Social organization: A general systems and role theory perspective
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia
Davis
1972
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 226 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0803607709 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vü 1 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE Organization as a Survival Imperative 1 Organization as an Indicator of Society and Culture 2 Definition of Social Organization 3 Organization as a Dimension of Social Structure 3 Dynamics of Organization 4 Interactional Context of Organization 5 Cultural Variables 5 Personality Variables 5 Situation Variables 7 Organization as Product of Interaction 7 Structural Theories of Organization 7 Functional Theory 9 Exchange Theory 11 Conflict Theory 12 Interaction Theory 13 Other Theories 14 1 2 THE GENESIS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE Why and How Interaction Begins 19 Mutual Intention 19 Intention of Initiating Party 20 External Coercion 20 Fortuitous Circumstance 20 Why and How Organization Results from Interaction 21 Mutual Intention 21 19 ix
Fortuitous Circumstance 22 Fortuitous Circumstance and External Coercion 22 Opposition by All Parties 23 Key Principles of Organization 23 Principle of Allocation 23 Roles 24 Facilities 25 Rewards 25 Principle of Integration 26 Consensual Variation 27 The Morphogenic Process 28 Growth and Development of Social Systems 30 3 THE STRUCTURAL NATURE OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS Definition of Social System 33 Structural Elements of Social Systems 34 Role Relationships 37 Role Reciprocality 38 Bilateral vs. Reflexive 38 Role Conjunctivality 40 Bilateral vs. Reflexive 42 Classes of Social Systems 44 Groups 44 Complex Organizations 45 Communities 46 Societies 46 4 STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF NORMS AND ROLES: PART 1 Definitional Attributes of Norms and Roles 49 В ehavioral Referents 5 0 Evaluation Standards 50 System Context 51 Unifunctionality 51 Modality 52 Approval vs. Disapproval 5 2 Dynamics 53 Structural Attributes of Norms and Roles 54 Spatial and Temporal Factors 54 Personality Dimension 54 Structural Qualities 55 Structural Distance 55 Range of Reciprocality 57 Orientation to System Boundaries 58
Temporal Span 59 Range of Tolerance 59 Intensity 60 Degrees of Clarity 60 Content of Norms and Roles 61 Kinship or Ethnic 61 Economic 61 Educational 62 Religious or Ritual 62 Government or Political 62 Recreational and Aesthetic 62 5 STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF NORMS AND ROLES: PART 2 Norms, Values, and Interests 65 Definition of Values 65 Norm-Value Distinction 66 Compatibility of Norms and Values 67 Value-Interest Distinction 68 Pattern Variables in Role Orientation 69 Affectivity vs. Neutrality 69 Self vs. Collectivity 69 Universalism vs. Particularism 69 Achievement vs. Ascription 70 Specificity vs. Diffuseness 70 Role Differentiation and Role Density 71 Dominant vs. Recessive Roles 7 2 Role-Sets 72 Ephemeral Roles 73 Delayed Role Reciprocality 75 6 STATUS-POSITIONS AS UNITS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE General Features of Status-Positions 79 Assignment 79 Consistency 80 Activation 80 Latency 80 Occupancy 81 Reciprocality 81 Dominance 82 Structural Dimensions 82 Spatial and Temporal Factors 82 Personality Dimensions 83 Significance of Status Signs or Symbols 84 Dynamics of Status-Positions 85
Status Commitment vs. System Commitment 86 Status Transition 87 Phenomenal Characteristics 87 Regularity 87 Anticipatory Socialization 88 Disruption 89 Status Inconsistency 90 Consequences 90 Reduction Mechanisms 90 7 ANALYSIS OF TOTAL SYSTEMS: A GENERAL SYSTEMS APPROACH General Systems Theory and Sociology 9 5 Chracteristics of Open Systems 97 Input 97 Throughput 98 Output 98 Cycles of Events 98 Negative Entropy 99 Feedback and Coding 99 Boundary Maintenance 99 Steady State 100 Storage and Memory 101 Variability and Adaptation 101 Elaboration 102 Equiñnality 102 Tension 103 Common Goals and Functional Unity 103 Totality 103 Norms, Roles, and General Systems Theory 104 Status-Positions and General Systems Theory 105 8 SOCIAL GROUPS: THEIR NATURE AS SOCIAL SYSTEMS Perspective for the Study of Groups 107 Definition of Social Group 108 Subgroups and Chance Encounters 110 Subgroups 111 Chance Encounters 112 Dynamics of Group Structure 113 Group Cycles of Activity 115 Subgroup Task Cycles 115 Group Task Cycles 115 Organization Task Cycles 115 Concept of Group Phases 116 Addition and Loss of Members 116
Process of Learning New Group Norms 118 Group Environmental Exchanges 119 With External Environment 119 Within Internal Environment 121 Growth and Development of Social Groups 122 Immediate Gratification of Personal Needs 124 Mechanisms for Continuing Gratification 124 Pursuit of Collective Goal 124 Conditions for Self-Determination 124 Classification of Groups 125 9 COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS: THEIR NATURE AS SOCIAL SYSTEMS The Structure of Complex Organizations 129 Elemental versus Interstitial Groups 129 Location of Actors 130 Definition of Complex Organizations 132 Classification of Complex Organizations 135 Role Interdependence 135 Structural Dimensions of Situs 138 Composition 138 Rank Order 138 Dynamics of Complex Organizations 140 Organization Cycles of Activity 140 Suborganization Task Cycles 140 Organization Task Cycles 141 Community Task Cycles 141 Environmental Exchanges 141 With External Environment 141 Within Internal Environment 143 Growth and Development of Complex Organizations 144 Need for Self-Realization 144 Maximization of Profit 145 Maximization of Revenue 145 Response to Innovative Behavior 145 129 10 COMMUNITIES AND SOCIETIES: THEIR NATURE AS SOCIAL SYSTEMS Definition of Community 149 The Structure of Communities 150 Internal Linkages 150 Delineation 154 The Actor in the Community 155 Dynamics of Communities 156 Community Cycles of Activity 156 149
