Effective database management:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Prentice-Hall
1988
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 239 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0132414724 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | EFFECTIVE
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
Alexander Gaydasch, Jr
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
PREFACE
Chapter 1 WHAT IS A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM? 1
Prologue: A Note on Terminology 1
Field, Data Item, Data Element, Attribute Entity, Record,
Record Type Data Structure Occurrence and Instance
Data Model
Characteristics of a Database Management System 2
Data Independence Complex Data Relationships and Control
of Application Data Redundancy Application Generality
Ease of Use What a DBMS Is Not
Relationship to Other Components 7
The Constituent Parts of a DBMS 9
The Database Manager Data Definition Language
(DDL) Data Manipulation Language (DML) Host
Language Interface Query Language Report
Writer Screen Forematter Utilities The Data Dictionary
(DD)
Related Technologies 12
Data Management Systems (DMS) Fourth-Generation,
User-Friendly Development Tools
Vi CONTENTS
A Summary of Basic Concepts 13
Structures and Tables Sets Relationships Keys
Normalization Addressing Pointers
Physical Layouts
Discussion Questions 21
Chapter 2 WHO NEEDS A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND WHY? 22
Introduction 22
Advantages of a DBMS 22
An Ordered, Consistent File Design Methodology Complex
Data Relationships and Control of Application Data
Redundancy Easier System Changes Increased Data
Integrity More Extensive Use of Common Data between
Applications Improved Accessibility of Data The Practical
Ability to Develop Sophisticated Applications
Disadvantages of a DBMS 26
High Start-Up Costs Need for Increased Staff Inefficient
Resource Usage Difficulty Handling Large Transaction
Volumes
Factors That Favor a DBMS 29
Complex Data Relationships The Need for Systems
Integration The Need for Ad Hoc Reporting and Data
Access High Level of System Changes Extensive Decision
Support vs Transaction Processing Requirements Progressive,
Experimental Attitude Successful Long-Range
Planning Willingness to Defer Benefits Willingness to
Recognize Intangible Benefits Management
Commitment Ability to Staff the Data Base Administration
(DBA) Function
Factors That Mitigate Against a DBMS 32
Very High Transaction or File Volumes Adequacy of Present
Systems Substantial Conversion Costs
Cost Considerations 33
Fixed vs Variable Tangible vs Intangible Out-of-pocket vs
Internal Direct and Indirect One-time vs On-going The
Significance of Cost Categories DBMS Selection
Costs Implementation and Start-up Costs Costs of the First
Application On-going Costs
A Note on Microcomputer-based DBMS 40
Discussion Questions 41
CONTENTS Vii
Chapter 3 CHOOSING A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 42
Introduction 42
Organizing the Acquisition Process 43
The Selection Plan The Selection Team
Defining Requirements 45
Application Requirements Corporate Data Needs The
Needs of the Computer Department Constraints
Developing Evaluation Criteria 49
Create a List of Potential Considerations Determine Relative
Importance
Preparing a Request for Proposal (RFP) 50
Identifying Potential Products and Contacting Vendors 52
Evaluating Products 52
Vendor Technical Presentations and Demos Customer
Visits Preparing a Prototype Simulation
Benchmarking Team Reviews Product Scoring Vendor
Analysis
Making the Selection 56
Samples of a Requirements Definition 57
A Health Care Library Abstract System An Order Entry
System
Sample DBMS Evaluation Criteria 60
Technical and Functional Criteria Vendor Related Criteria
Checklist of DBMS Features 64
Discussion Questions 69
Chapter 4 ORGANIZING THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT 70
Introduction 70
Major Differences between Traditional and DBMS Environments 70
New Functions Standards System Integration Global
View of Data Organizational Interdependence Technical
Complexity Increased Software and Data Maintenance
Increased User Demand
Database Administration 73
Planning Coordination Training Standards Database
Design Consultation Physical Design and Tuning Database
Viii CONTENTS
Security, Backup and Recovery DBMS and Database
Maintenance
Organizational Placement of DBA 76
Data Resource Management (DRM) 78
Corporate Data Modelling Development and Maintenance of
the Corporate Data Glossary Participation in Corporate MIS
Planning Participation in System Development Activities
Participation in Standards Development Development of
Improved Access to Corporate Data
Organizational Placement of DRM 81
Comments on the Role of DBA and DRM 82
Discussion Questions 85
Chapter 5 THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL
Introduction to Data Models
Data Representation Structural Knowledge that is
Needed Dynamic vs Predefined Relationships Physical
Storage annd Retrieval Data Controls A General Comment
on Data Models
Introduction to Hierarchical Databases
The Tree Structure
IMS Concepts
Physical Considerations
Pointers Storage Space
File Organization
Advantages and Disadvantages
Discussion Questions
Secondary Indexing
Chapter 6 THE NETWORK MODEL
Introduction
The Plex Structure
CODASYL Concepts
Physical Considerations
Areas Physical Contiguity Pointers
CONTENTS iX
Advantages and Disadvantages
Discussion Questions
Chapter 7 THE RELATIONAL MODEL
Introduction
Tables and Tuples
Keys
Relational Operators
Selection Projection Join
Physical Components: DB2
Indexes The System Catalog
Advantages and Disadvantages
Discussion Questions
Additional Comments
Chapter 8 NORMALIZATION
Introduction
Dependency
Functional Dependency Total Dependency Full
Dependency Transitive Dependency
Getting Started
First Normal Form (INF)
Second Normal Form (2NF)
Third Normal Form (3NF)
The Advantages of Normalization
Minimization of Redundancy The Elimination of Update
Anomalies
Discussion Questions
Chapter 9 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Selecting the First Database Application
Identifiable, Tangible Benefits An Important (But Not
Critical) Addition to the Company An Eager, Capable
X CONTENTS
User Small But Part of Something Larger Manageable
Proportions Reasonable Transaction Volumes A Mix of
MIS and Transaction Processing Characteristics Replaces a
Nonexistent or Poorly Functioning Application
Developing the First System 155
Develop a Realistic System Scope Don t Try to Satisfy All
User Needs on the First Attempt Beware of Paralysis
through Analysis Prototype Opt for Simple Structures
Get Help from the Vendor Don t Overintegrate Try a
Wide Variety of DBMS Features—But Be Cautious!
