Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe: An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia
Porcupine Pr.
1980
|
| Ausgabe: | Nachdr. d. Ausg. London 1938 |
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in international economics
3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Text engl. |
| Beschreibung: | 424 S. |
| ISBN: | 0879918527 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe |b An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning |c by H. Liepmann |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword ......... 5
Preface ......... 7
part 1
OBJECTS, METHODS AND LIMITS OF
THE INVESTIGATION
CHAPTER
I. The Objects of the Inquiry ..... 17
II. The Methods of the Investigation .... 20
a. Tariffs.
b. The Selection of Goods and the Conception of the
“Potential Tariff Level.”
c. The Averages.
d. The Prices.
e. The Duty Rates.
/. The “Actual Tariff Levels” and the Economic Integra-
tion of Europe.
III. The Limits of the Inquiry . . . . .31
a. Inherent Difficulties of Methods.
aa. Selection of Goods and Structure of Custom Tariffs.
bb. The Problem of Price Data.
cc. The Problem of the Averages.
dd. The Problem of Comparisons.
b. Decreasing Importance of Tariffs in the System of
European post-War Trade Policy.
PART II
OUTLINES OF EUROPEAN TARIFF POLICY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL TARIFF LEVELS
BETWEEN 1913 AND 1931. (See Tables Ai and Aii
of Appendix.)
I. Industrial and Agrarian States, Agrarian and Indus-
trial Tariffs in Europe ..... 45
II. Structure and Arrangement of the General Goods
List (A-List) ....... 49
S
CONTENTS
9
Chapter page
III. Outlines of European Agrarian Tariff Policy and
Development of Potential Agrarian Tariff Levels,
1913-1931 ........ 56
A. Industrial (Central) Europe.
Preliminary Remark: The Centres of European Agrarian
Imports.
1. Germany ........ 56
2. France ........ 65
3. Italy ......... 69
4. Belgium ........ 73
5. Switzerland. ....... 76
6. Austria ........ 79
7. Czechoslovakia ....... 82
B. Agrarian (Border) Europe.
Preliminary Remark: Foodstuff—and Raw Material—
Countries in Agrarian Europe.
1. Sweden ........ 85
2. Finland . ...... 88
3. Poland . . ...... 90
4. Roumania ........ 93
5. Hungary ........ 95
6. Yugoslavia ........ 96
7. Bulgaria ........ 98
8. Spain . . ■ . . . . .99
C. General Tendencies in the Agrarian Tariff Policy of post-
war Europe compared with 1913. (See graph A and
Table IVa of Appendix) . . . . . .102
IV. Outlines of European Industrial Tariff Policy and
Development of Potential Industrial Tariff Levels
BETWEEN 1913 AND 1931 ...... Ill
Preliminary Remark: Industrial and Agrarian Countries of
Europe as Markets for Industrial Products.
A. Industrial (Central) Europe.
1. Germany . . . . . . . .113
2. France ........ 120
3. Italy ......... 126
4. Great Britain . . . . .131
5. Belgium ........ 133
6. Switzerland. ....... 136
7. Austria ........ 140
8. Czechoslovakia ....... 143
B. Agrarian (Border) Europe.
Preliminary Remark: Differences in the Industrial Recep-
tivity of the Agrarian Countries of Europe.
1. Sweden ........ 147
2. Finland ........ 150
3. Poland ........ 153
IO TARIFFS AND THE ECONOMIC UNITY OF EUROPE
CHAPTER PAGE
4. Roumania ........ 157
5. Hungary ........ 162
6. Yugoslavia ........ 166
7. Bulgaria ........ 169
8. Spain . . ...... 173
C. General tendencies of European Industrial Tariff Policy
before and after the War. (See graphs B, C and Table IVa
of Appendix) ........ 178
PART III
ACTUAL TARIFF LEVELS IN EUROPE, 1913-1931.
(See Tables Bi-iv of Appendix.)