Specialized Task Cycles 156 Community-wide Task Cycles 156 Societal Task Cycles 157 Environmental Exchanges 157 With External Environment 157 Within Internal Environment 158 Classification of Communities 158 Growth and Development of Communities Definition of Society 159 The Structure of Societies 159 Stations and Stratification 160 Social Institutions 162 Dynamics of Societies 163 158 SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION AND SOCIAL CONTROL 167 Social Disorganization 167 General Systems Theory: The Macro Perspective 168 Definition of Deviance 168 Internal vs. External Conflict 169 System Differences in Conflict Tolerance 170 Deviance and Role Theory: The Micro Perspective 170 Norms and Deviance 171 Norm Conflict 171 Improper Socialization to Norms 171 Improper Legitimation of Norms 172 Inconsistency of Values and Norms 172 Innovativeness and Norms 172 Roles and Deviance 173 Role Conflict 173 Role Incongruity 174 Role Inadequacy 174 Role F rustration 175 Role Superfluity 175 Role Nonreciprocality 176 Role Ambivalence 176 Role Boredom 177 Status-Positions and Deviance 177 Conflicting Norms Within a Single Status-Position 177 Conflicting Roles Within a Single Status-Position or Situs 178 Conflicting Status-Positions Within a Single Station 178 Conflict Arising from Status-Position Transition 178 Social Control 179 General Systems Perspective 179 Social Control at the Behavioral Level 180
Mechanisms of Social Control 181 Physical Sanctions 182 Economic Sanctions 182 Psychological Sanctions 182 Strategies for Minimizing Control Problems Social Power and Social Control 184 183 12 APPROACHES TO THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS System-Centered vs. Actor-Centered Analysis 187 System-Centered Analysis 187 Actor-Centered Analysis 188 Analysis of Patterns of Social Relations 191 The Black Box as an Analytical Tool 192 A Delineational Approach 193 The Elemental Group as a Frame of Reference 193 Identification of a Role 194 Identification of a Norm 194 Identification of Status-Position and Situs 195 Tentative Outline of the Social Structure of a University Class 187 195 Applications of Systems Theory 198 Research and Planning 198 Organization of Agricultural Research 199 Field Testing Educational Products 201 Miscellaneous Examples 202 Applications of Role Theory 202 Structure of Occupations 203 Process of Communication 204 Status Transition 206 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX 211 217 219
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)490844651 (DE-599)BVBBV005089028 |
| discipline | Soziologie |
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| id | DE-604.BV005089028 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:22:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0803607709 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XV, 226 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1972 |
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| spelling | Bertrand, Alvin L. Verfasser aut Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective Alvin L. Bertrand Philadelphia Davis 1972 XV, 226 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Rollentheorie (DE-588)4178413-3 gnd rswk-swf Systemtheorie (DE-588)4058812-9 gnd rswk-swf Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd rswk-swf Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd rswk-swf Rollentheorie (DE-588)4178413-3 s Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 s DE-604 Systemtheorie (DE-588)4058812-9 s Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003119864&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Bertrand, Alvin L. Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective Rollentheorie (DE-588)4178413-3 gnd Systemtheorie (DE-588)4058812-9 gnd Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4178413-3 (DE-588)4058812-9 (DE-588)4055764-9 (DE-588)4055898-8 |
| title | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective |
| title_auth | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective |
| title_exact_search | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective |
| title_full | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective Alvin L. Bertrand |
| title_fullStr | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective Alvin L. Bertrand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social organization A general systems and role theory perspective Alvin L. Bertrand |
| title_short | Social organization |
| title_sort | social organization a general systems and role theory perspective |
| title_sub | A general systems and role theory perspective |
| topic | Rollentheorie (DE-588)4178413-3 gnd Systemtheorie (DE-588)4058812-9 gnd Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rollentheorie Systemtheorie Soziales System Sozialstruktur |
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