Fundamentals of strategic weapons: offense and defense systems 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague u.a.
Nijhoff
1981
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of strategic weapons |b offense and defense systems |n 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| adam_text | Table of Contents (Part One) PREFACE.............................................. INTRODUCTION................................................... v xv CHAPTER 1. STRATEGIC CONFLICT 1.1. Fights, Games, and Debates ............................ 1.1.1. Strategic Objectives................... 7 1.1.2. Strategic Force Requirements .... 1.1.3. Third-Nation Problem............... 12 1.1.4. Statement of U.S. Policy.......... 12 1.1.5. Measures of Effectiveness.......... 14 1.1.6. Cost of Defense ..................................... 1.1.7. Management of the R D Process ... 1.1.8. Negotiations ......................................... 1.1.8.1. Multilateral Agreements ... 1.1.8.2. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) .................................... 1.1.8.3. Verification and Control ... 1.1.9. Opposition................................. 37 1.2. Strategic Systems Evolution ........................... 1.2.1. Advent of the ICBM ............................ 1.2.2. Interception of a Single ICBM .... 1.2.3. Interception of Multiple ICBMs ... 1.2.4. Unsophisticated Attack ....................... 1.2.5. Action-Reactions........................ 48 1.3. Present Strategic Environment....................... 1.3.1. Strategic Missile Forces ....................... 1.3.1.1. Payload Capacity.......... 56 1.3.1.2. Warhead Yield ....................... 1.3.1.3. Number of Warheads per Missile 1.3.1.4. Warhead Accuracy .................. 1.3.2. ABM Forces ......................................... 1.3.3. Instabilities................................. 61 1.3.4. Nuclear
Testing........................ 63 1.4. Near-Term Strategic Environment.................. S 11 18 24 26 28 30 35 38 39 40 41 44 51 52 57 58 58 59 64
VIII Table of Contents 1.4.1. Effective Counterforce Systems .... 1.4.2. Effective ABM Systems ......................... 1.4.3. Third-Nation Capability ...... 1.4.4. Flexible Response ................................... 1.4.5. Ceilings and Proliferation .................... References...................................................................... CHAPTER 2. 70 74 76 77 78 80 MISSILE FORCE CHARACTERISTICS 2.1. Missile Systems .................................................. 98 2.2. Missile Availability ............................................. 99 2.2.1. Hardware Operational Assurance ... 99 2.2.1.1. Missile Design.............................. 100 2.2.1.2. Propellants ................................... 101 2.2.1.3. Missile Propulsion .................... 105 2.2.1.4. Reliability .................... .... . . Ю6 2.2.1.5. Maintainability..........................................106 2.2.2. Command-and-Control Flexibility . . . Ю7՝ 2.2.2.1. Cable................................... .... . 108 2.2.2.2. Radio.............................. 109 2.2.2.3. Airborne and Satellite . ... Ю9 2.2.3. Survivability ......................... Ю9 2.2.3.1. Blast Hardening......................... П1 2.2.3.2. Active Defense .............................. П1 2.2.3.3. Deceptive Basing......................... 118 2.2.3.4. Mobile Systems ......................... П4 2.3. Missile System Penetration .................... .... . П5 2.3.1. Operational Flexibility :......................... HO 2.3.1.1. Target Flexibility......................... HO 2.3.1.2. Trajectory Flexibility .... П7
2.3.2. Penetration Aids........................................ 120 2.Յ.2.1. RV Hardening ............................... 120 2.3.2.2. Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) 128 2.3.2.3. Chaff .............................................. 124 2.3.2.4. Booster Fragments .................... 125 2.3.2.5. Decoys ......... 125 2.3.2.6. RCS Reduction ......................... 12^ 2.3.2.7. Multiple RVs .............................. 128 2.3.2.8. Maneuverable RVs (MARVs) . 130 2.3.2.9. Radar Blackout ......................... 132 2.3.2.10. Defense Knockout.................... 133 2.3.2.11. Fractional Orbital Bombing System (FOBS)........................................ 134
