Cost-benefit analysis in education: A case study of Kenya
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Baltimore
Hopkins Pr.
1972
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers
14 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV,193 S.m.Tab. |
| ISBN: | 0801813352 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Thias, Hans Heinrich |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cost-benefit analysis in education |b A case study of Kenya |c Hans H. Thias ; Martin Carnoy |
| 264 | 1 | |a Baltimore |b Hopkins Pr. |c 1972 | |
| 300 | |a XV,193 S.m.Tab. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers |v 14 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Carnoy, Martin |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804119214586331136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Cost-benefit analysis in education
Autor: Thias, Hans Heinrich
Jahr: 1972
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD v
PREFACE xiii
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Purpose of the Study 1
The Cost-Benefit Method Applied to Education 2
II. KENYA S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 9
A Historical Survey of Education in Kenya 9
The Present Educational System 11
Education Cost and Finance 21
III. EARNINGS AND SCHOOLING, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND
OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 27
The Approach 27
The Data Basis ^9
The Model ^
The Relationships between Education, Age, and Earnings 34
The Significance of Non-Schooling Variables A Digression 54
Rural Incomes and Schooling 56
vii
IV. RATES OF RETURN TO SCHOOLING 63
Types of Rates and Adjustments 63
Calculation of the Rates and the Sources of Data 67
Unadjusted Urban Rates 71
Adjusting for Taxes and Mortality 73
Adjusting for Socio-Economic Differences 75
Adjusting for Occupational Variables 75
The Question of Ability 77
Rates of Return to Education in the Rural Sector 83
Rural and Urban Unemployment 86
Final Rates, Adjustments Accumulated 90
V. POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF RATE-OF-RETURN
ANALYSIS TO EDUCATIONAL PLANNING: An
Illustration 95
The Model 95
The Supply of Educated Labor 97
Estimates of Demand for Educated Labor 100
Demand Projections and Equilibrium Estimates for Africans
with Primary Schooling 108
Demand Projections and Equilibrium Estimates for Africans
with Secondary Schooling 118
Demand Projections and Equilibrium Estimates for Africans
with University Training 122
Results and Conclusions 125
VI. OUTCOME OF THE STUDY 127
The Specific Results 127
The General Lesson 134
ANNEXES
A. THE DETERMINANTS OF EXAMINATION PER¬
FORMANCE AND RATES OF RETURN TO SCHOOL
INPUTS: An Exploratory Analysis 143
B. SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE LABOR FORCE
SAMPLE SURVEY 173
C. REGRESSION ANALYSIS, INCOME AND EDUCA¬
TION OF AFRICAN MALES: SCHOOLING AS A VARI¬
ABLE 177
Vlll
D. DERIVATION OF PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATION
OF ABSOLUTE EARNINGS FROM REGRESSION
DATA
E. CORRECTION OF RURAL LANDHOLDER INCOMES
FOR ACREAGE AND FAMILY SIZE DIFFERENTIALS
BETWEEN AGE GROUPS AND BETWEEN EDUCA¬
TION LEVELS FOR GIVEN AGE GROUP
F. SOLUTION FOR CHANGE IN WAGE LEVEL TWO
FROM DISCOUNT FORMULA
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
TABLES
2.1 Enrollments in Primary and Secondary Education, 1959—
68
2.2 Average School-Leaving Age of Urban Employees, by
Ethnic Group, Sex, and Educational Achievement,
1968
2.3 Range of Annual Fees in Harambee Schools
2.4 Students from Kenya at the East African University
Colleges
2.5 Estimated Expenditure on Primary Education, 1967
2.6 Estimated Education Expenditure from Domestic Sources
by Main Components, 1966
3.1 Key for Variables Used
3.2 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles, African Males, by
Years of Schooling, 1968
3.3 Regression Coefficients of Independent Dummy Vari¬
ables; Dependent Variable: Monthly Earnings, African
Males, 1968
3.4 Age-Earnings Profiles of African Males by Years of
Schooling, 1968: Adjusted for Parents Literacy, Tribe,
and Father s Occupation
3.5 Regression Coefficients of Independent Dummy Variables,
Socio-Economic Variables Held Constant; Dependent
Variable: Monthly Earnings, African Males, 1968
3.6 Means of Independent Variables, African Males, by
Years of Schooling, 1968
3.7 Age-Earnings Profiles, African Males, by Years of School¬
ing, 1968, Adjusted for All Variables
181
184
189
191
12
15
20
22
24
26
30
32
36
37
38
40
43
IX
3.8 Coefficients of Independent Variables, All Variables Held
Constant, Dependent Variable Monthly Earnings,
African Males, 1968 44
3.9 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles, African, Asian and
European Females by Years of Schooling, 1968 46
3.10 Regression Coefficients of Independent Dummy Variables;
Dependent Variable; Monthly Earnings, All Sex-ethnic
Groups and Means of Variables for African Males with
13 Years of Schooling, 1968 49
3.11 Regression Coefficients of Independent Dummy Variables;
Dependent Variables: Monthly Earnings, All Sex-ethnic
Groups with 17 Years of Schooling, 1968, and Means of
Variables for African Males 51
3.12 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles by Years of Schooling,
All Sex-ethnic Groups, 1968 52
3.13 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles for African Males,
Alone and as Variable, 11, 12-13 and 14-17 Years of
Schooling, 1968 53
3.14 Mean Annual Income, Farm Acreage, and Age of House¬
hold Heads by Education Level of Household Head,
1963-64, Rural Central Province 58
3.15 Total Income of Rural Head of Household by Age and
Education, 1963-64, Adjusted for Acreage and Family
Size Differences between Age Groups and between
Education Levels 59
3.16 Mean Annual Income of Rural Landholding Heads of
