State and local politics: fundamentals and perspectives
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, N.Y.
St. Martin's Pr.
1985
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 413 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0312756151 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Introduction 1 The Nature of Politics State and Local Politics and Government Studying State and Local Politics The Plan of the Text 1 2 2 3 Part One THE CONTEXT OF STATE AND LOCAL POLITICS Chapter 1 Theoretical Approaches 5 7 Why Theory? Theories in State and Local Politics 7 8 Roots of the the Theories 8 Background 9 Historical Applying Political Theories 11 Cleavage and Conflict 11 Political Change and Development 13 The Role of Government 14 The Political Process in States and Localities 16 Political Goals 17 How Do We Choose? 18 Key Terms 18 Questions for Discussion Suggested Readings 19 Notes 20 19 Chapter 2 The Federal System 21 Federalism and Diversity Federalism and the Constitution 22 25 Why Federalism? 29 Federalism 31 The Politics of The Development of Federal Government 33 Revolution to Civil War 35 Industrialization 37 The New Deal and After 38 Viewpoints on the Developmentof Federalism 41 ix
x Contents Conclusion Key Terms 45 Questions for Discussion 46 Suggested Readings 46 Notes 47 44 Part Two THE STRUCTURE OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 49 Chapter 3 State Government and the Separation of Powers 51 State Constitutions The Executive Branch The Legislative Branch The Judicial Branch Theoretical Perspectives Conclusion Key Terms 65 Questions for Discussion 65 Suggested Readings 66 Notes 66 52 54 56 59 62 65 Chapter 4 67 Gubernatorial Politics Pluralist Analysis 67 Formal Powers 67 Public Opinion 68 Institutional Conflict and Cooperation 70 Individual Abilities 73 Elite Theory 74 Money and Politics 74 Social Background 75 Marxist Class Analysis 78 Progressive Politics 78 New Deal Radicalism 80 Civil Rights Movement 81 Conclusion Key Terms 83 Questions for Discussion 83 Suggested Readings 83 Notes 84 82 Chapter 5 86 Bureaucratic Politics The Structure of State and Local Bureaucracies 86 The Nature of the Bureaucracy 86 Bureaucracy and the Public 87 Theoretical Approaches to Bureaucratic Politics 92 Pluralist Theory 92 Administrative Organization 92 Public Management and Productivity 94 Elite Theory 97 Marxist Theory 100 Future Directions 102 Conclusion Key Terms 103 Questions for Discussion 104 Suggested Readings 104 Notes 105 103
Contents Chapter 6 Legislative Politics xi 106 Recruitment and Selection 107 Legislative Campaigns 107 Analysis 110 Structure and Process 111 Leadership 111 Committee System 113 Staff and Salaries 113 Lawmaking Procedure 114 Norms 115 Analysis 116 Political Direction 120 Political Parties 120 Role Orientations 122 The Governor 123 Interest Groups 124 Constituency 125 Ideology 127 Conclusion Key Terms 129 Questions for Discussion Suggested Readings 130 Notes 130 128 130 Chapter 7 The CriminalJustice System The Nature of Crime 134 136 Functional Approaches 136 and Crime 138 Class Conflict The Criminal Justice System Police Forces History and Structure 140 Police 141 139 140 The Job of The Judicial Process 144 Arrest and Booking 145 Initial Appearance, Bail and Preliminary Hearings 145 Decision to Prosecute 146 Arraignment and Pleas 147 Trial and Sentencing 148 Functional and Conflict Approaches to the Judicial Process 150 Corrections Prisons 152 152 Capital Punishment 154 Conclusion Key Terms 157 Questions for Discussion Suggested Readings 157 Notes 158 155 157 Chapter 8 The Structure of Local Government 160 Theoretical Perspectives Legal Basis and Overall Structure 160 161 Municipal Charters 162 Forms of Municipal Government 164 Counties, Towns, and Townships 166 Special and School Districts 167 Responsibilities of Local Governments 167 The Politics of Metropolitan Areas Metropolitan Reform 170 Pluralism and 168
xii Contents Centralization 171 Elite Theory 173 Marxist Class Analysis 174 Conclusion Key Terms 175 Questions for Discussion Suggested Readings 176 Notes 176 175 176 Part Three THE DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 179 Chapter 9 181 Community Politics Structural Change in Local Government Political Machines 182 Municipal Reform: A Pluralist View 183 Municipal Officials in an Age of Reform 185 Alternative Views on Structural Change 186 Socialism and Municipal Politics 187 Local Government and the Community Community Power 190 Race and Community Politics 194 Economics and Community Politics 198 Conclusion Key Terms 202 Questions for Discussion 203 Suggested Readings 203 Notes 203 Chapter 10 182 189 201 Parties, Elections, and Voting 206 Political Parties The Legal Context of State Parties 207 Development of U.S. Parties 207 Party Organization 210 Party Strength and Competition 212 Parties in State Politics 214 Elections and Campaigns Primary Elections 217 Campaigns and Political Finance 219 Campaign Finance Laws 220 Voting History of Suffrage 222 Voting Participation 225 Conclusion Key Terms 230 Questions for Discussion 230 Suggested Readings 230 Notes 231 207 Chapter 11 217 222 229 Citizen Action 233 Theoretical Perspectives Elite Theory and Citizen Action 233 Pluralist Perspective 234 Class Analysis and Political Organization 235 233