Table of Contents ix 2.4. Missile System Effectiveness .............................. 2.4.1. Missile Range .................................. . . 2.4.2. Warhead Capacity . . . . . . . . 2.4.3. Accuracy . . . . .... . . . 2.4.3.1. Instrument Errors ..... 2.4.3.2. Midcourse Guidance .... 2.4.3.3. Terminal Guidance... 144 2.4.4. Weight and Size........................ 2.4.4.1. Mass Ratio ............................ . 2.4A.2. Weight per Stage ...... 2.4.4.3. Thrust per Stage . . . . . . 2.4.4.4. Throat and Chamber Areas per Stage 2.4.4.5. Length per Stage......................... 2.4.4.6. Burn Time.................................. 2.4.4.7. Drag Effect . . . . . . . . 2.4.4.8. Vertical Launch ......................... 2.4.4.9. Trajectory Estimate.................... 2.4.5. Detonation Flexibility............. 160 2.4.6. Real-Time Damage Assessment .... 2.4.6.1. On-Board ................................... 2.4.6.2. Satellite-Borne ......................... 2.5. U.S. Air Force Strategic Missiles Projections . References.................................. 134 134 135 141 143 143 CHAPTER 3. 145 147 151 152 153 154 155 156 158 159 160 161 161 161 164 MISSILE ACCURACY 3.1. Missile Trajectories........................................... 3.1.1. Spherical Non-Rotating Earth . . . . 3.1.1.1. Equations of Motion . . . . . 3.1.1.2. Hit Equation ....... 3.1.1.3. Burnout Velocity and Angle . . 3.1.1.4. Minimum Energy Trajectories . 3.1.1.5. Time of Flight............ 174 3.2. Reentry Trajectories........................ 3.2.1. Equations of Motion ........................ . 3.2.2. Approximate
Trajectory . . . . . . 3.3. Missile Guidance................................................. 3.3.1. Guidance Equations.................................. 3.3.2. Special GuidanceConsiderations ... 3.4. Missile Errors..................................................... 3.4.1. Guidance Errors ....................................... 3.4.2. Non-Guidance Errors........................ . 3.5. Miss Due to Launch Errors ........................ . 167 168 170 172 174 174 177 178 179 188 188 191 192 192 194 194
x Table of Contents 3.5.1. Downrange Errors .................................. 3.5.2. Crossrange Errors .................................. 3.5.3. Rotating Earth ...................................... 3.5.4. Correction for Oblateness........................ 3.6. Miss Due to Reentry Errors ............................. 3.7. Circular Error Probability (CEP) ................... 3.8. Error Analysis..................................................... 3.8.1. Accelerometer Errors............................. 3.8.2. Gyro Errors ...................................... . 3.8.3. Miscellaneous Errors ............................. 3.8.4. Total System Error.................................. 3.9. Confidence Limits ........................................... References.............................................................. . CHAPTER 4. 195 197 197 198 199 200 201 205 207 209 210 211 215 RADAR COUNTERMEASURES 4.1. Active Countermeasures .................................. 4.1.1. Noise Jamming ....................................... 4.1.1.1. Spot Jamming............................. 4.1.1.2. Barrage Jamming . . . . . . 4.1.1.3. Sweep Jamming ........................ 4.1.2. Repeater Jamming.................................. 4.1.2.1. Transponders............................. 4.1.2.2. Range-Gate Stealer ................... 4.1.2.3. Velocity-Gate Stealer .... 4.2. Passive Countermeasures.................................. 4.2.1. Chaff.......................................................... 4.2.1.1. Spot Chaff .................................. 4.2.1.2. Volume
Chaff............................. 4.2.2. Decoys ..................................................... 4.2.2.1. High Altitude............................. 4.2.2.2. Low Altitude ............................. 4.2.3. RCS Reduction ....................................... 4.2.3.1. RV Shaping.................................. 4.2.3.2. Absorbing Materials................... 4.2.3.3. Wake Visibility............................. 4.3. Countermeasures Value Analysis ................... 4.3.1. Criteria..................................................... 4.3.2. Radar Degradation Analysis................... 4.3.3. Probability of Reaction to Countermeasures 4.Յ.Յ.1. Incorrect Action........................ 4.3.3.2. Delayed Action ........................ 4.3.3.3. Correct Action ........................ 220 221 222 222 222 223 224 224 225 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 230 231 233 233 235 236 237 239 240