I. Details of the Methods of calculating actual Tariff
Levels . . . . . . . . .189
II. Outlines of the Economic Integration of Europe . 192
III. Limits of the Textual Analysis of the actual Tariff
Levels ......... 199
IV. Actual Tariff Levels for the Exports of Industrial
Europe ......... 201
1. Germany and the Tariffs in Europe . . . .201
a. Composition and Value of German Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of German Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Germany:
I. Germany and Industrial Europe.—(aa) Germany and
Great Britain, (bb) Germany and France, (cc) Ger-
many and Italy, (dd) Germany and Belgium, (ee)
Germany and Switzerland, (ff) Germany and
Austria, (gg) Germany and Czechoslovakia.
II. Germany and Agrarian Europe.—(aa) Germany and
the Netherlands, (bb) Germany and the Scandi-
navian States, (cc) Germany and the Baltic States,
(dd) Germany and Poland, (ee) Germany and the
European South-East, (ff) Germany and the
Mediterranean States.
d. General trend of German Exports, 1913-1934.
2. Great Britain and the Tariffs in Europe . . . 227
a. Composition of English Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of English Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Great
Britain:
1. England and Industrial Europe.—(aa) England and
Germany, (bb) England and France, (cc) England
and Italy, (dd) England and Belgium.
II. England and Agrarian Europe.—(aa) England and
the Netherlands, (bb) England and the North
European Countries, (cc) Eneland and Spain,
CONTENTS
ii
(idd) England and Poland* (ee) England and the
South-Eastern States* {ff) England and the
Mediterranean States (Greece and Portugal).
d. General trend of English Exports, 1913-1934.
3. France and the Tariffs in Europe .... 241
a. Composition of French Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of French Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of France:
I. France and Industrial Europe.—{aa) France and
Great Britain, (bb) France and Belgium, {cc) France
and Germany, {dd) France and Switzerland, {ee)
France and Italy.
II. France and Agrarian Europe.—(aa) France and
Spain, (bb) France and the remainder of Border
Europe.
d. General trend of French Exports, 1913-1934.
4. Italy and the Tariffs in Europe . . . .254
a. Composition of Italian Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Italian Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Italy:
I. Italy and Industrial Europe.—{aa) Italy and
Germany, {bb) Italy and Great Britain, {cc) Italy
and Switzerland, {dd) Italy and France, {ee) Italy
and Austria-Hungary (1927-1931: Austria and
Czechoslovakia).
II. Italy and Agrarian Europe.—{aa) Italy and the
South-Eastern States, {bb) Italy and Greece.
d. General trend of Italian Exports, 1913-1934.
5. Belgium and the Tariffs in Europe .... 263
a. Composition of Belgian Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Belgian Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Belgium:
I. Belgium and Industrial Europe.—{aa) Belgium and
Germany, {bb) Belgium and France, {cc) Belgium
and Great Britain.
II. Belgium and Agrarian Europe.—{aa) Belgium and
the Netherlands.
d. General trend of Belgian Exports, 1913-1934.
6. Switzerland and the Tariffs in Europe . . . 269
a. Composition of Swiss Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Swiss Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Switzer-
land:
I. Switzerland and Industrial Europe.—{aa) Switzer-
land and Germany, {bb) Switzerland and Great
Britain, {cc) Switzerland and France, {dd) Switzer-
land and Italy, {ee) Switzerland and Austria-
Hungary (1927-1931: Austria, Czechoslovakia).
II. General remark on the duties on Swiss Exports
imposed by the States of Agrarian Europe.
d. General trend of Swiss Exports, 1913^1934*
12 TARIFFS AND THE ECONOMIC UNITY OF EUROPE
CHAPTER
7. Austria and the Tariffs in Europe ....
a. Composition of Austrian Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Austrian Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Austria:
I. Austria and Industrial Europe.—(aa) Austria and
Germany, (bb) Austria and Czechoslovakia, (cc)
Austria and Italy, ( i 2) Austria and Switzerland.