Contents Direct Democracy Initiative, Referendum, and Recall 235 Meetings 238 xiii 235 Town Interest Groups 239 Pluralism and Interest Group Politics 239 Nonpluralist Perspectives 244 Community Organizations 245 Program and Strategy: Pluralist Approaches 249 Alternative Approaches to Community Organization 253 Conclusion Key Terms 257 Questions for Discussion 257 Suggested Readings 258 Notes 258 256 Part Four PUBLIC POLICY IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 261 Chapter 12 Ideology and State and Local Public Policy 263 Why Ideology? Comparing Ideologies 263 266 Conservative Ideology 266 Liberal Ideology 268 Democratic Socialist Ideology 271 Conclusion Key Terms 273 Questions for Discussion 274 Suggested Readings 274 Notes 275 273 Chapter 13 Public Finance 276 Sources of State and Local Income 277 State Taxes and Fees 277 Local Taxes 278 Who Bears the Tax Burden? 280 Patterns of State and Local Taxation 280 Public Opinion and Taxes 283 Tax Limitation 283 Ideology and Taxes 285 Intergovernmental Aid Borrowing Expenditures The Fiscal Crisis 286 288 290 294 New York in Crisis, 1975 to 1976 294 Cleveland, 1978 298 Fiscal Conditions in the 1980s 300 Resolving the Fiscal Crisis Conclusion Key Terms 305 Questions for Discussion 306 Suggested Readings 306 Notes 307 301 304
xiv Contents Chapter 14 The Politics of Work: Poverty, Welfare, and Jobs What Is Poverty? Definitions 310 Who Is Poor and Why ? 312 Who Is Unemployed? Definitions 313 Poverty, Unemployment, and Welfare 318 The Welfare System The Cost of Welfare 320 Aid to Families with Dependent Children 321 Work and Welfare 323 Jobs Programs as a Solution 324 Changing the Welfare System Conservative Approach 326 Liberal Approach 331 Welfare and Full Employment 332 Conclusion Key Terms 334 Questions for Discussion 335 Suggested Readings 335 Notes 335 Chapter 15 The Politics of Community Development Patterns of Economic Development Cities and Suburbs 338 Rural Development 339 Regional Development 339 The Nature of Regional Change 341 State and Local Economic Development Policy Financial Incentives 344 “Right to Work” and Economic Development 346 Urban Economic Development 346 Housing Transportation Policy Alternatives: Commerce, Housing, Transportation Conservative Approach 357 Liberal Approach 359 Democratic Socialist Approach 362 Conclusion Key Terms 365 Questions for Discussion 365 Suggested Readings 366 Notes 366 Chapter 16 The Politics of Human Services: Education and Health Issues in Public Education Schooև and Equality 370 Segregation and Integration 371 Education and the Economy 372 310 310 313 319 326 334 337 337 344 350 354 357 364 369 369
Contents The Governance of Public Education XV 373 School Boards 374 State Government and Education 374 Public School Finance 375 Federal Aid 376 Public Higher Education Historical Development 378 Prospects 379 378 Financial Ideology and Educational Policy 380 Conservative Approach 382 Liberal Approach 384 Democratic Socialist Approach 385 Health Care 387 The Price of Health 387 Accountability 388 Distribution of Health Care 389 Medicaid The Price of Medicaid 389 Response 391 389 The State Mental Health Alternatives for the Health Care System 392 392 Conservative Approach 393 Liberal Approach 393 Democratic Socialist Approach 394 Conclusion Key Terms 395 Questions for Discussion 396 Suggested Readings 397 Notes 397 Conclusion 395 401 Notes 403 Index 405
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| spelling | Engel, Michael Verfasser aut State and local politics fundamentals and perspectives New York, N.Y. St. Martin's Pr. 1985 XV, 413 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Local government United States State governments United States Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003166221&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | State and local politics fundamentals and perspectives |
| title_auth | State and local politics fundamentals and perspectives |
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| title_full | State and local politics fundamentals and perspectives |
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| title_full_unstemmed | State and local politics fundamentals and perspectives |
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