Household by Age and Education, 1963-64, Unad¬
justed for Acreage and Family Size Differences between
Age Groups and between Education Levels 59
3.17 Mean Annual Gross Rural Family Income by Age and
Schooling of Household Head, 1963 60
4.1 Average Delay between Leaving School and Starting
Work of African Male Urban Employees by Level of
Education and Year of Leaving School 68
4.2 Annual Earnings Foregone and Other Private Costs by
Age and Years of Schooling, Male Africans, 1968 69
4.3 Annual Costs per Student Used in Calculating Social
Rates of Return 71
4.4 Average Social and Private Rates of Return to Schooling
for Africans by Years of Schooling, Adjusted for Age
Only; for Age, Taxes and Mortality Only; and for Age
and Socio-Economic Variables Only 72
x
4.5 Average Rates of Return to Different Examination Scores
and Schooling Periods, Adjusted for Socio-Economic
Variables, 1968 79
4.6 Distribution of African Landowners by Age, 1963-64 83
4./ Rates of Return to Schooling, Landholding Household
Heads in Rural Central Province, 1963-64, Corrected
for Probability of Being Landholder 84
4.8 Rates of Return to Schooling, Landholding Household
Heads in Rural Central Province, 1966 Costs and 1963-
64 Benefits, Corrected for Probability of Being Land¬
holder 85
4.9 Estimated Numbers of African Male Primary School
Leavers and Estimated Urban Employment Probabili¬
ties, 1960-66 88
4.10 Urban and Rural, Weighted and Combined Private Rates
of Return to Primary Education, 1960-66 89
4.11 Urban and Rural, Weighted and Combined Social Rates
of Return to Primary Education, 1960-1966 89
4.12 Combined Urban and Rural Rates of Return to Primary
Education, Adjusted for Socio-Economic Background,
1960-1966 90
4.13 Average Private Rates of Return to Schooling, All Ad¬
justments, by Years of Schooling, 1968 91
4.14 Average Social Rates of Return to Schooling, All Adjust¬
ments, by Years of Schooling, 1968 92
4.15 Social Internal Rates of Return to Schooling for Males in
Seven Developing Countries, Based on Urban Samples:
Kenya, Uganda, India, Mexico, Chile, Colombia and
Venezuela 94
5.1 Projected Annual Pupil Outflow, 1969-74 99
5.2 Average Annual Earnings, 1957-66 103
5.3 Employment by Ethnic Groups and Major Economic
Sectors, 1957-66 104
5.4 Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost by Major Eco¬
nomic Sectors, and Cost of Living Index, Nairobi,
1957-66 105
5.5 Projections of Demand for Teachers, 1974 109
5.6 Growth Alternatives, 1968-74: Social Rate of Return,
Wages and Employment for Two Labor Force Levels 109
5.7 Growth Alternatives, 1968-74: Wages and Employment
for Africans with Primary and Secondary School and
University Training ^0
X)
6.1 Rates of Return to Investment in Physical Capital 130
6.2 Attitudes of East African Pupils toward Family Planning,
1965-66 138
A.l Average Value (Mean) of Main Variables Used in Exami¬
nation Performance Regressions, CSC and HSC Cycles,
1966 162
A.2 Rates of Return to Additional per Pupil Expenditure 166
A.3 Salary Scales for the Teaching Service 170
C.l Regression Coefficients of Schooling and Independent
Dummy Variables, Dependent Variable: Monthly
Earnings, African Males, 1968, Schooling from 0-11
Years 178
E.l Gross Family Farm Income and Imputed Farm and Non-
Farm Income of Household Head, by Age and Educa¬
tion, 1963-64 187
FIGURES
2.1 Kenya: Structure of Education, 1969 13
3.1 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles, African Males by
Years of Schooling, 1968 35
3.2 Unadjusted Age-Earnings Profiles, African Females by
Years of Schooling, 1968 47
4.1 Variants of Rates of Return to Education Developed in
Kenya Case Study 64
5.1 Supply of and Demand for Educated Labor 96
A.l Time—Path of School Output Quality as a Function of
Examination Performance 145
xii
|
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:22:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0801813352 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XV,193 S.m.Tab. |
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| publishDate | 1972 |
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| publisher | Hopkins Pr. |
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| series | Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers |
| series2 | Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers |
| spelling | Thias, Hans Heinrich Verfasser aut Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya Hans H. Thias ; Martin Carnoy Baltimore Hopkins Pr. 1972 XV,193 S.m.Tab. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers 14 Carnoy, Martin Verfasser aut Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers 14 (DE-604)BV024996042 14 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003125707&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Thias, Hans Heinrich Carnoy, Martin Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya Internat. Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Occasional papers |
| title | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya |
| title_auth | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya |
| title_exact_search | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya |
| title_full | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya Hans H. Thias ; Martin Carnoy |
| title_fullStr | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya Hans H. Thias ; Martin Carnoy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost-benefit analysis in education A case study of Kenya Hans H. Thias ; Martin Carnoy |
| title_short | Cost-benefit analysis in education |
| title_sort | cost benefit analysis in education a case study of kenya |
| title_sub | A case study of Kenya |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003125707&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV024996042 |
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