II. Austria and Agrarian Europe.—(aa) Austria and
Hungary, (bb) Austria and Yugoslavia, (cc) Austria
and Roumania, (dd) Austria and Poland.
d. General trend of Austrian Exports, 1927-1934.
8. Czechoslovakia and the Tariffs in Europe
a. Composition of Czech Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Czech Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Czecho-
slovakia :
I. Czechoslovakia and Industrial Europe.—(aa) Czecho-
slovakia and Germany, (bb) Czechoslovakia and
Austria, (cc) Czechoslovakia and Great Britain.
II. Czechoslovakia and Agrarian Europe.—(aa) Czecho-
slovakia and Hungary, (bb) Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia, (cc) Czechoslovakia and Roumania.
d. General trend of Czech Exports, 1927—1934.
V. Actual Tariff Levels for the Exports of Agrarian
Europe .........
Preliminary Remark: Differences in Composition and Des-
tination between the Exports from Agrarian and Industrial
Europe.
1. Denmark and Holland and the Tariffs in Europe .
a. Composition of Danish and Dutch Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Danish and Dutch
Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Denmark
and Holland:
A. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of
Denmark.—(ad) Denmark and Great Britain,
(bb) Denmark and Germany.
B. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of the
Netherlands.—(aa) The Netherlands and Germany,
(bb) The Netherlands and Great Britain, (cc)
Holland and Belgium, (dd) Holland and France.
d. General trend of Danish and Dutch Exports, 1913-1934.
2. Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Tariffs in Europe
a. Composition of Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish
Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Swedish, Norwegian
and Finnish Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Sweden,
Norway and Finland:
(aa) Great Britain as a Market for Sweden, Norway,
PAGE
277
285
295
296
304
CONTENTS
13
and Finland* (bb) Germany as a Market for Sweden,
Norway, and Finland, (cc) Sweden, Norway, and
Finland and the rest of Europe.
d. General trend of Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish
Exports, 1913-1934.
3. The Baltic States and the Tariffs in Europe . . 312
a. Composition of Baltic Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Baltic Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of the Baltic
countries.
d. General trend of Baltic Exports, 1927-1934.
4. Poland and the Tariffs in Europe . . . .315
a. Composition of Polish Exports.
b. Geographical Distribution of Polish Exports.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of Poland:
I. Poland and Industrial Europe.—(aa) Poland and
Germany, (bb) Poland and Great Britain, (cc)
Poland and the Tariffs of Austria and Czecho-
slovakia.
II. Poland and Border Europe.
d. General trend of Polish Exports, 1927-1934.
5. The South-Eastern States and the Tariffs in Europe . 321
a. Composition of the Exports of the South-Eastern States.
b. Geographical Distribution of the Exports of the
South-Eastern States.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of the South-
Eastern States:
I. South-Eastern States and Industrial Europe.—(aa)
South-Eastern States and Germany, (bb) South-
Eastern States and Austria, (cc) South-Eastern
States and Czechoslovakia, (dd) South-Eastern
States and Italy, (ee) South-Eastern States and
France, (ff) South-Eastern States and Great
Britain.
II. South-Eastern States and Agrarian Europe.
d. General trend of the Exports of the South-Eastern
States, 1913-1934.
6. The Mediterranean Border States and the Tariffs in
Europe ....... 332
a. Composition of the Exports of the Mediterranean
Border States.
b. Geographical Distribution of the Exports of the
Mediterranean Border States.
c. Actual Tariff Levels of the chief Markets of the
Mediterranean Border States:
(aa) Great Britain as a Market for the three
countries, (bb) France as a Market for the three
countries, (cc) Germany as a Market for the three
countries, (dd) Italy as a Market for Greece.
d. General trend of the Exports of the three countries,
I9i3“i934-
14 TARIFFS AND THE ECONOMIC UNITY OF EUROPE
CHAPTER
VI* Summary: The Economic Integration of Europe up
TO 1931 AS AFFECTED BY EUROPEAN TARIFFS. (SEE
Tables Bi-iv* IVa3 b3 of Appendix) ....
