUTION? SUMMARY XI 280 281 BACKGROUND 10.1 · The New Filibuster CHAPTER 11 ★ 278 The Presidency 285 THE GROWTH OF THE PRESIDENCY 286 The First Presidents 287 Congress Reasserts Power 289 The Modem Presidency 290 PRESIDENTIAL ROLES 291 Chief of State 291 Chief Executive 292 Diplomat 295 Commander in Chief 297 Legislator 300 Chief Chief THE INSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENCY 303 The Cabinet 304 Executive Office of the President 305 The White House Office 307 The Vice President 308 PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE 310 Persuading Congress 310 Public Opinion 313 CONCLUSION: AWESOME POWER OR HELPLESS GIANT? 314 SUMMARY 315 MYTH AND REALITY 11.1 · The Vice Presidency and Presidential Succession 309 CHAPTER 12 Bureaucracy PROFILE OF THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY 321 Who Are the Bureaucrats? 321 What Do Federal Bureaucrats Do? 326 Where Do They Work? 328 An Unmanageable Institution 333 THE EMERGENCE OF AMERICAN BUREAUCRACY 333 The Constitutional Roots of Bureaucracy 334 The History of Bureaucratic Growth 334 Explaining the Growth of the Bureaucracy 336 319
XII ★ CONTENTS BUREAUCRATIC POWER 338 The Need and Nature of Bureaucratic Power 338 Limiting Bureaucratic Power 341 Subgovernments and Bureaucratic Power 344 Control Without Efficiency 347 CONCLUSION: EXPECTATIONS AND PERFORMANCE SUMMARY 348 BACKGROUND 12.1 · What is a Bureaucracy? 323 BACKGROUND 12.2 · The Remains of Patronage 325 MYTH AND REALITY 12.1 · The Oversized Bureaucracy CHAPTER 13 347 340 Courts, Judges, and the Law 351 THE ORIGINS AND TYPES OF AMERICAN LAW THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURT SYSTEMS 354 354 THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM 355 Lower Courts 355 The Supreme Court 359 Specialized Courts 361 State Court Systems 362 Interactions Among Court Systems 362 RECRUITING AND REMOVING JUDGES 363 Federal Judges 364 Who Becomes a Federal Judge? 367 Removing Judges 368 THE SUPREME COURT AT WORK 369 Oral Argument 369 Conference Work 370 Announcing the Opinion 372 Writing and THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COURT DECISIONS Compliance by Other Courts 373 Congress and the President 376 373 CONCLUSION: THE COURTS ARE NOT WHAT THEY SEEM 377 BACKGROUND 13.1 · The Supreme Court and Judicial Review 360
CONTENTS CHAPTER 14 Domestic Policy and Policy Making MAKING PUBLIC POLICY 385 Stages in the Policymaking Process 386 Making 389 ★ XIII 383 Models of Decision ECONOMIC POLICY 390 Economic Development Policies 392 Economic Regulatory Policies 392 Monetary Policies 394 Fiscal Policies 396 The Continuing Debates over Economic Policies 396 SOCIAL POLICY 399 Aiding the Poor 400 Meeting the Needs of the General Public 403 The Debates over Social Policy 407 CONCLUSION: THE DYNAMIC MYTHS OF AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY 408 SUMMARY 409 MYTH AND REALITY 14.1 · Laissez Taire America BACKGROUND 14.1 CHAPTER 15 · Incomes Policies 393 397 Foreign and Defense Policies FROM ISOLATIONISM TO WORLD LEADERSHIP 416 1800-1914: Isolationism, Unilateralism, and Expansionism 416 1914-1960: America Emerges as World Leader 417 1960s to the Present: Policies in a Changing World 420 MAKING FOREIGN AND DEFENSE POLICY 422 The President and the White House 422 The Foreign and Defense Bureaucracies 424 The Congressional Role in Policy Making 425 The Mass Media and Attentive Publics 426 The Role of Public Opinion 427 DIPLOMATIC TOOLS 429 MILITARY AND DEFENSE STRATEGIES 432 Guns or Butter 432 Nuclear or Conventional Strategies 434 CONCLUSION: THE SHAPING OF FOREIGN AND DEFENSE POLICY 435 413
xiv ★ CONTENTS SUMMARY 437 BACKGROUND 15.1 · Close Encounters in a Bipolar World MYTH AND REALITY 15.1 · The Domino Theory Appendixes 419 436 A-l The Declaration of Independence in Congress July 4, 1776 A-l The Constitution of the United States of America Federalist No. 10 1787 A-14 Federalist No. 51 1788 A-18 Presidents of the United States Glossary References A-22 A-32 Index to References Index A-48 A-45 A-21 A-3
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| spelling | Gitelson, Alan R. Verfasser aut American government Alan R. Gitelson ; Robert L. Dudley ; Melvin J. Dubnick Boston u.a. Houghton Mifflin 1988 XVIII, 439, 63 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Politik États-Unis - Politique et gouvernement USA United States Politics and government Dudley, Robert L. Verfasser aut Dubnick, Melvin J. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003166793&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | American government |
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