Table of Contents xi 4.3.4. Effectiveness Analysis ............................. References.................................................................... CHAPTER 5. 240 242 MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY-TARGETED REENTRY VEHICLES (MIRVs) 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. System Evolution................................................. 252 System Operation................................................. 254 Post-Boost Propulsion System (PBCS) . . . 255 Target Separation ............................................ 258 PBCS Bus Stabilization and Control .... 262 5.5.1. PBCS Bus Requirements......................... 263 5.5.1.1. Functional Requirements . . . 263 5.5.1.2. Performance Requirements . . 264 5.5.2. PBCS Bus Design .................................. 265 5.5.2.1. Functional Operation .... 265 5.5.2.2. Performance Operation . . . 268 5.5.2.3. Design Organization.................... 268 5.5.3. PBCS Components.................................. 270 5.5.3.1. Software............................... 272 5.5.3.2. Sensors ....................................... 273 5.5.3.3. Electronics .................................. 273 5.5.3.4. Thrusters and Torquers . . . 273 5.6. PBCS Accuracy ....................................... 274 References.................................................................... 277 CHAPTER 6. SEA-BASED SYSTEMS 6.1. Sea Environment................................................. 6.1.1. Macroscopic Ocean Models.................... 6.1.1.1. Surface Currents......................... 6.1.1.2. Deep Ocean Circulation . . . 6.1.2. Local Ocean Models
............................. 6.1.2.1. Thermoclines ............................. 6.1.2.2. Isotherms .................................. 6.1.3. Marine Instrumentation ........................ 6.1.3.1. Marine Thermometry .... 6.1.3.2. Marine Chemistry ................... 6.1.3.3. Marine Currents....................... 6.1.3.4. Marine Acoustics....................... 6.1.3.5. Marine Photography .... 6.1.3.6. Instrumentation Coverage . . 282 282 284 285 287 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 298 298
XII Table of Contents 6.1.Յ.7. Man in Water.................... 6.1.4. Ship Technology.............................. 6.1.4.1. Speed................................... 6.1.4.2. Diving Depth .............................. 6.1.4.3. Powerplants.................... .... . . 6.1.4.4. Hull Materials.............................. 6.2. USW and ASW Forces........................................ 6.2.1. Systems Evolution . . . ... . . 6.2.1.1. Russian Systems . . . . . . 6.2.1.2. U.S. Systems .............................. 6.2.2. Present Strategic Systems and Capabilities 6.2.2.1. Range of U.S. and Russian SLBMs 6.2.2.2. SLBM Accuracy ...... 6.2.3. Near-Term Strategic Systems . . . . 6.2.3.1.Requirements .............................. 6.2.3.2. USW Systems . .......................... 6.2.Յ.2.1. Trident . . . . . . 6.2.3.3. ASW Systems . ......................... 6.2.3.3.1. Computers . ... 6.2.3.3.2. Helicopters . ... 6.2.3.3.3. Destroyer Escorts . . 6.2.3.3.4. Turboelectric Drives . 6.2.3.3.5. Submarine Weapons . 6.2.3.3.6. Projections .... 6.3. Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) .................... 6.3.1. ASW Operations........................................ 6.3.1.1. Intelligence.......................... 6.3.1.2. Detection ........ 6.3.1.3. Localization.......................... 6.3.1.4. Destruction.......................... 6.3.2. Ocean Surveillance Systems . . . . . 6.3.2.1. Long-Range Air Patrols . . . 6.3.2.2. Fixed Sites . . . . . . . . 6.3.2.3. Turnstile Sites . .......................... 6.3.2.4. Trailing......................... 6.3.3. Tactical Operations . . ... . . . 6.3.3.1.