The Cost of the First Application 158
The System Development Life Cycle in a DBMS Environment 159
The Preliminary Investigation and Feasibility Study Business
Requirements Definition/External Design Internal Design
Development Installation
Introduction to a Database Design Methodology 162
Logical and Physical Design 164
Logical Design Physical Design
Discussion Questions 165
Chapter 10 THE STEPS OF DATABASE DEVELOPMENT 166
Introduction 166
Identify Entities 167
Define Relationships 167
One-to-Many Many-to-Many One-to-One Iterative
Prepare an Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagram 173
Identify and Define Entity Attributes 174
Translate the E-R Diagram into a Bachman Diagram 175
Resolving One-to-Many Relationships Resolving Many-to-
Many Relationships Resolving Many-to-Many Relationships
with More Than Two Entities Resolving One-to-One
Relationships Resolving Iterative Relationships
Analyze Volumes 181
Absolute Volumes Relative Volumes Growth Volatility
Update Volatility
Perform Path Analysis 185
CONTENTS Xi
Design Records 185
Group Data Elements into Records Assign a Unique Name
and ID to Each Record Type Select Access Methods and
Keys Decide on Duplicate Records Assign Each Record to
an Area Place Record Definitions in Data Dictionary
Define Sets 187
Assign a Meaningful Name to Each Set Define Pointers and
Other Navigation Mechanisms Select Record Insertion
Technique Select Membership Options
Test and Implement the Database 188
Compile Database Definitions (Schemas and Subschemas)
Initialize the Database and Load with Sample Data Test the
Database Refine the Database Load Production Data
Database Design Deliverables Checklist 190
Sample Entity-Relation (E-R) and Bachman Diagrams 192
Discussion Questions 195
Chapter 11 CURRENT TRENDS AND NEW DIRECTIONS 196
Introduction 196
DBMSs for Personal Computers (PC) 196
Differences between Mainframe and Micro-Based DBMSs
Descriptions of Two Popular Models Uses of Micro-Based
DBMS
Distributed Databases 203
Definition Advantages Reliability
Disadvantages Encompass R*
Relational DBMS 212
Database Machines 212
Discussion Questions 213
Chapter 12 A POSTSCRIPT: COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
A Look at the Myths
Database Applications are Always Faster Database Systems
are User-Friendly Database Applications are Easy to
Xii CONTENTS
Implement All Significant Corporate Data Can Be Maintained
in One Large Database A Well Designed Database will
Contain No Redundancy The DBMS model (Hierarchical,
Network or Relational) is a Key Selection Criterion Logical •
and Physical Design are Completely Independent The DBA
or DRM is (or should be) the Czar of Information
Stewardship A Database Reflects all Relationships between
Data Data-Driven Design will Make the Analysis of
Processes almost Trivial DBMS and Fourth Generation
(4GL) Technology will make Application Programmers Extinct
Discussion Questions 219
P
GLOSSARY 220
ACRONYM CROSS REFERENCE 228
BIBLIOGRAPHY 229
INDEX 230
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| spelling | Gaydasch, Alexander Verfasser aut Effective database management Alexander Gaydasch, Jr. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall 1988 XIV, 239 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Database management Datenbanksystem (DE-588)4113276-2 gnd rswk-swf Datenbanksystem (DE-588)4113276-2 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003166698&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gaydasch, Alexander Effective database management Database management Datenbanksystem (DE-588)4113276-2 gnd |
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| title | Effective database management |
| title_auth | Effective database management |
| title_exact_search | Effective database management |
| title_full | Effective database management Alexander Gaydasch, Jr. |
| title_fullStr | Effective database management Alexander Gaydasch, Jr. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effective database management Alexander Gaydasch, Jr. |
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