1. The Period of Reconstruction (1925-1929).
2. The Period of Destruction (1929-1931).
VII. Tendencies and Dangers of European post-War
Tariff Policy .......
i. Outlines of European post-War Tariff Policy
а. Course of Development up to the outbreak of the
World Economic Crisis (1929).
б. The course of Events in 1930 and 1931.
c. The course of Events in the recent Past (1932-1935).
d. The result of the European Trade Policy of 1932-1935.
2. Decisive Factors of European post-War Tariff Policy
Preliminary Remark: The Gulf between Theory and
Practice.
a. Differences in Costs of Production as causes of Tariff
Policy.
b. Monetary Factors as causes of Tariff Policy.
c. Population Problems as causes of Tariff Policy.
d. Military Factors as causes of Tariff Policy.
e. Fiscal Needs as causes of Tariff Policy.
3. The Dangers of European Protectionism
Preliminary Remark: Protectionism from the standpoint
of Free Trade and the Theory of Location of
Industries.
a. Lowering of the Standard of Life.
b. Destruction of the Economic Location of Production.
c. Empire and Regional Tendencies in Europe.
d. Protectionism and War.
Appendix—Tables and Graphs of Potential and
Actual Tariff Levels and of Foreign Trade Rela-
tions of the European States ....
Bibliography ........
PAGE
340
346
347
359
367
383
4I6
Index
421
|
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| discipline | Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | Nachdr. d. Ausg. London 1938 |
| era | Geschichte 1913 gnd Geschichte 1918-1938 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1913 Geschichte 1918-1938 |
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| geographic | Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV005058629 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:21:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0879918527 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003093327 |
| oclc_num | 630957979 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-188 |
| physical | 424 S. |
| publishDate | 1980 |
| publishDateSearch | 1980 |
| publishDateSort | 1980 |
| publisher | Porcupine Pr. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Studies in international economics |
| series2 | Studies in international economics |
| spelling | Liepmann, Heinrich Verfasser aut Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning by H. Liepmann Nachdr. d. Ausg. London 1938 Philadelphia Porcupine Pr. 1980 424 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in international economics 3 Text engl. Geschichte 1913 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1918-1938 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd rswk-swf Zollpolitik (DE-588)4191024-2 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 s Geschichte 1918-1938 z DE-604 Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 s 1\p DE-604 Zollpolitik (DE-588)4191024-2 s 2\p DE-604 Geschichte 1913 z 3\p DE-604 Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 s 4\p DE-604 Studies in international economics 3 (DE-604)BV005583592 3 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003093327&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Liepmann, Heinrich Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning Studies in international economics Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd Zollpolitik (DE-588)4191024-2 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066410-7 (DE-588)4003841-5 (DE-588)4191024-2 (DE-588)4003832-4 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning |
| title_auth | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning |
| title_exact_search | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning |
| title_full | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning by H. Liepmann |
| title_fullStr | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning by H. Liepmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning by H. Liepmann |
| title_short | Tariff levels and the economic unity of Europe |
| title_sort | tariff levels and the economic unity of europe an examination of tariff policy export movements and the economic integration of europe 1913 1931 transl from the german by h stenning |
| title_sub | An examination of tariff policy, export movements and the economic integration of Europe, 1913-1931. Transl. from the German by H. Stenning |
| topic | Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd Zollpolitik (DE-588)4191024-2 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wirtschaftliche Integration Außenhandelspolitik Zollpolitik Außenhandel Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003093327&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV005583592 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liepmannheinrich tarifflevelsandtheeconomicunityofeuropeanexaminationoftariffpolicyexportmovementsandtheeconomicintegrationofeurope19131931translfromthegermanbyhstenning |