Screening . ... . . . . 6.3.3.2. Hunting-Killing . . . . . . 6.3.3.3. Minefields . ............................... 6.3.4. Sensor Technology........................ 6.Յ.4.1. Avionics Systems ...... 6.3.4.2. Visual Search ....... 6.3.4.3. Sonobuoys ........ 299 299 303 307 310 311 313 315 315 325 330 332 336 338 338 340 342 347 350 351 351 353 353 354 356 357 357 358 360 361 362 362 367 368 370 371 372 373 375 376 376 380 380
Table of Contents xiii 6.3.4.4. Navigation ................... .... . . 381 6.3.4.5. Radar .......... 382 6.3.4.6. Stack-Gas Detectors.......... 383 6.3.4.7. Infra-Red Detectors.......... 383 6.3.4.8. Magnetic-Anomaly Detectors . . 383 6.4. Sound Propagation ............................................ 384 6.4.1. Geometric Spreading ............................. 386 6.4.2. Absorption....................................... 387 6.4.3. Speed of Sound ....................................... 390 6.4.4. Refraction....................................... 394 6.4.5. Reflection . . . .. . . . . . . 397 6.5. Sonar..................................................... 399 6.5.1. Transducers ...................................... . 400 6.5.2. Background Noise ................... - . . . 404 6.5.3. Reverberation Noise ............................. 406 6.5.4. Sonar Range Equation ........................ 408 6.5.5. Processing Gain ........................................ 410 6.5.6. Sonar Cross-Section ............................. 412 6.5.7. U.S. Sonar Evolution and Operations . 413 6.5.8. Sonar Countermeasures and Counter-Counter measures ........................ y ... . 419 6.6. Radio Communications............................ 421 6.7. U.S. Naval Forces Projections ...... 425 References.................................................................... 427 CHAPTER 7. BOMBERS AND CRUISE MISSILES 7.1. Russian Strategic Bombers...................................... 7.1.1. Present Bomber Threat ........................I 7.1.2. Future Bomber Threat............................ 7.2. U.S.
Strategic Bombers...................................... -, 7.2.1. Present Forces ...................................... .“f 7.2.2. Future Forces............................................ 7.2.3. Projected Costs ....................................... 7.3. Bomber Effectiveness ....................................... 7.3.1. Prelaunch Survivability ......................... 7.3.2. Penetration of Area Air Defenses . . . 7.3.3. Penetration of Terminal Defenses . . . 7.3.4. Destruction Potential ............................. 7.4. Multipurpose Weapons....................................... 7.5. Cruise Missiles...................................................... 7.5.1. Flexibility ................................................. 7.5.2. Cost .......................................................... 435 435 437 440 440 441 442 445 445 446 448 449 450 450 451 451
XIV Table of Contents 7.5.3. Effectiveness ........................................... 7.5.4. Verification and Control........................ References.................................................................... TABLES OF LIQUID AND SOLID PROPELLANTS References................................................................... 452 454 455 APPENDIX I 459 APPENDIX II FUNDAMENTAL MISSILE EQUATIONS ILL Propellant Performance .................................. 463 11.2. Nozzle Calculations........................................... 464 11.3. Thrust Chamber Calculations ........................ 467 11.4. Trajectory Calculations .................................. 468 INDEX........................................................................ 471
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| spelling | Constant, James N. Verfasser aut Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. The Hague u.a. Nijhoff 1981 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV004978048 1 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003043925&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Constant, James N. Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems |
| title | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems |
| title_full | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems 1. Offense systems. - 1981. - XVII, 476 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. |
| title_short | Fundamentals of strategic weapons |
| title_sort | fundamentals of strategic weapons offense and defense systems |
| title_sub | offense and defense systems |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003043925&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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